Validity of long-term and short-term recall of occupational sitting time in Finnish and Chinese office workers

Background:As sedentary behavior is a global health issue,there is a need for methods of self-reported sitting assessment.The accuracy and reliability of these methods should also be tested in various populations and different cultural contexts.This study examined the validity of longterm and short-term recall of occupational sitting time in Finnish and Chinese subgroups.Methods:Two cohort groups of office-based workers(58.6%female,age range 22
67 years)participated:a Finnish group(FIN,n=34)and a Chinese group(CHI,n=36).Long-term(past 3-month sitting)and short-term(daily sitting assessed on 5 consecutive days)single-item measures were used to assess self-reported occupational sitting time.Values from each participant were compared to objectively measured occupational sitting time assessed via thigh-mounted accelerometers,with Spearman’s rho(r)used to assess validity and the Bland-Altman method used to evaluate agreement.Coefficients of variation depicted day-to-day variability of time spent on sitting at work.Results:In the total study sample,the results showed that both long-term and short-term recall correlated with accelerometer-derived sitting time(r=0.532,95%confidence intervals(CI):0.336
0.684,p<0.001;r=0.533,95%CI:0.449
0.607,p<0.001,respectively).Compared to objectively measured sitting time,self-reported occupational sitting time was 2.4%(95%CI:
0.5%to 5.3%,p=0.091)and 2.2%(95%CI:0.7%
3.6%,p=0.005)greater for long-term and short-term recall,respectively.The agreement level was within the range
21.2%to 25.9%for long-term recall,and
24.2%to 28.5%for short-term recall.During a 5-day work week,day-to-day variation of sitting time was 9.4%§11.4%according to short-term recall and 10.4%§8.4%according to accelerometry-derived occupational sitting time.Conclusion:Overall,both long-term and short-term self-reported instruments provide acceptable measures of occupational sitting time in an office-based workplace,but their utility at the individual level is limited due to large variability.

“Sitting-up vertigo as an expression of posterior semicircular canal heavy cupula and posterior semicircular canal short arm canalolithiasis”

Background:Vestibular symptoms on sitting-up are frequent on patients seen by vestibular specialists.Recently,a benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(BPPV)variant which elicits vestibular symptoms with oculomotor evidence of posterior semicircular canal(P-SCC)cupula stimulation on sitting-up was described and named sitting-up vertigo BPPV.A periampullar restricted P-SCC canalolithiasis was proposed as a causal mechanism.Objective:To describe new mechanisms of action for the sitting-up vertigo BPPV variant.Methods:Eighteen patients with sitting-up vertigo BPPV were examined with a pre-established set of positional maneuvers and follow-up until they resolved their symptoms and clinical findings.Results:All patients showed up-beating torsional nystagmus(UBTN)and vestibular symptoms on coming up from either Dix-Hallpike(DHM)or straight head-hanging maneuver.Sixteen out of 18 patients presented a sustained UBTN with an ipsitorsional component to the tested side on half-Hallpike maneuver(HH).A slower persistent contratorsional down-beating nystagmus was found in eleven out18 patients tested on nose down position(ND).Conclusions:Persistent direction changing positional nystagmus on HH and ND positions indicative of PSCC heavy cupula was found in 11 patients.A sustained UBTN on HH with the absence of findings on ND,which is suggestive of the presence of P-SCC short arm canalolithiasis,was found on 5 patients.All patients were treated with canalith repositioning maneuvers without success,but they resolved their findings by means of Brandt-Daroff exercises.We propose P-SCC heavy cupula and P-SCC short arm canalolithiasis as two new putative mechanisms for the sitting-up vertigo BPPV variant.

Association of daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity with body fat among U.S.adults

Background:Prolonged sitting and reduced physical activity lead to low energy expenditures.However,little is known about the joint impact of daily sitting time and physical activity on body fat distribution.We investigated the independent and joint associations of daily sitting time and physical activity with body fat among adults.Methods:This was a cross-sectional analysis of U.S.nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey2011-2018 among adults aged 20 years or older.Daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity(LTPA)were self-reported using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire.Body fat(total and trunk fat percentage)was determined via dual X-ray absorptiometry.Results:Among 10,808 adults,about 54.6%spent 6 h/day or more sitting;more than one-half reported no LTPA(inactive)or less than 150 min/week LTPA(insufficiently active)with only 43.3%reported 150 min/week or more LTPA(active)in the past week.After fully adjusting for sociodemographic data,lifestyle behaviors,and chronic conditions,prolonged sitting time and low levels of LTPA were associated with higher total and trunk fat percentages in both sexes.When stratifying by LTPA,the association between daily sitting time and body fat appeared to be stronger in those who were inactive/insuufficiently active.In the joint analyses,inactive/insuufficiently active adults who reported sitting more than 8 h/day had the highest total(female:3.99%(95%confidence interval(95%CI):3.09%-4.88%);male:3.79%(95%CI:2.75%-4.82%))and trunk body fat percentages(female:4.21%(95%CI:3.09%-5.32%);male:4.07%(95%CI:2.95%-5.19%))when compared with those who were active and sitting less than 4 h/day.Conclusion:Prolonged daily sitting time was associated with increased body fat among U.S.adults.The higher body fat associated with 6 h/day sitting may not be offset by achieving recommended levels of physical activity.

Effects of interrupting prolonged sitting on postprandial glycemia and insulin responses:A network meta-analysis

Purpose:This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of physical activity(PA)interrupting prolonged sitting(PS)on postprandial glycemia and insulin responses among adults.Methods:PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,CINAHL,PsycINFO,and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched through September 30,2020.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that examined the effect of all forms of PA interrupting PS on postprandial glycemia and/or insulin responses among adults without chronic diseases were included in this study.The risk of bias of included studies was evaluated based on the Cochrane tool.A network meta-analysis was performed to estimate the summary standardized mean differences(SMDs)with 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)with random effects.Results:Thirty crossover RCTs were included in our review.These RCTs included 9 types of interventions that interrupted PS.When compared to PS by itself,light-intensity PA intermittent interrupting(LPA-INT)PS and moderate-intensity PA intermittent interrupting(MPA-INT)PS significantly lowered postprandial glycemia(SMD=-0.46,95%CI:-0.70 to-0.21;SMD=-0.69,95%CI:-1.00 to-0.37,respectively)and significantly reduced postprandial insulin response(SMD=-0.46,95%CI:-0.66 to-0.26;SMD=-0.47,95%CI:-0.77 to-0.17,respectively).Results of the clustered ranking plot indicated that MPA-INT was the most effective intervention in lowering postprandial glycemia and insulin responses.Conclusion:Replacing PS with MPA-INT or LPA-INT has a positive effect in reducing postprandial glycemia and insulin responses,with MPA-INT being the optimal intervention strategy.

ANFIS-PID Control FES-Supported Sit-to-Stand in Paraplegics: (Simulation Study)

Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) controller was designed to control knee joint during sit to stand movement through electrical stimuli to quadriceps muscles. The developed ANFIS works as an inverse model to the system (functional electrical stimulation (FES)-induced quadriceps-lower leg system), while there is a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller in the feedback control. They were designated as ANFIS-PID controller. To evaluate the ANFIS-PID controller, two controllers were developed: open loop and feedback controllers. The results showed that ANFIS-PID controller not only succeeded in controlling knee joint motion during sit to stand movement, but also reduced the deviations between desired trajectory and actual knee movement to ±5°. Promising simulation results provide the potential for feasible clinical application in the future.

Site Suitability Evaluation for Sustainable Distribution of Hospital Using Spatial Information Technologies and AHP: A Case Study of Upper Egypt, Aswan City

Site selection for location of a hospital is one of the crucial policy-related decisions taken by the government. In upper Egypt, the cities suffer from a shortage and bad distribution of hospital site. The selection of the appropriate hospital site requires consideration of multiple alternative solutions and evaluation factor. We develop a Multi-Criteria Decision Support System (MCDSS) process that combines Geographical Information System (GIS) analysis with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and use this process to determine the optimum site for a new hospital in the Aswan urban area. Based on actual conditions Aswan city, we used three main factors and seven sub-factors. The main factors are urban, environmental and economic factors. An application adopting AHP process was developed to calculate weights of every factor. Spatial analysis in GIS was used to overlay and generate factors maps and suitability evaluation map. All maps are classified from 1 (low suitable) to 5 (high suitable) using spatial information technologies. The candidate sites are divided by best, good and unsuitable hospital areas. Best hospital site represents optimal sites;good hospital site can be used as back-up candidate sites. The study was found that best area (S3) is about 30%, and most of these are located in the south part of the study area;good area (S2) is about 58%, and most of these are located in the central part of the study area;unsuitable area (S1) is about 12%, and most of these are located in the Eastern and Western parts of the study area. Finally, the study ends with an assessment of proposed sites.

Effect of PKD1L1 Mutation on its Interaction with PKD2 to Cause Situs Inversus Totalis

Situs inversus totalis(SIT)is a rare homozygous recessive disease caused by the mutation in PKD1L1,which is required for normal interaction with PKD2 and leads to different complications such as respiratory disorders,brain disorders and even obesity.The present study was designed to find out the mutational effect on the binding of PKD2 with mutated PKD1L1,which leads to SIT.The three-dimensional(3D)structure of wild type and mutated PKD1L1 was predicted with>90%confidence using different online tools.The different online tools that were employed were SWISS-MODEL,Phyre2(normal&intensive)and i-TASSER.To compute the physiochemical properties of PKD1L1(wild&mutated)and PKD2 in silico approaches were employed using the ExPASy ProtParam tool.Physicochemical properties such as molecular weight,isoelectric point,the total number of negatively and positively charged residues,extinction coefficient,half-life,instability and aliphatic index,grand average of hydropathicity,and amino acid percentage were calculated.A lot of variability was observed in these parameters among PKD1L1 and PKD2,which accounted for diversification in their functional properties.The theoretical pI points showed that PKD1L1(whole)is more basic with 6.64 pI compared to its first chain TOPO_DOM(amino acids from 1–1748)has a pI of 5.62 which means it is basic while PKD2 have the lowest pI point of 5.34.Docking was performed using the PatchDock and ClusPro online tools.

Too Much Sitting

Do you spend many hours of the day siting?When you sit,you use less energy than you do when you are active.Siting toomuch hurts yourback,and it's bad for your heart it causes you to gain weight and may even increase your risk of cancer.How can you avoid siting too much?Every 30minutes,move and stretch.Better on thephone orwatch TV.

基于LabVIEWSIT的过程控制系统仿真

首先介绍了虚拟仪器软件LabVIEW及simulation interface toolkit(SIT),利用LabVIEW的可视化技术,直观、生动地模拟工业系统的运行状况,可以使仿真具有更好的效果.LabVIEWSIT可以快速地将LabVIEW与Matlab/Simulink结合进行系统的仿真.以一个二阶液位过程控制系统为例介绍了基于LabVIEW SIT的过程控制系统仿真的设计.

基于ULCIZ和SIT的罗非鱼耐寒性能测定模型

本文针对单一Logistic模型的不足之处,分析冷伤害上限温度(ULCIZ)、伤害低温总和(SIT)和双变量Logistic回归模型在罗非鱼低温耐寒性能研究中应用的可能性和优点,并根据罗非鱼低温胁迫试验的本身特点对其进行了改进。

SIT耐压容量的控制和工艺调节

对静电感应晶体管（ＳＩＴ）栅－漏、栅－源击穿电压的控制和工艺调节方法进行了探讨，对栅－源连通和栅－漏耐压的钳位问题进行了分析。

桔小实蝇及其SIT防治技术应用研究进展

桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis原产于东南亚,是我国重要的检疫性有害生物。综述了桔小实蝇各虫态发育特性及行为偏好特性,并对SIT防治技术的应用进行了概括,为更好地防治桔小实蝇和应用SIT防治技术提供参考。

特异性免疫疗法(SIT)与卡介苗多糖核酸联合治疗花粉症的临床研究

目的探讨卡介苗多糖核酸(BCG-PSN)在花粉症特异性免疫治疗中的作用。方法对比卡介苗多糖核酸与SIT联合治疗花粉症和单用SIT治疗花粉症的临床疗效,并比较治疗前后血清中IFN-γ、IL-4和ICAM-1含量的变化。结果联合治疗组总有效率为89.1%。SIT组总有效率为76.4%,联合治疗组血清中三种细胞因子水平的变化更明显。结论联合治疗组的有效率明显优于SIT组,卡介苗多糖核酸与SIT合用能够明显提高花粉症SIT疗效。

高增益硅超高频功率SIT

采用全自对准介质盖栅工艺，通过合理设计，研制成功一种高增益硅超高频功率ＳＩＴ。在４００ＭＨｚ工作频率、５０Ｖ工作电压下，其输出功率Ｐｏ为４０Ｗ，漏极效率η＿Ｄ接近６０％，功率增益Ｇｐ高达１６ｄＢ。Ｐｏ＝２５Ｗ时，三阶交调３ＩＭ为－１６ｄＢ；Ｐｏ＝２．５Ｗ时，３ＩＭ为－５０ｄＢ。

桉树焦枯病菌SIT转运蛋白的鉴定与表达

【目的】揭示SIT转运蛋白家族在焦枯病菌铁元素摄入机制,以及铁载体-铁转运蛋白在焦枯病菌侵染桉树过程中所扮演的角色。【方法】采用HMMER软件对焦枯病菌SIT转运蛋白进行鉴定,并用InterPro、TMHMM、TCDB数据库等的在线服务对焦枯病菌SIT转运蛋白的结构域、跨膜螺旋和功能进行预测,用MEGA7.0软件进行多菌种比较分析,最后采用qPCR对焦枯病菌侵染桉树48h时SIT基因的转录表达情况进行验证。【结果】桉树焦枯病菌共含有16个SIT转运蛋白,约占总编码蛋白的0.11%,主要分为铁-铁载体转运蛋白、铁载体-铁:H+同向转运蛋白和铁载体-铁转运蛋白;亚细胞定位预测结果显示,除预测CpSit13转运蛋白位于内质网上外,其余均在细胞膜上。桉树焦枯病菌SIT转运蛋白的序列长度为400～603aa,其结构域均为MFS结构域,跨膜螺旋为10～14个。基因表达谱分析显示,有10个SIT基因上调表达,有2个下调表达,有4个表达不显著。其中CpSit1、CpSit5、CpSit8、CpSit14和CpSit16相对分支中其他基因具有较高的转录量。qPCR验证结果与基因表达谱具有较高的一致性。【结论】CpSit1、CpSit5、CpSit8、CpSit14和CpSit16基因在焦枯病菌侵染桉树过程中具有较为重要的作用。

静电感应晶体管(SIT)电性能的控制

静电感应晶体管（SIT）的I－V特性（包括类三极管、类五极管以及三一五极管的混合特性）与器件的结构密切相关．沟道长度lc、沟道宽度dc、比值lc／dc以及沟道掺杂浓度ND等均为确定SIT运用方式的重要参数．如何控制这些参数并达到最佳匹配进而实现优良的I－V特性，是个关键而且困难的问题．本文给出了上述参数控制的一般原则、方法，还给出了控制的判据，引人了一个控制因子β，特别是对混合特性的控制问题进行了详细的讨论．由于混合特性低的通态电阻和高的AC功率效率，它更为适于低阻负载直接驱动电路．

从SIT学习项目看对外汉语教学速成教材的编写

本文从最近十年间出版的对外汉语教学速成教材中选取了六本较有代表性的教材,根据六本教材的课文数、词汇量、语音、语法点、功能项目、汉字词汇知识点、练习种类七个方面在SIT学习项目中的适应情况作出分析与比较。以期对新的对外汉语教学速成教材的编写提供借鉴。

基于SIT引力评价的多核中心区半极化结构研究

随着城市中心区规模尺度的不断扩展,在公共服务设施持续集聚及空间不平衡机制作用下,中心区内部会形成多个不同规模、功能及区位特征的硬核,而多硬核的格局一旦形成,便会存在相互间的作用力与竞争关系。这一作用力受空间、业态及交通条件的影响与制约,并具有动态性的特征,使得中心区始终处于整体上极化集聚,而内部结构不断变化的半极化结构状态。文章在深入剖析空间、业态及交通3个因素作用机制的基础上,构建了SIT引力评价模型,对中心区硬核间的结构关系进行评价。评价结果可以直接反映出中心区硬核间的功能结构关系,并对硬核未来的功能结构演替进行预测在此基础上,以南京市新街口中心区为例进行了研究,应用SIT引力评价模型对其功能结构现状及发展进行了评判。

SITS在实验性心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤中的作用

目的阐明SITS所产生的心肌保护作用。方法建立缺氧/复氧损伤(A/R)模型及SITS预适应模型,测定心肌细胞的搏动频率、细胞存活率以及细胞培养液中LDH的变化。结果SITS预处理能明显提高A/R损伤后细胞存活率,减少LDH的漏出,与A/R组相比均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论SITS预处理对心肌细胞A/R具有保护作用。此研究为寻找特异性阻断剂,探讨心肌保护药物的新靶点提供理论与实验依据。

基于SIT与Duffing振子的微弱信号混沌检测

利用Duffing振子对特定微弱正弦信号极其敏感以及对噪声免疫的特性,可以将微弱正弦信号引入系统中,根据混沌系统相轨迹的变化将噪声覆盖的微弱正弦信号检测出来。而通过LabVIEW与Matlab/Simulink混合编程,则能实现两者相互通讯、优势互补。利用LabVIEW仿真接口工具包SIT实现混沌微弱信号的检测,检测精度高达-143dB,交互界面更加友好,操作简单易行。