Research on Wireless Monitoring Technology of the Well Site Environment

Based on the characteristics of wireless communication technology and Wireless Sensor Network, this paper studies the well site environmental monitoring system. The relevant hardware and software of the system are designed to monitor the well site environment, thus preventing downhole accidents. The system uses the wireless ZigBee technology as the transmission mode, and combines the virtual instrument technology to design the upper machine interface. The test results show that the system can monitor the outdoor environment in real time. When the environmental parameters exceed the set value, the corresponding location of the LabVIEW interface will send an alarm.

Paleosalinity in the Tianluoshan site and the correlation between the Hemudu culture and its environmental background

Paleosalinity records of the Tianluoshan site are derived from measurations data of clay mineral, boron, strontium, barium, after field sampling in three profiles of the Tianluoshan site. The relative sea level changes are discussed according to the lab results. The record indicates that the region where the Tianluoshan site located has witnessed at least three times of relative sea level high-stand before, during and after the Hemudu period. Based on previous researches, this paper also focuses on discussing several environmental elements, the inter-relationships between environmental condition, human activities and development of the Hemudu culture comprehensively.

Impact of Holocene environmental change on temporal-spatial distribution of Neolithic sites in Huaihe River Basin, Anhui Province

The Huaihe River basin of Anhui is not only a transitional zone of physical geography, but also a convergent area of many cultures in China. It is one of the sensitive ecotones to global changes and the birthplace of Chinese civilization. Using the field archaeological data and the sporo-pollens and the age data of the drilling cores, we analysed Neolithic cultural development and environmental evolution in the Huaihe River basin of Anhui. According to the combination of some research results in archaeology with environmental evolution research, this paper discusses the relationship between culture and environment in the Huaihe River basin of Anhui. The Neolithic cultural development was strongly impacted by the environmental change. The primitive culture （Shishanzi） was developed in the beginning of the Holocene Megathermal Period with distinct regional feature of the culture. From 6.5 kaBP to 5.5 kaBP, the climate changed warmer and wetter. The frequent occurrence of flood and waterlog due to such a climate regime and high sea level caused the earth＇s surface environment deteriorated in the Huaihe River basin of Anhui and the interruption of the Neolithic cultural development, hence a lack of archaeological sites. From 5.5 kaBP to 4.0 kaBP, the climate changed from wet to dry, the natural environment was propitious to human survival. Dawenkou Culture and Longshan Culture flourished in this period. The Neolithic cultural development, the number of the sites and their distribution characteristics of the sites in the study area differed apparently from those in Central China and Shandong Province.

Geo-environmental Investigations for the Suitability of TSDF Site

A geo-environmental investigation is carried out to identify the suitability for treatment,storage and disposal facility(TSDF) in the industrial area at Perundurai,Tamilnadu(India).State industries promotion corporation of Tamilnadu(SIPCOT), Perundurai is a fast growing industrial centre therefore,needs a common utility i.e.TSDF site for safe management of the industrial wastes.

Environmental archaeology on Longshan Culture （4500-4000 aBP） at Yuhuicun Site in Bengbu, Anhui Province

Based on the samples collected from the west wall of the ABYT2004 at Yuhuicun Site in Bengbu, Anhui Province, the multi-environmental substitute indexes such as the grain-size, Rb/Sr, zircon crystal morphology and magnetic susceptibility were analyzed. The age of archaeological strata was determined by AMS^14C dating. According to the results, combined with the information of the ancient human activities and the cultural heritage data obtained from the Longshan cultural archaeological strata, it can be concluded that （1） Before 4500 aBP, the climate was humid and water level was high in the Huaihe River and its tributaries, the drainage basin and its surrounding areas were even flooded, so the site area was submerged and there were no human activities around the site. （2） About 4500 aBP, the climate began to become drier and water level of the Huaihe River and its tributaries began to decline, thus floodplain gradually appeared, Yuhuicun Site and Longshan Culture began to appear. （3） Around 4100 aBP, the climate was humid and rainfall was abundant, which resulted in frequent flood disasters in the whole Huaihe River Basin. （4） After 4100 aBP, the climate gradually transited to be cold and dry, agricultural production was constrained to reduce the food source, Yuhuicun Site was almost abandoned. （5） The environmental information in sedimentary strata and historical records based on ancient books agree with each other. In addition, Yuhuicun Site was related to Dayu Zhishui （Yu the Great in taming the floods） in ancient books.

Phytocenoses at Environments Contact Sites as Proxies of Climate Dynamics with Time (East Siberia, Russia)

Usage of methods for determination of long-term trends of the dynamics of vegetation formation on the background of climate changes becomes more and more important at modern stage of the assessment of natural systems development. This causes to researchers a series of problems from choice of conceptual base to notions and terms of the processes identified and of state of vegetation of different environments. Solution of such a task results inevitably in necessity to correct the understanding of existing processes occurring in the vegetation cover. It allows establishing a direction of their development in the system of natural factors of any territory. As a result, we have base for determination of age, site and role of current state of phytocenoses in successional systems. It is necessary for this to reveal the peculiarities of phytocenoses composition and formation due to climate dynamics and to determine a period of ecosystems homeostasis, especially for phytocenoses of contact natural conditions. Optimal values of phytocenoses diversity, like one of whole biosystems, depend on the amount of resource in the environment, on stability degree and on evolutional development of cenoses due to ecological, micro-evolutional and evolutional processes.

Benefits of Environmental Site Assessment Standards in China

1.Preface As the fast paced Chinese economy brings more and more direct and indirect affects into ourlives,environmental protection has become one ofthe most popular subjects of recent times.

场地可持续性设计行动计划SITES引介

可持续场地行动计划SITES是美国风景园林设计师协会于2005年正式启动的研究计划;简介了主要的研究机构美国风景园林设计师协会、伯德约翰逊夫人野花研究中心和美国国家植物园;详细介绍了SITES的研究历程、理论基础与原则、评级体系与指南等主要内容;就其在社会、经济因素的评价尝试、兼顾规划与设计和绩效评价方法等方面进行了讨论。

Spatial Identification of Potential Dump Disposal Sites for Effective Waste Management in the Sunyani Municipality, Ghana

One daunting task faced by waste managers is to appropriately identify safe sites for waste disposal and this study combined expert knowledge, field observations and GIS-based modelbuilder to model and identify suitable dumpsites. Overview of the study area confirmed the random siting of dumpsites that poses threat to environmental safety. Land use and land cover classification produced an overall accuracy of 81.97% with kappa coefficient = 0.78, which was employed in the suitability search criteria. Other key derived parameters vital for safe dumpsite locations were distances to catchment > 100 m, distances to water bodies > 100 m, soil characteristics—clayey, topology (slope of 2 and 4) and geology—Granitoids. The weightings (%) obtained for the key parameters were: water = 32, connection to catchment area = 28, topology = 23, soil = 10 and geology = 7. The exclusion criteria and suitability analysis, based on assigned suitable values from the key weighted parameters in the modelbuilder, produced a map of potential waste disposal sites rating them as most suitable, suitable and less suitable for the Sunyani Municipality. The model for the site identification could be used as a guideline to provide first and quick impression on potential waste disposal sites for stakeholders in waste management. The suitable sites give an indicator for sites with the least possible environmental impact. The study however recommends that for specific locations, further in-depth research be done to suit site-specific conditions in order to improve accuracy.

A Geospatial Analysis of Mycenaean Habitation Sites Using a Geocumulative versus Habitation Approach

In this study GIS and spatial analysis were applied in order to thoroughly examine possible relationships between the location of Mycenaean (16th - 11th c. BC) settlements in Messenia and the geomorphological characteristics of the area of their establishment. The idea lying behind this attempt is that the Mycenaeans would not have established their habitation sites randomly but according to decisive criteria, among which geomorphological characteristics played an important role. Such criteria include land aspect, terrain slopes, the hydrographic network and the geology of the area, all significant factors which need to be taken into consideration in order to evaluate the choice of settlement establishment. The combination of all available geological and environmental data with archaeological records provides a better view of the way local environments were built up in the past in association with the human site exploration and habitation;this view, hereafter defined as the Geocumulative versus Habitation (GCH) approach, constitutes the axis of the present study. The results of the study show a clear tendency in choosing settlement locations according to GCH criteria, resulting in a preference for flat to low-lying ground, in an environmentally friendly orientation (with environmental conditions such as protection from the north wind and at the same time profit by the sunlight), facilitating exploitation of local geological resources and of the hydrographic network.

关中盆地新石器时期水沟遗址人类活动与自然地理环境适宜性研究

本研究通过对关中盆地西部新石器时期水沟遗址人类活动的灰坑、文化层、房址、陶窑和陶器等遗迹、遗物做了详细的梳理分析,理解区域古人类活动的特征,系统地开展水沟文化层剖面环境磁学和AMS14C年代学研究,恢复该区全新世以来气候变化和古人类活动历史,结果表明:水沟新石器时期古人类活动时间为全新世中期5 530~4 300 a B.P.的气候适宜期,其文化发展处在寒冷干燥向温暖湿润转换的过渡阶段。在GIS空间分析技术支持下提取影响水沟遗迹分布的海拔、坡度、坡向和距水源距离因子,构建指数模型,分析新石器时期水沟遗址古人类活动的自然地理环境适宜性分布规律,主要集中在海拔900~960 m,坡度小于6°,坡向朝南,距水源距离小于200 m的自然环境条件优越的区域,并进一步探讨了古人类活动对环境变化的响应与适应的过程和机制。

“双碳”背景下钢铁新产线选址的环境结合度评价——以中国宝武为例

为准确测度“双碳”(即碳达峰、碳中和的合称)背景下具体工业门类选址与环境体系的结合发展实效,通过研究钢铁新产线的选址取向及环境关切转变,提出新产线选址的环境结合度评价框架。通过数据包络分析(Data Envelopment Analysis,DEA)模型计算环境-经济效率,通过动态综合评价模型揭示时间序列上效率的变化特征,以构建一套钢铁新产线选址的环境结合度评价方法,进而对中国宝武钢铁集团部分生产基地开展实证分析。评价结果为上海宝山基地的环境结合度最高。研究表明:环境结合度是“双碳”背景下钢铁新产线向既有基地选址时主要的环境关切,而环境结合度的评价框架和评价方法可有效表征连续时间序列上既有基地与所在城市环境体系的互促共进态势,对大型钢企未来选址新产线具有一定指导作用。

不同土地利用方式下的场地土壤环境容量评价

从土壤功能和环境风险的角度出发,结合我国具体实际,对场地土壤的不同土地利用方式进行分类,以人体健康、地下水安全、土壤生物为敏感受体,研究在不同土地利用方式下基于不同敏感受体的综合土壤环境阈值计算方法,构建场地土壤环境容量的评价方法.在此基础上,以重金属Cd为模式污染物,计算了我国红壤区不同土地利用方式下的土壤环境容量,对场地土壤环境容量的评价方法进行验证.公园用地、居住用地、工矿用地和商服用地的土壤Cd环境容量分别为11.68kg/hm^(2)、28.89kg/hm^(2)、40.84kg/hm^(2)和40.84kg/hm^(2).本研究为基于不同敏感受体的场地土壤的环境阈值和环境容量评估提供了参考方法和案例,为场地土壤环境容量的评价奠定科学基础,对提升我国场地土壤的环境管理水平具有重要意义.

某化工场地土壤有机污染及环境风险研究

为深入研究和探讨废弃化工场地的有机污染现状和环境风险问题,本文选择河北邯郸某化工场地,开展场地及周边区域的污染判别和分析,确定重点关注区、次重点关注区和一般关注区,进行针对性的不同深度土壤样品采集,分析土壤中重金属、挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)、半挥发性有机化合物(SVOCs)和总石油烃类等污染物质的含量,综合研究土壤污染的现状情况和空间分布特征,运用污染物苯、人体接触污染介质、污染物苯的迁移途径、污染物的接触方式等要素的污染评估模型,经污染物暴露计算模型、污染物毒性评估模型、风险计算模型进行综合建模研究,确定挥发性有机物(VOCs)苯存在较大的致癌环境风险,研究苯污染物环境传输模型和迁移规律。该研究为污染场地环境风险研究提供技术研究思路,也为污染场地开展风险评估、土壤治理和土地利用规划提供基础依据,实现污染土地的环境安全再利用。

整体环境观视角下巴渝地区衙署选址研究

衙署作为中央在地方实现政权传达的载体,其营建需权衡既定规制并观照在地“形胜”以循势平衡.巴渝地区衙署选址便在多山多水的自然条件与博采融汇的人文情境影响下展现鲜明地域特色.通过田野调查、文献稽考与图示分析等方法,以整体环境观视角梳理巴渝衙署选址的自然人文环境背景,分析其受风水学说与山地观念、礼法规范与权力象征、防御思维与时局意识的三大因素影响,归纳了巴渝地区衙署观照山水下适应性落位、礼教规制下在地化因循、因战事需要防御式转变的选址智慧,总结出其选址经历因应外界条件与主动参与城市形塑的“地文”系统组织过程规律.整体环境观视角下巴渝地区衙署的选址研究还提示着其遗存保护或遗址复建工作应形成统筹古城形态与山水风景资源的工作路径.

月球科研站关键区域智能选址及其典型环境要素分析

为服务未来国际月球科研站(ILRS)任务,搜索到符合科学目标和工程安全要求的探测区域,开展了着陆探测智能选址,以及着陆区典型要素和巡视可达性的综合分析。在着陆选址方面,基于1D-CNN选址模型在南极Scott M的西南侧遴选并划定了4个预选着陆区;针对着陆区关键要素,对实时光照和辐射、物理温度剖面、水冰赋存等环境特征进行了遥感探测与精细分析;针对巡视可达评估,采用顾及能量耗费的路径规划模型,评估预选着陆区中心点至潜在水冰点的巡视可达性。结果表明,预选着陆区均满足着陆适宜性,具有地形安全性高、供能高等特征。该研究的综合分析方法也可用于评估其他潜在着陆区的典型环境特征,为ILRS的着陆选址和科学目标巡视探测提供有益参考。

中国抽水蓄能发展形势和展望

加快发展抽水蓄能是构建以新能源为主体的新型电力系统的迫切要求,是保障电力系统安全稳定运行的重要支撑。综合分析了中国抽水蓄能发展的现状、资源分布特点、发展形势、发展定位及其综合效益。在政策研究的基础上,通过分析国际和国内发展现状及趋势,指出抽水蓄能在支撑风、光、核等能源大规模开发、提升电力系统灵活调节能力方面具有重要作用和价值。站点资源普查分析表明,全国共普查出资源站点1500余个,普查站点资源总规模达16亿kW/100亿kW·h。在发展定位方面,指出抽水蓄能对建设新型电力系统、构建风光蓄大型基地和流域水风光一体化基地、规模化拉动经济发展和促进乡村振兴具有重要支撑意义。结合环境效益和综合效益评估,全面论述了抽水蓄能在减少二氧化碳排放、促进电力系统安全稳定运行和经济社会发展方面的重要作用。最后,展望了抽水蓄能行业未来发展的方向,并提出了相应的行业发展建议。相关成果可为中国抽水蓄能产业高质量发展提供理论支撑和实践指导。

美国场地土壤筛选值研究及其对中国土壤环境基准研究的启示

土壤环境基准是土壤环境标准和土壤环境保护的基础。美国是世界上最早关注污染场地保护并开展土壤污染风险管控的国家之一,并形成了较为完善的体系,但我国在这方面还处于起步阶段。为此,本文以美国为例,综述其在土壤筛选值(SSLs)方面的研究,通过分析美国在土壤污染防治方面的法律法规和技术规范,系统梳理美国在SSLs方面的研究成果,从直接摄入、皮肤吸收、摄入污染地下水、吸入室外挥发物与颗粒物和蒸汽侵入5个方面阐述美国基于人体健康风险的SSLs制定的理论方法。在此基础上,为我国土壤环境基准研究提出了几点建议:进一步加强我国土壤环境基准研究工作,立足我国国情开展土壤环境基准研究,加强本土化参数研究和土壤环境基准研究规范化,以及协同开展土壤地下水环境基准研究,以期为我国土壤环境基准研究与制定提供参考。

我国污染场地风险管理制度地方标准规范的分析与展望

我国在土壤环境质量及污染场地风险筛选管理制度的立法上遵循“地方—国家—地方”路线,随着国家标准及技术规范体系的基本完善和土壤修复市场的快速发展,“十四五”期间我国地方污染场地风险筛选管理的立法进程大大加速。本文调研了2019~2023年间我国发布的污染场地风险筛选管理相关的省级或市级标准文件,包括土壤环境质量标准(筛选值)、技术规范、指导性文件3大类别。通过对比地方标准文件对国家标准或技术规范的补充规定,从土壤环境质量标准、风险评估程序、检测结果的统计分析3方面总结了现行地方标准立法的要点。基于现行地方标准文件的立法原则和方向,可为新时代下污染场地精细化风险评估、新污染物治理等方面的国家与地方立法提供参考。

净味沥青隧道施工现场烟气排放及环境影响评估

针对沥青路面施工现场烟气排放监测比较随意的情况,结合净味沥青在长大隧道热拌热铺沥青路面施工中对烟气减排的工程应用,研究沥青路面施工现场的烟气采集与测评方法,并对净味沥青减排效果进行评价。在摊铺机的不同位置,采用苏玛罐对沥青烟气进行采集,通过GC-MS气质联用仪对沥青烟气进行定量分析。结果表明:与同源非净味沥青相比,使用净味沥青进行路面施工时,在摊铺机边位、侧翼中位、摊铺机上位3个采集点,沥青烟挥发性有机气体的总质量浓度减排了57.0%、22.6%、27.4%。摊铺机边位处,净味沥青混合料的施工现场中,1、2类致癌物气体的总质量浓度减排了62.3%,且其恶臭强度仅为非净味沥青混合料的1/3左右。通过研究,建议在沥青路面施工现场的烟气排放监测中,采用摊铺机边位处的总挥发性有机物质量浓度、2类以上致癌物总质量浓度及恶臭强度作为关键的环境影响评价指标。