可持续场地倡议(SITES)评价体系在中国城市绿地建设中的研究进展及适用性讨论

建设可持续的城市绿地是风景园林行业实现可持续发展的重要途径。然而,中国目前缺乏指导可持续景观建设的标准体系。可持续场地倡议(SITES)体系的提出和引入为国内相关研究提供了新的切入点。以SITES评价体系为研究对象,概述其起源、主要内容等,明确其在城市绿地项目建设中的应用价值,全面总结了SITES评价体系在国内研究与应用方面的进展,同时深入探讨了其在中国城市绿地建设中的适用性和局限性。SITES在关注“场地”尺度、覆盖全生命周期、设置“门槛”条件以及全球统一标准等方面展现了较强的适用性,然而,在实际应用于中国城市绿地项目时存在一定的局限性,包括SITES标准与国内标准规范的不匹配,分值权重的失衡,缺乏政府相关福利政策支持和推广受限制等问题。

d-Orbital steered FeN_(4)moiety through N,S dual-site adjustation for zinc-air flow battery

The implementation of pristine covalent organic polymer(CO_(2)P)with well-defined structure as air electrode may spark fresh vitality to rechargeable zinc-air flow batteries(ZAFBs),but it still remains challenges in synergistically regulating their electronic states and structural porosity for the great device performance.Here,we conquer these issues by exploiting N and S co-doped graphene with COP rich in metal-ligand nitrogen to synergistically construct an effective catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Among them,the N and S co-doped sites with high electronegativity properties alter the number of electron occupations in the d orbital of the iron centre and form electron-transfer bridges,thereby boosting the selectivity of the ORR-catalysed four-electron pathway.Meanwhile,the introduction of COP materials aids the formation of pore interstices in the graphene lamellae,which both adequately expose the active sites and facilitate the transport of reactive substances.Benefiting from the synergistic effect,as-prepared catalyst exhibits excellent half-wave potentials(E_(1/2)=912 mV)and stability(merely 8.8%drop after a long-term durability test of 50000 s).Further,ZAFBs assembled with the N/SG@CO_(2)P catalyst demonstrate exceptional power density(163.8 mW cm^(-2))and continuous charge and discharge for approximately 140 h at 10 mA cm^(-2),outperforming the noble-metal benchmarks.

Implementation of a New Solution for the Preservation of Anatomical Specimens Made of Non-Toxic Substances

The preservation of anatomical pieces in Veterinary Anatomy is essential since it is not possible to dissect all domestic species. Most techniques use reagents with high levels of toxicity such as formaldehyde. The objective of this work was to develop a new preservation technique that uses reagents with zero toxicity and that allows obtaining preserved pieces suitable for anatomical studies. The alcohol propylene glycol technique was developed, the method of which uses a fixation step with alcohol, sodium chloride, commercial vinegar and subsequently the impregnation of the preservation solution made from propylene glycol and commercial vinegar, which are non-toxic. As a result of this work, adequately preserved sheep hearts were obtained that preserved their morphology with slight changes in size and weight, which did not affect their external and internal anatomical structure. Its coloration was not substantially affected, remaining a little lighter. The pieces obtained showed flexibility which allowed dissections to be carried out. The time to develop the technique was 20 days. A comparative study was carried out with the phenolated glycerin technique that uses toxic reagents (formaldehyde and phenol) and the pieces obtained with the alcohol propylene glycol technique were of better quality, observing that the pieces with phenolated glycerin tend to darken and are more rigid. And the time to develop the technique is 24 days. In conclusion, a preservation technique for anatomical pieces was developed that allowed the preservation of the organs under study, which allow their use for anatomical studies, and which have been preserved without changes until the time of this publication (8 months) and there are pieces preserved with this technique for 2 years.

Assessing the Spatial Equality of COVID Testing Sites Maintaining Zero COVID Policy

Rapid and timely testing is essential to minimize the COVID-19 spread. Decision makers and policy planners need to determine the equal distribution and accessibility of testing sites. This study mainly examines the spatial equality of COVID-19 testing sites that maintain a zero COVID policy in Guangzhou City. The study has identified the spatial disparities of COVID testing sites, characteristics of testing locations, and accessibility. The study has obtained information on COVID testing sites in Guangzhou City and population data. Point pattern analyses, Euclidian distance and allocation, and network analyses are the main methods used to achieve the research objectives, and 1183 total COVID testing sites can be recognized in Guangzhou City. Results revealed that spatial disparities could be noticed over the study area. Testing locations of Guangzhou City are highly clustered. The most significant testing sites are located in Haizhu District, which has the third largest population. The highest population density can be identified in Yuexiu District. However, only 94 testing sites are located there. According to all the results, higher disparities can be identified, and a lack of testing sites is located in the north part of the study area. Some people in the northern part have to travel more than 10 km to reach a testing site. Finally, this paper suggests increasing the number of testing sites in the north and south parts of the study area and keeping the same distribution, considering the area, total population, and population density. This kind of research will be helpful to decision-makers in making proper decisions to maintain a zero COVID policy.

Extracellular Vesicles from Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (imEVs) Improve Cold Preservation of Isolated Mitochondria

Mitochondrial organelle transplantation (MOT) is an innovative strategy for the treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction such as cardiac ischemic reperfusion injuries, Parkinson’s diseases, brain and spinal cord injuries, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, one of the major challenges for widespread usage is a methodology for preservation of isolated mitochondria. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are phospholipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles released from cells. EVs carry a cargo of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, metabolites, and even organelles such as mitochondria. Purpose: To test if EVs enhance the stability of isolated mitochondria. Methods: We mixed isolated mitochondria of fibroblasts with EVs of mesenchymal stromal cells (imEVs) (9:1 in volume) and stored the mixture at 2°C - 6°C for different time periods. We measured morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and mitochondrial ATP content at 0, 2, 5 days. Key findings: After 2 days of storage, the mito-chondria without imEVs lost approximate 70% MMP (RFU: 1822 ± 68), compared to the fresh mitochondria (RFU: 5458 ± 52) (p 0.05). In agreement with MMP, mitochondria without imEVs lost significant mitochondrial ATP content (p 0.05), after 2 days of cold storage, compared to fresh mitochondria. Microscopy showed that imEVs promoted aggregation of isolated mitochondria. Summary: The preliminary data showed that imEVs enhanced the stability of isolated mitochondria in cold storage.

Comparison of bone artifacts from the Schöningen site in Germany and the Lingjing site in China

Similarities play an important role in the reconstruction of human physical,cultural and technological evolution.The two sites presented in this paper,the Middle Palaeolithic site Lingjing in China Layer 10 and 11 and the Lower Palaeolithic site Schöningen 13Ⅱ-4,the socalled Schöningen Spear Horizon in Germany,show striking similarities.The archaeological record of both sites includes lithic artifacts as well as a very large assemblage of fossil bones.The preservation of the material at both sites is excellent and the faunas encountered at both sites show many similarities.The faunal lists of both sites include a diverse carnivore guild,an elephant species,two different rhinoceros species,two different equids,different cervids and large bovids.Both sites also yielded bone retouchers as well as a unique record of bone hammers that show identical,unusual flaking and percussion damage.These similarities are remarkable if one takes into account the difference in age(ca 200 kaBP)and the geographical distance between the two sites of ca 8000 km.Therefore,we do not assume a close cultural link between the hominin populations active at both sites.The authors assume that the observed similarities show more or less identical,opportunistic hominin behaviour at both sites located in a comparable environment with more or less similar taphonomic conditions.

Characteristics of Gold Mineralization at the Baguiomo Gold Panning Site, Koudougou Region, Burkina Faso, West Africa

The Birimian Baguiomo formations are located in the northern part of the Boromo greenstone belt. In this belt, the volcanic rocks (tholeiitic basalt, calcalkaline basalt, andesite) hosting the gold mineralization are located in the Kwademen-Baguiomo shear zone. This mineralization, located only a few kilometers from the Kwademen gold deposit, is uncharacterized and, together with the latter, could constitute a gold potential capable of being economically exploitable. It is in this sense that this work is carried out with a view to characterizing the gold mineralization of the Baguiomo gold panning site. To carry out this work, we have made direct field measurements, combined with microstructures, and combined all this with data from geochemical rock analysis of the basalts that are the main host formations. Geochemical data show that tholeitic basalts formed from a mantle plume that was emplaced in an oceanic plateau context. Calc-alkaline basalts and andesites are comparable to Paleoproterozoic tholeitic basalts (PTH3), which are slightly enriched in light rare earths. Fertility tests show that these basalts concentrate between 3 and 6 ppb of gold at the time of accretion, which is sufficient for remobilization of this primary gold during the Eburnian orogeny to yield a deposit of around 4 - 5 Moz. Gold mineralization is associated with pyrite crystals when the latter are disseminated in the rock mass, whereas it is associated with hematite in quartz veins concordant with S1 shear deformation. It is mainly the pyrite crystals in the pressure shadows that contain the gold grains, whose development would be synchronous with micro-shear zone reactivation during the first phase of D1B deformation. The second phase of D2B deformation, which is a crenulation or fracture schistosity, does not significantly affect the shear deformation that controls mineralization.

Brønsted-acid sites induced photocatalytic cracking of low-polarity polyethylene plastics

Polyolefins such as polyethylene(PE)are one of the largest-scale synthetic plastics and play a key role in modern society.However,polyethylene is extremely inert to chemical recycling owing to its lack of chemical functionality and low polarity,making it one of the most challenging environmental hazards globally.Herein,we developed a phosphorylated CeO_(2)catalyst by an organophosphate precursor and featured efficient photocatalysis of low-density polyethylene(LDPE)without the acid or alkaline pre-treatment.Compared to pristine CeO_(2),the surface phosphorylation allows to introduce Brønsted acid sites,which facilitate to form carbonium ions on LDPE via protonation.In addition,the suitable band structure of the phosphorylated CeO_(2)catalyst enables efficient photoabsorption and generates reactive oxygen species,leading to the C–C bond cleavage of LDPE.As a result,the phosphorylated CeO_(2)catalyst exhibited an outstanding carbon conversion rate of>94%after 48 h of photocatalysis under 50 mW/cm^(2)of simulated sunlight,with a high CO_(2)product selectivity of>99%.Furthermore,the PE microparticles with sizes larger than 10μm released from LDPE plastic wrap were directly and completely degraded by photocatalysis within 12 h,suggesting an attractive and environmentally benign strategy of utilizing solar energy-based photocatalysis for reducing potential hazards of LDPE plastic trashes.

An Analysis of the Fragmentation of Observing Time At the Muztagh-Ata Site

Cloud cover plays a pivotal role in assessing observational conditions for astronomical site-testing.Except for the fraction of observing time,its fragmentation also wields a significant influence on the quality of nighttime sky clarity.In this article,we introduce the functionΓ∈[0,1],designed to comprehensively capture both the fraction of available observing time and its continuity.Leveraging in situ measurement data gathered at the Muztagh-Ata site between 2017 and 2021,we showcase the effectiveness of our approach.The statistical result illustrates that the Muztagh-Ata site affords approximately 122 nights that were absolutely clear and 205 very good nights annually,corresponding toΓ≥0.9 andΓ≥0.36 respectively.

Apatite Fission Track Thermochronology of Granite from the Xiazhuang Uranium Ore Field,South China:Implications for Exhumation History and Ore Preservation

Xiazhuang uranium ore field,located in the southern part of the Nanling Metallogenic Belt,is considered one of the largest granite-related U regions in South China.In this paper,we contribute new apatite fission track data and thermal history modeling to constrain the exhumation history and evaluate preservation potential of the Xiazhuang Uranium ore field.Nine Triassic outcrop granite samples collected from different locations of Xiazhuang Uranium ore field yield AFT ages ranging from 43 to 24 Ma with similar mean confined fission track lengths ranging from 11.8±2.0 to 12.9±1.9μm and Dpar values between 1.01 and 1.51μm.The robustness time-temperature reconstructions of samples from the hanging wall of Huangpi fault show that the Xiazhuang Uranium ore field experienced a time of monotonous and slow cooling starting from middle Paleocene to middle Miocene(~60-10 Ma),followed by relatively rapid exhumation in the late Miocene(~10-5 Ma)and nearly thermal stability in the Pliocene-Quaternary(~5-0 Ma).The amount of exhumation after U mineralization since the Middle Paleogene was estimated as~4.3±1.8 km according to the integrated thermal history model.Previous studies indicate that the ore-forming ages of U deposits in the Xiazhuang ore field are mainly before Middle Paleocene and the mineralization depths are more than 4.4±1.2 km.Therefore,the exhumation history since middle Paleocene plays important roles in the preservation of the Xiazhuang Uranium ore field.

Incidences and Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infections in Koutiala, Mali

Purpose: This paper aims to assess the incidences and risk factors for surgical site (ISO) infections in the general surgery department of the Koutiala District Hospital. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective and descriptive study from August 1, 2017 to October 31, 2020 involving all patients who underwent laparotomy in the general surgery department of the Koutiala District Hospital. Patients who were not operated on and who did not have a laparotomy were not included. Age, sex, frequency, patient history, National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) index, time to occur, bacteriological test results and course of infection were analyzed. Results: Fifty patients were registered. The average age was 34.2 ± 21.2 years old. Eleven patients were 60 years old or older. The hospital incidence rate was 4.3% and the community incidence rate was 6.1 cases per 100,000 population. The concept of smoking was noted in 15 patients. Patients were operated on in emergency 84% of cases. Peritonitis was the most common initial lesion with 32% of cases. Our patients had an NNIS index greater than 0 in 84% of cases. The time to develop infection from the surgical site was less than 3 days in 8 patients (16% of cases). Depending on the depth of the infection, it was superficial (cutaneous) in 39 patients (78%) and deep (subcutaneous and organic) in 11 patients (22%). Escherichia coli was the most common germ with 72% followed by staphylococcus aureus at 24%. We noted 22% morbidity. The median length of hospitalization was 9 ± 2.2 days. Conclusion: ISO is common in our service. Prevention and mastery require knowledge of risk factors.

Boost the Utilization of Dense FeN_(4) Sites for High-Performance Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Iron-nitrogen-carbon(Fe-N-C)catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)in proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)have seriously been hindered by their poor ORR performance of Fe-N-C due to the low active site density(SD)and site utilization.Herein,we reported a melamine-assisted vapor deposition approach to overcome these hindrances.The melamine not only compensates for the loss of nitrogen caused by high-temperature pyrolysis but also effectively etches the carbon substrate,increasing the external surface area and mesoporous porosity of the carbon substrate.These can provide more useful area for subsequent vapor deposition on active sites.The prepared 0.20Mela-FeNC catalyst shows a fourfold higher SD value and site utilization than the FeNC without the treatment of melamine.As a result,0.20Mela-FeNC catalyst exhibits a high ORR activity with a half-wave potential(E_(1/2))of 0.861 V and 12-fold higher ORR mass activity than the FeNC in acidic media.As the cathode in a H_(2)-O_(2)PEMFCs,0.20Mela-FeNC catalyst demonstrates a high peak power density of 1.30 W cm^(-2),outstripping most of the reported Fe-N-C catalysts.The developed melamine-assisted vapor deposition approach for boosting the SD and utilization of Fe-N-C catalysts offers a new insight into high-performance ORR electrocatalysts.

Exploring the combination of biochar‐amended soil and automated irrigation technology for water regulation and preservation in green infrastructure

Biochar is a carbon sink material with the potential to improve water retention in various soils.However,for the long‐term maintenance of green infrastructure,there is an additional need to regulate the water contents in the covers to maintain vegetation growth in semiarid conditions.In this study,biochar‐amended soil was combined with subsurface drip irrigation,and the water preservation characteristics of this treatment were investigated through a series of one‐dimensional soil column tests.To ascertain the best treatment method specific to semiarid climatic conditions,the test soil was amended with 0%,1%,3%,and 5%biochar.Automatic irrigation devices equipped with soil moisture sensors were used to control the subsurface water content with the aim of enhancing vegetation growth.Each soil column test lasted 150 h,during which the volumetric water contents and soil suction data were recorded.The experimental results reveal that the soil specimen amended with 3%biochar is the most water‐saving regardless of the time cost.Soil with a higher biochar content(e.g.,5%)consumes a more significant amount of water due to the enhancement of the water‐holding capacity.Based on the experimental results,it can be concluded that the appropriate ratio can be determined within 1%–3%,which can reduce not only the amount of irrigated/used water but also the time cost.Such technology can be explored for water content regulation in green infrastructure and the development of barriers for protecting the environment around deep underground waste containment.

Quantitative Analysis of Seeing with Height and Time at Muztagh-Ata Site Based on ERA5 Database

Seeing is an important index to evaluate the quality of an astronomical site.To estimate seeing at the Muztagh-Ata site with height and time quantitatively,the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis database(ERA5)is used.Seeing calculated from ERA5 is compared consistently with the Differential Image Motion Monitor seeing at the height of 12 m.Results show that seeing decays exponentially with height at the Muztagh-Ata site.Seeing decays the fastest in fall in 2021 and most slowly with height in summer.The seeing condition is better in fall than in summer.The median value of seeing at 12 m is 0.89 arcsec,the maximum value is1.21 arcsec in August and the minimum is 0.66 arcsec in October.The median value of seeing at 12 m is 0.72arcsec in the nighttime and 1.08 arcsec in the daytime.Seeing is a combination of annual and about biannual variations with the same phase as temperature and wind speed indicating that seeing variation with time is influenced by temperature and wind speed.The Richardson number Ri is used to analyze the atmospheric stability and the variations of seeing are consistent with Ri between layers.These quantitative results can provide an important reference for a telescopic observation strategy.

The suitability assessment on site selection for bottom seeding scallop culture based on analytic hierarchy process

Scallop culture is an important way of bottom-seeding marine ranching,which is of great significance to improve the current situation of fishery resources.However,there are some problems in site-selection evaluation of marine ranching,such as imperfect criteria system,complex structure,untargeted criteria quantification,etc.In addition,no site-selection evaluation method of bottom-seeding culture areas for scallops is available.Therefore,we established a hierarchy structure model according to the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)theory,in which social,physical,chemical,and biological environments are used as main criteria,and marine functional zonation,water depth,current,water temperature,salinity,substrate type,water quality,sediment quality,red tide,phytoplankton,and zooplankton are used as sub-criteria,on which a multi-parameter evaluation system is set up.Meanwhile,the dualism method,assignment method,and membership function method were used to quantify sub-criteria,and a quantitative evaluation for the entire criteria was added,including the evaluation and analysis of two types of unsuitable environmental situations.By overall consideration in scallop yield,quality,and marine ranching construction objectives,the weight of the main criteria could be determined.Five grades in the suitability corresponding to the evaluation result were divided,and the Python language was used to create an evaluation system for efficient calculation and intuitive presentation of the evaluation outcome.Eight marine cases were simulated based on existing survey data,and the results prove that the method is feasible for evaluating and analyzing the site selection of bottom-seeding culture areas for scallops under various environmental situations.The proposed evaluation method can be promoted for the site selection of bottom-seeding marine ranching.This study provided theoretical and methodological references for the site selection evaluation of other types of marine ranching.

Surgical Site Infections in Trauma and Orthopaedics at Bouaké Teaching Hospital (Côte d’Ivoire)

Background: Surgical site infections are serious healthcare problems. The aim was to describe the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic aspects of surgical site infections in Trauma and Orthopaedics at Bouaké Teaching Hospital. Method: This retrospective, descriptive, and analytical study was conducted from January 2019 to December 31, 2021. The data studied included prevalence, initial lesions, type of surgical intervention, type of SSI, bacteria involved, treatment, and outcomes. Results: Forty-four (11%) of the 399 patients included in the study developed a surgical site infection. The mean age was 27 years, with 36 male and 8 female. Initial lesions were predominantly open fractures (n = 31;70%), with a mean delay of 48 hours for surgical management. Emergency interventions accounted for 70% (n = 31) of cases. The NNISS infection risk score was 1 in 80% (n = 35) of cases. Superficial infections (n = 34;77%) appeared early, on a mean 6 days postoperatively. Bacteriological analysis primarily identified Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 10;23%), sensitive to Imipenem and Chloramphenicol but resistant to Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, Ceftriaxone, Gentamicin, and Ciprofloxacin. Multidrug-resistant bacteria were found in 89% (n = 8) of cases, with all bacteria resistant to Ceftriaxone. Surgical revision was performed in 10 patients (23%), primarily involving debridement with hardware retention (n = 7;70%). Chloramphenicol was the most commonly used antibiotic post-antibiogram (61%). Outcomes were favourable in 98% of cases. Identified risk factors included the type of lesion according to NRC classification, the delay in managing open fractures, and the NNISS score. Conclusion: The prevalence of surgical site infection was 11%, favoured by the delayed operation of open fractures.

Trusted Certified Auditor Using Cryptography for Secure Data Outsourcing and Privacy Preservation in Fog-Enabled VANETs

With the recent technological developments,massive vehicular ad hoc networks(VANETs)have been established,enabling numerous vehicles and their respective Road Side Unit(RSU)components to communicate with oneanother.The best way to enhance traffic flow for vehicles and traffic management departments is to share thedata they receive.There needs to be more protection for the VANET systems.An effective and safe methodof outsourcing is suggested,which reduces computation costs by achieving data security using a homomorphicmapping based on the conjugate operation of matrices.This research proposes a VANET-based data outsourcingsystem to fix the issues.To keep data outsourcing secure,the suggested model takes cryptography models intoaccount.Fog will keep the generated keys for the purpose of vehicle authentication.For controlling and overseeingthe outsourced data while preserving privacy,the suggested approach considers the Trusted Certified Auditor(TCA).Using the secret key,TCA can identify the genuine identity of VANETs when harmful messages aredetected.The proposed model develops a TCA-based unique static vehicle labeling system using cryptography(TCA-USVLC)for secure data outsourcing and privacy preservation in VANETs.The proposed model calculatesthe trust of vehicles in 16 ms for an average of 180 vehicles and achieves 98.6%accuracy for data encryption toprovide security.The proposedmodel achieved 98.5%accuracy in data outsourcing and 98.6%accuracy in privacypreservation in fog-enabled VANETs.Elliptical curve cryptography models can be applied in the future for betterencryption and decryption rates with lightweight cryptography operations.

Foot and ankle surgery:Tourniquet placement site to cause as little postoperative pain as possible

There is controversy in the literature on where to place the tourniquet(thigh,calf,ankle)for foot and ankle surgery.While some authors prefer the ankle tourniquet to the calf tourniquet,others state that the surgeon can decide between using the thigh tourniquet or the ankle tourniquet,since there was no difference in postoperative pain between them.Where to place the tourniquet during foot and ankle surgery to cause the least possible postoperative pain to the patient as a result of the tourniquet is a common question in clinical practice.The reality is that,unfortunately,there is no consensus on this issue.Perhaps the only possible way to answer this question would be to conduct a comparative study with sufficient statistical power to reach scientifically sound conclusions.It does not seem easy to carry out such a study,but it would be important to be able to answer the question posed in the title of this Editorial once and for all.

Pd^(0)-O v-Ce^(3+) Interfacial Sites with Charge Redistribution for Enhanced Hydrogenation of Methyl Oleate to Methyl Stearate

Improving the efficiency of metal/reducible metal oxide interfacial sites for hydrogenation reactions of unsaturated groups(e.g.,C=C and C=O)is a promising yet challenging endeavor.In our study,we developed a Pd/CeO_(2) catalyst by enhancing the oxygen vacancy(O V)concentration in CeO_(2) through high-temperature treatment.This process led to the formation of an interface structure ideal for supporting the hydrogenation of methyl oleate to methyl stearate.Specifi cally,metal Pd^(0) atoms bonded to the O V in defective CeO_(2) formed Pd^(0)-O v-Ce^(3+)interfacial sites,enabling strong electron transfer from CeO_(2) to Pd.The interfacial sites exhibit a synergistic adsorption eff ect on the reaction substrate.Pd^(0) sites promote the adsorption and activation of C=C bonds,while O V preferably adsorbs C=O bonds,mitigating competition with C=C bonds for Pd^(0) adsorption sites.This synergy ensures rapid C=C bond activation and accelerates the attack of active H*species on the semi-hydrogenated intermediate.As a result,our Pd/CeO_(2)-500 catalyst,enriched with Pd^(0)-O v-Ce^(3+)interfacial sites,dem-onstrated excellent hydrogenation activity at just 30℃.The catalyst achieved a Cis-C18:1 conversion rate of 99.8% and a methyl stearate formation rate of 5.7 mol/(h·g metal).This work revealed the interfacial sites for enhanced hydrogenation reactions and provided ideas for designing highly active hydrogenation catalysts.

Surgical site infection following pancreaticoduodenectomy in a referral cancer center in Mexico

Background: Pancreaticoduodenectomy is the standard treatment for resectable periampullary cancer. Surgical site infections(SSI) are common complications with increased morbidity. The study aimed to describe the prevalence, risk factors, microbiology, and outcomes of SSI among patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in a referral cancer center between January 2015 and June 2021. We analyzed baseline patient characteristics and SSI occurrence. Culture results and susceptibility patterns were described. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine risk factors, proportional hazards model to evaluate mortality, and Kaplan-Meier analysis to assess long-term survival. Results: A total of 219 patients were enrolled in the study;101(46%) developed SSI. Independent factors for SSI were diabetes mellitus, preoperative albumin level, biliary drainage, biliary prostheses, and clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula. The main pathogens were Enterobacteria and Enterococci. Multidrug-resistance rate in SSI was high but not associated with increased mortality. Infected patients had higher odds of sepsis, longer hospital stay and intensive care unit stay, and readmission rate. Neither 30-day mortality nor long-term survival was significantly different between infected and non-infected patients. Conclusions: SSI prevalence among patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy was high and largely caused by resistant microorganisms. Most risk factors were related to preoperative instrumentation of the biliary tree. SSI was associated with greater risk of unfavorable outcomes;however, survival was unaffected.