The suitability assessment on site selection for bottom seeding scallop culture based on analytic hierarchy process

Scallop culture is an important way of bottom-seeding marine ranching,which is of great significance to improve the current situation of fishery resources.However,there are some problems in site-selection evaluation of marine ranching,such as imperfect criteria system,complex structure,untargeted criteria quantification,etc.In addition,no site-selection evaluation method of bottom-seeding culture areas for scallops is available.Therefore,we established a hierarchy structure model according to the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)theory,in which social,physical,chemical,and biological environments are used as main criteria,and marine functional zonation,water depth,current,water temperature,salinity,substrate type,water quality,sediment quality,red tide,phytoplankton,and zooplankton are used as sub-criteria,on which a multi-parameter evaluation system is set up.Meanwhile,the dualism method,assignment method,and membership function method were used to quantify sub-criteria,and a quantitative evaluation for the entire criteria was added,including the evaluation and analysis of two types of unsuitable environmental situations.By overall consideration in scallop yield,quality,and marine ranching construction objectives,the weight of the main criteria could be determined.Five grades in the suitability corresponding to the evaluation result were divided,and the Python language was used to create an evaluation system for efficient calculation and intuitive presentation of the evaluation outcome.Eight marine cases were simulated based on existing survey data,and the results prove that the method is feasible for evaluating and analyzing the site selection of bottom-seeding culture areas for scallops under various environmental situations.The proposed evaluation method can be promoted for the site selection of bottom-seeding marine ranching.This study provided theoretical and methodological references for the site selection evaluation of other types of marine ranching.

The environmental analysis and site selection of mussel and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas based on high resolution remote sensing

Mussel aquaculture and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas and their environmental characteristics in Zhoushan were analyzed using satellite data and in-situ surveys.A new two-step remote sensing method was proposed and applied to determine the basic environmental characteristics of the best mussel and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas.This methodology includes the first step of extraction of the location distribution and the second step of the extraction of internal environmental factors.The fishery ranching index(FRI1,FRI2)was established to extract the mussel and the large yellow croaker aquaculture area in Zhoushan,using Gaofen-1(GF-1)and Gaofen-6(GF-6)satellite data with a special resolution of 2 m.In the second step,the environmental factors such as sea surface temperature(SST),chlorophyll a(Chl-a)concentration,current and tide,suspended sediment concentration(SSC)in mussel aquaculture area and large yellow croaker aquaculture area were extracted and analyzed in detail.The results show the following three points.(1)For the extraction of the mussel aquaculture area,FRI1 and FRI2 are complementary,and the combination of FRI1 and FRI2 is suitable to extract the mussel aquaculture area.As for the large yellow croaker aquaculture area extraction,FRI2 is suitable.(2)Mussel aquaculture and the large yellow croaker aquaculture area in Zhoushan are mainly located on the side near the islands that are away from the eastern open waters.The water environment factor template suitable for mussel and large yellow croaker aquaculture was determined.(3)This two-step remote sensing method can be used for the preliminary screening of potential site selection for the mussels and large yellow croaker aquaculture area in the future.the fishery ranching index(FRI1,FRI2)in this paper can be applied to extract the mussel and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas in coastal waters around the world.

A preliminary site selection system for underground hydrogen storage in salt caverns and its application in Pingdingshan,China

Large‐scale underground hydrogen storage(UHS)provides a promising method for increasing the role of hydrogen in the process of carbon neutrality and energy transition.Of all the existing storage deposits,salt caverns are recognized as ideal sites for pure hydrogen storage.Evaluation and optimization of site selection for hydrogen storage facilities in salt caverns have become significant issues.In this article,the software CiteSpace is used to analyze and filter hot topics in published research.Based on a detailed classification and analysis,a“four‐factor”model for the site selection of salt cavern hydrogen storage is proposed,encompassing the dynamic demands of hydrogen energy,geological,hydrological,and ground factors of salt mines.Subsequently,20 basic indicators for comprehensive suitability grading of the target site were screened using the analytic hierarchy process and expert survey methods were adopted,which provided a preliminary site selection system for salt cavern hydrogen storage.Ultimately,the developed system was applied for the evaluation of salt cavern hydrogen storage sites in the salt mines of Pingdingshan City,Henan Province,thereby confirming its rationality and effectiveness.This research provides a feasible method and theoretical basis for the site selection of UHS in salt caverns in China.

Flexible nest site selection of the endangered Oriental Storks(Ciconia boyciana):Trade-off from adaptive strategies

Nest site selection is a vital component of bird reproduction success,and an adaptive behavior conducted to decrease nest predation risk with avoiding external disturbances.Understanding patterns of nest site selection can provide insights into how species adapt to changes in their habitat and has important conservation implications.In this study,we used microhabitat variables and multi-scale data with a field survey of nest occurrence to determine nest site selection patterns and adaptive strategies of the breeding Oriental Storks(Ciconia boyciana)in different nest areas.Results demonstrate that the nest site microhabitat characteristics of the breeding Oriental Storks significantly differed among the three nesting areas,and nest height was higher in the middle and lower Yangtze River floodplain than in the Northeast China and Bohai Bay nest areas.The food resources and intensity of human disturbance had the greatest effects on the nest site selection of the breeding Oriental Storks.The intensity of human disturbance was positively correlated with the nest height of the breeding Oriental Storks in Bohai Bay and the middle and lower Yangtze River floodplain;however,nest height decreased with the abundance of food resources in the Northeast China nest area.Our findings indicate that the nest site selection patterns of Oriental Storks showed flexible adaptive strategies.In safer environments,nests were lower and closer to food resources,which allows parent storks to invest more in the nestlings.However,in areas where human activity was intense,nests were higher to ensure the safety of their offspring.Some measures that could be taken to improve the breeding habitat of Oriental Storks include increasing the percentage of wetland areas in nesting areas to enhance food resources availability and setting artificial nests at suitable heights in potential nesting grounds to encourage nesting.Finally,the establishment of soft barriers around the nesting areas could increase the safety of nests.

Site Selection of Land Consolidation Project Based on Farmland Quality Evaluation in Yanjin County of Henan Province

In order to explore the effects of farmland quality evaluation on site selection of land consolidation projects,the methods of agricultural land use classification were used. Taking several project areas in Yanjin County of Henan Province as examples,the farmland quality before and after land consolidation projects was evaluated. The results indicate that under the conditions of reasonable site selection,the implementation of land consolidation projects can effectively improve the farmland quality and increase the grain productivity. Therefore,before the site selection for land consolidation projects,it is recommended to carry out pre-evaluation of farmland quality,and guide the project implementation according to the evaluation results. Besides,it is recommended to focus on medium and low level farmland with large centralized area,excellent original production conditions,but low level of development and use.

Application Study of Climatic Feasibility Demonstration of Airport Project Site Selection

According to the Technical Guide for Climatic Feasibility Demonstration of Airport Project Site Selection,via statistical analysis on historical climate data of reference weather station,climatic background characteristics and meteorological disaster situation of preselected site,and characteristics of seasonal distribution,interannual variation and long-term trend of main meteorological elements and disasters were summarized.The difference of meteorological elements between preselected site and reference weather station and its cause were analyzed,and fine analysis of fog,low visibility event,wind,cloud and other meteorological elements or weather with high influence in preselected site was conducted.Climatic feasibility,advantages and disadvantages of meteorological conditions and possible meteorological risks in preselected site were evaluated.The research could provide decision-making basis for site selection of Lingling Airport and airport engineering design.Moreover,key technology route and research results were extracted,and technical analysis process of demonstration report was integrated,which could provide reference for climate feasibility demonstration on site selection of similar airports in China.

Sanitary Landfill Site Selection Using Multi-criteria Analysis Evaluation:Case Study of Dibra Region,Albania

Landfill is a common solution for the final disposal of MSW(Municipal Solid Waste)in Albania.Landfill sitting is an extremely difficult task to accomplish because the site selection process depends on different factors and regulations.To ensure that an appropriate site is chosen,a systematic process should be developed and followed.In this study,10 candidate sites for an appropriate landfill area in Dibra Region are determined by using the MCE(Multi-criteria Evaluation).From the application of the exclusion criteria provided in the study methodology,it was able to find the best three alternatives.The statistical processing for the determination of the best place was accomplished through MCA(Multi-criteria Analysis)and Environmental Management,for three scenarios with different weights of criteria.The application of this method has led to the identification of the most suitable site for the construction of sanitary landfill in the Dibra Region.

Suitable Site Selection and Location Allocation of Solid Waste Col­lection Bin by Using Geographic Information Systems:A Case of Nekemte Town

The problem of environmental pollution and health hazards due to inappropriate solid waste disposal is critical in developing countries like Ethiopia,Nekemte town is one of the town in Ethiopia facing from environmental pollution due to lack of appropriate dumping site which leads pollution of surface and ground water and environment in and around dumping area.The key objective of this study was the selection of appropriate sites for disposal,solid waste using Geographic Information System tools.Selection the most suitable landfill site was determined through the integration of geographic information system tools,multi-criteria decision investigation and remote sensing techniques.To select a suitable landfill site several parameters were considered for example slope,constructed area,road,water bodies,land uses,geology and soil.After analysis of the suitability of a solid waste-dumping site used GIS tools,weighted analyzed methods selected 36 areas for medium solid waste Bins.Suitability map was prepared by overlay analyzed with GIS based Weighted Linear Combination analysis to select the suitable sites and assigned as the value as unsuitable,less suitable,moderately suitable,suitable and highly suitable were determined.Using this method selected,highly suitable areas for land fill and inclination area.

AHP with GIS for a Preliminary Site Selection of Wind Turbines in the North West of Jordan

The aim of this study was to identify potential sites for wind turbine in the North West of Jordan. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used in a novel approach to identify the potential sites for the wind turbine in the study area based on five physical criteria (Wind Speed, Rainfall, Slope, Altitude and Land use) that affect the wind turbine sites. The importance of each criterion was based on experts’ opinions. The ratings for each criterion were based on the available literature review. The consistency ratio between the experts’ opinions was evaluated using the pairwise comparison method and a final weight was computed for each criterion. A wind turbine suitability map was generated using the weighted linear combination (WLC) method within GIS environment. It was found that 45% of the study area has high and very high suitability for wind turbine. In conclusion, this research will contribute to the enhancement of the available renewable energy resources in Jordan if the selected sites will be utilized for wind turbine.

Site selection of self-driving and recreational vehicle camps in China:An investigation using analytic hierarchy process and entropy

Self-driving and recreational vehicle(RV)camps are a new form of industry module with the integration of transportation and tourism in China,thus the scientific and reasonable site selection plays an important role in the success of camps’construction and operation.In terms of relying resources and development factors,camps can be divided into five categories:scenic-spot-based,transportation-based,environment-based,project-based and leisure and vacation-based.According to whether it is of excludability and competitiveness,the camps in China mainly embody the attribute of private products.Based on the combination of subjective evaluation and objective calculation,the evaluation model of spatial site selection is constructed and the weight of each index is calculated by using analytic hierarchy process(AHP)method and entropy coefficient method.The results show that traffic condition factor is the priority to the selection of campsite,and whether it is on the popular main self-driving route and the grade of trunk roads are the dominant indices.The second factor taken into consideration is the social factors,in which government policy supports and land cost play a key role.The third factor is the market,in which the urban economic level,partnership with the government and tourist resource conditionsare of great importance.The fourth factor of the campsite selection includes natural elements,in which the quality of ecological environment and water source conditions are mostly considered.In the future,it is suggested that a camp pattern of"public goods"plus"private goods"should be built and the construction of camps in underdeveloped areas should be highly developed so as to form camp spatial network from individual points to a series of campsite and finally the campsite group in China will be set up.

Emergency airport site selection using global subdivision grids

The occurrence of large-magnitude disasters has significantly aroused public attention regarding diversified site selection of emergency facilities.In particular,emergency airport site selection(EASS)is highly complicated,and relevant research is rarely conducted.Emergency airport site selection is a scenario with a wide spatiotemporal range,massive data,and complex environmental information,while traditional facility site selection methods may not be applicable to a large-scale time-varying airport environment.In this work,an emergency airport site selection application is presented based on the GeoSOT-3D global subdivision grid model,which has demonstrated good suitability of the discrete global grid system as a spatial data structure for site selection.This paper proposes an objective function that adds a penalty factor to solve the constraints of coverage and the environment in airport construction.Through multiple iterations of the simulated annealing algorithm,the optimal airport construction location can be selected from multiple preselected points.With experimental verifications,this research may effectively and reasonably solve the emergency airport site selection issue under different circumstances.

Optimal site selection for a hospital using a fuzzy extended ELECTRE approach

About two thirds of the population in India lives in villages.There is an acute shortage of health centers in rural areas.Hospitals are not located uniformly across different regions of country.Rural areas are also not well connected with cities due to a lack of infrastructure.Therefore,the demand for super specialty hospitals is greater in rural areas.This paper has analyzed the health requirement in a prominent Indian state,Bihar,in terms of population density.The purpose of this study is to illustrate the hospital site-selection problem by using the fuzzy extended elimination and choice expressing reality(ELECTRE)approach.Different attributes considered for site selection in this paper are cost,proximity,population characteristics,availability of human resources,accessibility,environment,etc.The findings of the study will be of great value to the health ministry and policy makers in taking judicious decision s while selecting the site for a new hospital or health center.

Effects of mummy consumption on fitness and oviposition site selection on Harmonia axyridis

Intraguild predation(IGP)has been commonly reported between predators and parasitoids used as biological control agents as predators consuming parasitoids within their hosts.However,the effect of parasitoid-mummy consumption on the fitness of the predator and subsequent oviposition site selection have not been well studied.In our study,we conducted two laboratory experiments to examine the influence of Aphidius gifuen-sis Ashmead(Hymenoptera:Braconidae)mummies as prey on fitness and subsequently oviposition site selection of Harmonia axyridis(Pallas)(Coleoptera:Coccnellidae).Re-sults indicate that when H.aryridis was reared on A.gifiuensis mummies only,its larval development was prolonged,and body weight of the 4th instar larvae and newly emerged adults,and fecundity decreased.Moreover,H.axyridis did not exhibit oviposition pref-erence on plants infested with unparasitized aphids or aphids parasitized for shorter than 9 days.However,compared with plants with mummies(parasitized≥9 days),H.axryridis laid more eggs on plants with unparasitized aphids.In contrast,H.axryridis previously fed with A.gifuensis mummies did not show a significant oviposition preference between plants with unparasitized aphids and those with mummies(parasitized≥9 days).Overall,our results suggest that mummy consumption reduced the fitness of H.axyridis.Although H.axyridis avoided laying eggs on plants with A.gifuensis mummies,prior feeding ex-perience on A.gifuensis mummies could alter the oviposition site preference.Thus,in biological control practice,prior feeding experience of H.axyridis should be carflly considered for reduction of IGP and increase of fitness of H.axyridis on A.gifuensis.

A GIS-based methodology for safe site selection of a building in a hilly region

Worker safety during construction is widety accepted, but the selection of safe sites for a building is generally not considered. Safe site selection （SSS） largely depends upon compiling, analyzing , and refining the information of an area where a building is tikety to be tocated. The locationat and topographical aspects of an area located in hilly regions pray a major rote in SSS, but are generally neglected in traditional and CAD-based systems used for site setection. Architects and engineers select a site based on their judgment, knowledge, and experience, but issues related to site safety are generally ignored. This study reviewed the existing literature on site selection techniques, building codes, and approaches of existing standards to identify various aspects cruciat for SSS in hilly regions. A questionnaire survey was conducted to identify various aspects that construction professionats consider critical for SSS. This study exptored the apptication of geographic information systems （GIS） in modeting the locational and topographical aspects to identify areas of suitabitity. A GIS-based methodotogy for locating a safe site that satisfies various spatial safety aspects was devetoped.

Hybrid q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Sets Based CoCoSo Model for Floating Offshore Wind Farm Site Selection in Norway

Unlocking offshore wind farms’high energy generation potential requires a comprehensive multi-disciplinary analysis that consists of intensive technical,economic,logistical,and environmental investigations.Offshore wind energy projects have high investment volumes that make it essential to conduct extensive site selection to ensure feasible investment decisions that reduce the potential financial risks.Depending on the scenario and circumstances,a ranking of alternative offshore wind energy projects helps to prioritise the investment decisions.Decisionmaking algorithms based on expert knowledge can support the prioritisation and thus alleviate the work load for investment decisions in the future.The case study considered here is to find the best site for a floating offshore wind farm in Norway from four pre-selected alternatives:Utsira Nord,Stadthavet,Froyabanken,and Trana Vest.We propose a hybrid decisionmaking model as a combined compromised solution(CoCoSo)based on the q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets(q-ROFSs)including the weighted q-rung orthopair fuzzy Hamacher average(Wq-ROFHA)and the weighted q-rung orthopair fuzzy Hamacher geometric mean(Wq-ROFHGM)operators.In this model,the q-ROFSs based full consistency method(FUCOM)is introduced as a new methodology to determine the weights of the decision criteria.The results of the proposed model show that the best site among the investigated four alternatives is A1:Utsira Nord.A sensitivity analysis has verified the stability of the proposed decision-making model.

Eastern wild turkey nest site selection in two frequently burned pine savannas

Introduction:Reproductive success is a critical factor affecting avian demographics and can be influenced by many factors including nesting chronology,predation risk,and fine-scale nest site selection.Methods:We modeled the relative influences of habitat-related covariates at six spatial scales(nest site:15-,40-,80-,120-,160-,and 200-m radii)on Eastern wild turkey(Meleagris gallopavo silvestris)nest site selection in two pine savannas managed by frequent prescribed fire(≤3 years)in southwestern Georgia during 2011-2013.Results:Nest site(15-m scale)habitat metrics(mean visual obstruction[cm]and canopy closure[%])had the greatest influence on nest site selection relative to covariates measured at larger spatial scales.Scaled odds ratios suggested that nests were 26.8% more likely to occur for every 10 cm increase in mean vegetation height with a range of 7.5 to 150.0 cm and 18.5% less likely to occur for every 10% increase in canopy closure with a range from 0.0 to 97.8%.Total ground cover,canopy closure,edge density,and percent land cover type(e.g.,mature pine,mixed pine/hardwood,shrub/scrub)had minimal influence on nest site selection.Conclusions:Management of pine savannas for turkey nest sites should focus on creating early-successional vegetation to conceal nests from potential predators.Additionally,we suggest that future studies consider evaluating the influence of spatial scale on turkey nest site selection.

A UNIFIED FRAMEWORK FOR SITE SELECTION AND BUSINESS FORECASTING USING ANP

This paper reports an on-going application of the Analytic Network Process （ANP） in the context of a non-profit organization： The Latin American Studies Association （LASA）. This institution organizes a large international conference every eighteen months and needs to estimate conference attendance in advance （for logistic purposes） as well as selecting a host city where the combination of hotel infrastructure, conference costs, and so on, makes it a sound financial choice. In this paper, ANP will be used to： first, create a model to predict the relative number of attendees to the forthcoming 2009 LASA conference; and second, to create a Benefit-Cost-Risk （BCR） model to select the most suitable Latin American city as the conference site, This paper shows how the combination of these two ANP models, one for prediction and one for selection, can be used together for effective decision-making.

Municipal solid waste landfill site selection for the city of Sanliurfa-Turkey:an example using MCDA integrated with GIS

A municipal solid waste(MSW)management system needs solid waste management(SWM)techniques where the presence of a sanitary landfill is vital.One of the most important issues of sanitary landfilling is to locate the facility to an optimal location.Despite the versatility and case-dependent nature of conventional expert-based site selection procedures,the number of sites to be chosen increases with increased population forcing a number of constraints.Consequently,constraints and environmental regulations mechanically mask unsuitable areas,leaving very little areas to be assessed.This turns the situation into a challenging issue for a geographical information system(GIS)used with multicriteria decision analysis(MCDA),to select optimal site.The study aims to apply MCDA integrated with GIS to select possible sites of a MSW landfill with the same expert and same cognitive parameters while compared with the already present one.Results of this study revealed that conventional expert-based methods could not always evaluate all constraints at the same time and map reproduction is limited when parameter maps are changing rapidly in time.In order to produce cognitive and reproducible analyses,GIS with MCDA integration offers a good solution for site selection issue and forms a good alternative for conventional methods.

Number and nest-site selection of breeding black-necked cranes over the past 40 years in the Longbao Wetland Nature Reserve,Qinghai,China

Black-necked crane(Grus nigricollis,BNC),facing serious threats from human activities and habitat variations,is an endangered species classified as vulnerable under the revised IUCN Red List.In this article,we investigated and analyzed the population and nesting microhabitat of BNCs in the Longbao National Nature Reserve(NNR)from 1978 to 2016,and found the number of BNCs increased from 24 in 1978 to 216 in 2016.This establishment of the Longbao NNR represented the activities of protecting endangered animal species are effective.However,the land cover classification results of Landsat images showed that the marsh wetland,which was the BNC’s primary habitat,decreased during 1978–2016,while artificial buildings increased,which affected the habitat of BNCs.The increase in average temperature over the past 40 years has also had an impact on the number of BNCs.BNCs preferred to nest in marsh wetlands or on islands with open water or star-like distributions through observation.The results of the principal component analysis showed that the nearest distance between nests and habitat type were the primary factors influencing nesting site selection.To protect BNC,we suggest decreasing wetland fragmentation,reducing habitat degradation and providing an undisturbed habitat.

Characteristics of the site selection and the layout of the Great Wall of the Ming dynasty from a military perspective:Xiaohekou section as an example

As a great engineering work for the purpose of military defense in the time of Cold Weapon,the Great Wall’s military function is of the most importance.This study takes the Xiaohekou section of the Great Wall in Mount.Zhuizi constructed in the Ming Dynasty in Liaoning Province as the research object.In addition,this study discusses the relationship between the terrain and its site selection and layout from the military perspective.This research analyzes the trend and the grade of the terrain,the distance,the view range,and the effective firing range between the main body and the subsidiary establishments through GIS software.The GPS data collected in the on-site investigation were used,applying the theories of military geomorphology.Furthermore,this study concludes the characteristics of the site selection and the layouts of the city walls,the hollow watchtowers,the M a ria n s,and the signal towers on different terrains and the reasons behind.