Using real analysis data of 1°×1° resolution of the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR),the nondivergent wind component and irrotational win...Using real analysis data of 1°×1° resolution of the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR),the nondivergent wind component and irrotational wind component obtained by the harmonic-cosine(H-C) method,and the wind structure of Typhoon Fung-Wong (coded 0808 in China) in 2008 was analyzed. The results indicated that the irrotational component was advantageous over the total wind in reflecting both the changes in convergent height and the asymmetrical convergence of Fung-Wong. In Fung-Wong,the nondivergent component was larger than the irrotational component,but the latter was much more variable than the former,which was obtained only from the wind partition method. Further analyses on the irrotational component demonstrated that the location of the convergent center at lower levels was almost the same as the divergent center during the development of Fung-Wong,and its convergent level was high in its life cycle,with the most highest up to 400 hPa when it became stronger. After the typhoon landed in the provinces of Taiwan and Fujian,respectively,its convergent center at lower levels was slowly detached from the divergent center at high levels and the convergent height was also depressed from high levels to lower levels. Gradually,this weakened the intensity of Fung-Wong. This kind of weakening was slow and Fung-Wong maintained its circulation for a long time over land because of its very thick convergent height. Analyses on wind partitioning provided one possible explanation to why Fung-Wong stayed for a long time after it landed. Furthermore,the asymmetric vertical ascending motion was induced by the asymmetric convergence at lower levels. In general,when typhoons (such as Fung-Wong) land,the rainfall region coincides with that of the convergence region (indicated by the irrotational component at lower layers). This means that the possible rainfall regions may be diagnosed from the convergent area of the irrotational component. For an observational experiment on typhoons,the convergent region may be considered as a key observational region.展开更多
As a member of the last generation of xiucai秀才(one who passed the imperial examination at the county level)in the Qing dynasty,and as the first Chinese national to hold a Western doctoral degree in geology,Wong Wen-...As a member of the last generation of xiucai秀才(one who passed the imperial examination at the county level)in the Qing dynasty,and as the first Chinese national to hold a Western doctoral degree in geology,Wong Wen-hao made significant advances in the theoretical study of China’s geological structure and metallogeny,especially while serving as long-term director of the Geological Survey.He established himself as the founder of modern Chinese geology and geography and a leader of the Republic of China’s scientific community,enjoying much international prestige along the way.In the 1930s,faced with an increasingly grave national crisis,Wong resorted to a career in politics,relinquishing his geological studies.During wartime,he served as the highest economic administrator in the Chinese government,committed to exploring every avenue for the advance of national industrialization.In the postwar years,Wong assumed the office of president of the Executive Yuan,and presided over the failed currency reform.After a stint of exile after the Communist Party of China came to power in 1949,Wong returned to China,though he was relegated to obscurity due to his association with the Nationalist regime.展开更多
The formation of a tropical cyclone is the result of a process in which an initial disturbance evolves into a warm-core low-pressure system;however,the origin of the initial disturbance and the features of the initial...The formation of a tropical cyclone is the result of a process in which an initial disturbance evolves into a warm-core low-pressure system;however,the origin of the initial disturbance and the features of the initial fields are overlooked in most existing theories.In this study,based on FY-2C brightness temperature data and the Japan reanalysis dataset,the origin and evolution of the tropical disturbance that became Typhoon Fung-Wong(2008) were examined.The results demonstrated that the initial disturbance emerged within a saddle-type field with large vertical tropospheric wind shear.The vertical wind shear decreased with the adjustment of the upper circulation;moreover,accompanied by convection over the warm section around the upper cold vortex,it provided favorable thermal and dynamic conditions for the development of a tropical vortex.During its development,the zone of associated positive relative vorticity strengthened and descended from the mid-troposphere to lower levels.This rapid strengthening of lower-level vorticity was due to increasing convergence related to the intensification of the pressure gradient southwest of the subtropical high.This indicated that the upper cold vortex and West Pacific subtropical high played very important roles in this case.展开更多
基金State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China (2009CB421505)Project of the Ministry of Sciences and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (GYHY200706020)+1 种基金Projects of the Natural Science Foundation of China (40975034, 40775031)Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather (2008LASW-A01)
文摘Using real analysis data of 1°×1° resolution of the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR),the nondivergent wind component and irrotational wind component obtained by the harmonic-cosine(H-C) method,and the wind structure of Typhoon Fung-Wong (coded 0808 in China) in 2008 was analyzed. The results indicated that the irrotational component was advantageous over the total wind in reflecting both the changes in convergent height and the asymmetrical convergence of Fung-Wong. In Fung-Wong,the nondivergent component was larger than the irrotational component,but the latter was much more variable than the former,which was obtained only from the wind partition method. Further analyses on the irrotational component demonstrated that the location of the convergent center at lower levels was almost the same as the divergent center during the development of Fung-Wong,and its convergent level was high in its life cycle,with the most highest up to 400 hPa when it became stronger. After the typhoon landed in the provinces of Taiwan and Fujian,respectively,its convergent center at lower levels was slowly detached from the divergent center at high levels and the convergent height was also depressed from high levels to lower levels. Gradually,this weakened the intensity of Fung-Wong. This kind of weakening was slow and Fung-Wong maintained its circulation for a long time over land because of its very thick convergent height. Analyses on wind partitioning provided one possible explanation to why Fung-Wong stayed for a long time after it landed. Furthermore,the asymmetric vertical ascending motion was induced by the asymmetric convergence at lower levels. In general,when typhoons (such as Fung-Wong) land,the rainfall region coincides with that of the convergence region (indicated by the irrotational component at lower layers). This means that the possible rainfall regions may be diagnosed from the convergent area of the irrotational component. For an observational experiment on typhoons,the convergent region may be considered as a key observational region.
文摘As a member of the last generation of xiucai秀才(one who passed the imperial examination at the county level)in the Qing dynasty,and as the first Chinese national to hold a Western doctoral degree in geology,Wong Wen-hao made significant advances in the theoretical study of China’s geological structure and metallogeny,especially while serving as long-term director of the Geological Survey.He established himself as the founder of modern Chinese geology and geography and a leader of the Republic of China’s scientific community,enjoying much international prestige along the way.In the 1930s,faced with an increasingly grave national crisis,Wong resorted to a career in politics,relinquishing his geological studies.During wartime,he served as the highest economic administrator in the Chinese government,committed to exploring every avenue for the advance of national industrialization.In the postwar years,Wong assumed the office of president of the Executive Yuan,and presided over the failed currency reform.After a stint of exile after the Communist Party of China came to power in 1949,Wong returned to China,though he was relegated to obscurity due to his association with the Nationalist regime.
基金National Program on Key Basic Research Project of the"973"Program(2013CB430104)Specialized Fund for Meteorological Research in the Public Welfare(GYHY201106035)
文摘The formation of a tropical cyclone is the result of a process in which an initial disturbance evolves into a warm-core low-pressure system;however,the origin of the initial disturbance and the features of the initial fields are overlooked in most existing theories.In this study,based on FY-2C brightness temperature data and the Japan reanalysis dataset,the origin and evolution of the tropical disturbance that became Typhoon Fung-Wong(2008) were examined.The results demonstrated that the initial disturbance emerged within a saddle-type field with large vertical tropospheric wind shear.The vertical wind shear decreased with the adjustment of the upper circulation;moreover,accompanied by convection over the warm section around the upper cold vortex,it provided favorable thermal and dynamic conditions for the development of a tropical vortex.During its development,the zone of associated positive relative vorticity strengthened and descended from the mid-troposphere to lower levels.This rapid strengthening of lower-level vorticity was due to increasing convergence related to the intensification of the pressure gradient southwest of the subtropical high.This indicated that the upper cold vortex and West Pacific subtropical high played very important roles in this case.
