An experimental study on the conversion between IFPUG and UCP functional size measurement units

The use of functional size measurement(FSM) methods in software development organizations is growing during the years. Also, object oriented(OO) techniques have become quite a standard to design the software and, in particular, Use Cases is one of the most used techniques to specify functional requirements. Main FSM methods do not include specific rules to measure the software functionality from its Use Cases analysis. To deal with this issue some other methods like Kramer's functional measurement method have been developed. Therefore, one of the main issues for those organizations willing to use OO functional measurement method in order to facilitate the use cases count procedure is how to convert their portfolio functional size from the previously adopted FSM method towards the new method. The objective of this research is to find a statistical relationship for converting the software functional size units measured by the International Function Point Users Group(IFPUG) function point analysis(FPA) method into Kramer-Smith's use cases points(UCP) method and vice versa. Methodologies for a correct data gathering are proposed and results obtained are analyzed to draw the linear and non-linear equations for this correlation. Finally, a conversion factor and corresponding conversion intervals are given to establish the statistical relationship.

Fundamental research on the size and velocity measurements of coal powder by trajectory imaging

A trajectory imaging based method for measuring the velocity and diameter of coal particles was presented.By using an industrial charge-coupled device(CCD)camera and a low power semiconductor laser,the images of coal particles under relatively long exposure time were recorded and then processed to yield both the velocities and sizes.Fundamental research on this method with special attention to recording parameters,e.g.,magnification factor and exposure time,was carried out.For most of the test cases,the results agree with those obtained by particle image velocimetry(PIV)and shadow imaging method.Measurements with good accuracy can be obtained when the imaging magnification factor and exposure time are set appropriately,making N be larger than 3.5,and R between 5-7,where N and R are the number of pixels occupied by the average width and the ratio of length to width of particle trajectory on the image,respectively.The work indicates the feasibility and potential application of the present measurement method for online measurement of coal powder in pipes in industrial power plants.

Measurement on Spot Size Dependence of Dense WDM Dielectric Multilayer Filters

We present the spot size dependence of dielectric multilayer filters for use in dense WDM systems. We found large dependences of filter performances on the spot size and the incident angle of input light, which should be important for miniaturizing multi-channel add/drop filters.

PoreScript:Semi-automated pore size algorithm for scaffold characterization

The scaffold pore size influences many critical physical aspects of tissue engineering,including tissue infiltration,biodegradation rate,and mechanical properties.Manual measurements of pore sizes from scanning electron micrographs using ImageJ/FIJI are commonly used to characterize scaffolds,but these methods are both time-consuming and subject to user bias.Current semi-automated analysis tools are limited by a lack of accessibility or limited sample size in their verification process.The work here describes the development of a new MATLAB algorithm,PoreScript,to address these limitations.The algorithm was verified using three common scaffold fabrication methods(e.g.,salt leaching,gas foaming,emulsion templating)with varying pore sizes and shapes to demonstrate the versatility of this new tool.Our results demonstrate that the pore size characterization using PoreScript is comparable to manual pore size measurements.The PoreScript algorithm was further evaluated to determine the effect of user-input and image parameters(relative image magnification,pixel intensity threshold,and pore structure).Overall,this work validates the accuracy of the PoreScript algorithm across several fabrication methods and provides user-guidance for semi-automated image analysis and increased throughput of scaffold characterization.

Measuring the Size(1)

How do you measure the size of a one-dimensional figure?The size of a line segment is given by its length.How do you measure the size of two-dimensional figures?Rectangles and other polygons are two-dimensional.There are two common ways of measuring these figures.Perimeter measures the boundary.Area measures the space inside the figure.

Measuring the Size(2)

There are three different common w(?)measure the size of a three dimensional figure. Consider the shoe box below. We can measure the total length of its edges. Like perimeter, this is one-dimensional. We can measure its surface area,which is two-dimensional. Or we can measure its volume,which is three-dimensional. The shoebox has edges of lengths 14inches,5inches,and 7inches, There are four edges of each length. (some are hidden from view.)The total length of all edges is 4·15"+4·7"+4·14",or 104inches.

Design of a high-voltage electrostatic ultrasonic atomization nozzle and its droplet adhesion effects on aeroponically cultivated plant roots

In the process of aeroponics cultivation,the atomizer is one of the most important influencing factors on the cultivation process.This study presented the design of an ultrasonic atomization nozzle using contact charging and a root droplet adhesion test rig.The purpose of this study was to reveal the relationship between the main operating parameters of the high-voltage electrostatic ultrasonic atomization nozzle and the atomization effect using droplet adhesion measurements.In this study,the ultrasonic effect of nozzle was achieved by using Laval tube,and the design of the key parameters for the high-voltage electrostatic ultrasonic atomization nozzle were inlet pressure,electrostatic voltage root core electrode material and spray distance;the droplet size variation and root adhesion patterns were obtained through experiments.The best operating parameters were analyzed by using the orthogonal test method,and the droplet deposition distribution of the root system at different scales was investigated in the atomization chamber.The test results revealed that when the root core electrode material was coppe and the nozzle working parameters were at 0.4 MPa of inlet pressure,at 1.75 m the spray distance,at 12 kV of the electrostatic voltage,the root system has the highest droplet adhesion.