Using trace elements of magnetite to constrain the origin of the Pingchuan hydrothermal low-Ti magnetite deposit in the Panxi area, SW China

The Pingchuan iron deposit, located in the Yanyuan region of Sichuan Province, SW China, has an ore reserve of 40 Mt with ~60 wt% Fe. Its genesis is still poorly understood. The Pingchuan iron deposit has a paragenetic sequence of an early Fe-oxide–Pyrite stage(Ⅰ) and a late Fe-oxide–pyrrhotite stage(Ⅱ). Stage Ⅰ magnetite grains are generally fragmented, euhedral–subhedral, largesized crystals accompanying with slightly postdated pyrite.Stage Ⅱ magnetite grains are mostly unfragmented, anhedral, relatively small-sized grains that co-exist with pyrrhotite. Combined with micro-textural features and previously-obtained geochronological data, we consider that these two stages of iron mineralization in the Pingchuan deposit correspond to the Permian ELIP magmatism and Cenozoic fault activity event. Both the Stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ magnetites are characterized with overall lower contents of trace elements(including Cr, Ti, V, and Ni) than the ELIP magmatic magnetite, which suggests a hydrothermal origin for them. ‘‘Skarn-like'' enrichment in Sn, Mn, and Zn in the Stage Ⅰ magnetite grains indicate significant material contributions from carbonate wall-rocks due to water–rock interaction in ore-forming processes. Stage Ⅱ magnetite grains contain higher Mn concentrations than Stage Ⅰ magnetite grains, which possibly implies more contribution from carbonate rocks. In multiple-element diagrams, the Stage Ⅰ magnetite shows systematic similarities to Kiruna-type magnetite rather than those from other types of deposits. Combined with geological features and previous studies on oxygen isotopes, we conclude that hydrothermal fluids have played a key role in the generation of the Pingchuan low-Ti iron deposit.

Trace Element Geochemistry of Magnetite from the Fe(-Cu) Deposits in the Hami Region, Eastern Tianshan Orogenic Belt, NW China

Laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry（LA–ICP–MS） was used to determine the trace element concentrations of magnetite from the Heifengshan, Shuangfengshan, and Shaquanzi Fe（–Cu） deposits in the Eastern Tianshan Orogenic Belt. The magnetite from these deposits typically contains detectable Mg, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn and Ga. The trace element contents in magnetite generally vary less than one order of magnitude. The subtle variations of trace element concentrations within a magnetite grain and between the magnetite grains in the same sample probably indicate local inhomogeneity of ore–forming fluids. The variations of Co in magnetite between samples are probably due to the mineral proportion of magnetite and pyrite. Factor analysis has discriminated three types of magnetite： Ni–Mn–V–Ti（Factor 1）, Mg–Al–Zn（Factor 2）, and Ga– Co（Factor 3） magnetite. Magnetite from the Heifengshan and Shuangfengshan Fe deposits has similar normalized trace element spider patterns and cannot be discriminated according to these factors. However, magnetite from the Shaquanzi Fe–Cu deposit has affinity to Factor 2 with lower Mg and Al but higher Zn concentrations, indicating that the ore–forming fluids responsible for the Fe–Cu deposit are different from those for Fe deposits. Chemical composition of magnetite indicates that magnetite from these Fe（–Cu） deposits was formed by hydrothermal processes rather than magmatic differentiation. The formation of these Fe（–Cu） deposits may be related to felsic magmatism.

In-situ LA-ICP-MS trace element and oxygen isotope signatures of magnetite from the Yamansu deposit,NW China,and their significance

The Yamansu iron deposit is hosted in submarine volcanic rocks in the Aqishan–Yamansu belt of Eastern Tianshan,NW China.A geological cross-section for the Carboniferous strata in the ore district shows that ore bodies in the Yamansu deposit are hosted in andesitic crystal tuff of the third cycle of the Carboniferous Yamansu Formation.This indicates an association between mineralization and volcanism.The orebodies are strata bound and lensoid and generally share the occurrence state of the host rocks.Magnetite mineralization mainly occurs asbreccia ores,ores in the mineralized volcanic rocks,massive ores,and sulfide-rich ores according to their structures and sequences of formation.Trace element compositions of magnetite from various types of ores were determined by LA-ICP-MS.The dataset indicates thatdifferent types of magnetite havedistinct trace element contents correlated to their formation environments.Magnetite crystals from breccia ores have high Ti,Ni,V,Cr,and Co and low Si,Al,Ca,and Mg contents,indicating crystallization from a volcanic magmatic eruption,which is consistent with field evidence of coexisting altered volcanic breccia.Magnetite crystals from ores in the mineralized volcanic rocks have moderate Ti,Ni,V,Cr,and Co contents.In contrast,magnetite from massive ores and sulfide-rich ores have low concentrations of Ti,Cr,Ni,and V,high concentrations of Si,Al,Ca,and Mg,and evidence of hydrothermal magnetite.In-situ magnetite compositions imply a magmatic-hydrothermal process.Although d18 O values for magnetite grains from Yamansu vary(?1.3 to?7.0%),they all plot in the range field of volcanic iron deposits,and they also record a magmatic-hydrothermal process.The compositions of Yamansu magnetites are interpreted as controlled mainly by temperature,fluid,host rock buffering,oxygen fugacity,and sulfur fugacity.The metallogenic conditions of the Yamansu deposit changed from high temperature and low oxygen fugacity to low temperature and high oxygen fugacity.However,more fluid-rock reactions and higher sulfur fugacity were involved during the deposition of massive ores and sulfiderich ores.

Metallogeny of Serpentinite-hosted Magnetite Deposits: Hydrothermal Overgrowth on Chromite or Metamorphic Transformation of Chromite?

Peculiar and rare occurrences of serpentinite-hosted magnetite deposits with mineable sizes are found in the Mesozoic ophiolites of Greece(Skyros), Iran(Nain and Sabzevar) and Oman(Aniba). These deposits have diverse thickness(from a few centimeters up to 50 m) and length(2 to >500 m). Magnetite ores show variable textures, including massive, nodular and banded ores, veins, net and fine-grained disseminations in serpentinites. Intriguingly, the investigated magnetite deposits can be mistaken for chromitite pods. Serpentinite-hosted magnetite deposits show three modes of occurrences including:(i) boulders strewn across the serpentinites(i.e. Skyros Island);(ii) ore bodies along the nonconformity contacts between serpentinites and limestones(i.e. Aniba);(iii) irregular and discontinuous trails of massive and semi-massive ore bodies within highly sheared serpentinite masses(i.e. Nain;Sabzevar). In all of these magnetite ore bodies, relicts of chromian spinel grains are occasionally enclosed in magnetite crystals. The chemistry of Cr-spinel relics found in these magnetite bodies are comparable to those of accessory Crspinels in the surrounding serpentinized peridotites. BSE images and elemental mapping revealed that magnetite occurs as a nucleation on chromian spinels but not being involved in reaction either with chromite or ferritchromite. Low-grade metamorphic transformation of chromite into Fe-chromite is documented along the cracks and fractures of a few chromite grains. Generally, magnetite has typical hydrothermal compositions, characterized by low Cr, V and Ti and high Mg and Mn. It is crucial to note that a few magnetite grains with metamorphic origin are characterized by high Cr and low Ti and Ni. The potential source of iron is essentially the Fe-rich olivine. We believe that multi-episodic serpentinization of peridotite systems at high fluid-rock ratios is the main process responsible for precipitation of magnetite at ore levels whereas low-grade metamorphic transformation of chromite to magnetite has minor contribution. Cumulative factors in generation of these deposits are modal volume of mantle olivine, peridotite composition, fluid chemistry, fluid-rock ratio, mechanisms of transportation and precipitation, structural controls such as cracks and shear zones.

Preliminary Study of the Characteristics and Genesis of Arsenate Minerals in the Oxidized Zone of the Debao Skarn-Type Cu-Sn Ore Deposit in Guangxi

Through the study of the oxidized zone of the Debao skarn-type Cu-Sn deposit in Guangxi, the authorshave found 14 arsenate minerals, most of which are for the first time reported in China. They are mainly Cuarsenate minerals with subordinate Cu-Pb arsenate minerals and minor Fe-Pb-Ba varieties. Based on their paragenesis these minerals may be divided into the following series: (1) the clinoclasite-olivenite-cornwallite- cornubite- debaoite- copper silicarsenate association, (2) the scorodite- carminite- beudan-tite-bayldonite- duftite association, and (3) the scorodite-Ba-bearing pharmacosiderite- dussertite association. Arsenate minerals are formed generally in the oxidized zone of the sulfide-type deposits which lie in thewarm, humid and rainy torrid-subtropical zone with pH=6-8 and contain large amounts of arsenopyrite andcarbonate rocks.

The Shaytor Apatite-Magnetite Deposit in the Kashmar-Kerman Tectonic Zone (Central Iran): A Kiruna-Type Iron Deposit

The Shaytor apatite-rich iron deposit is located in the Kashmar-Kerman tectonic zone in the central of the Iranian plat, which is an important polymetallic belt in Iran. The ore bodies are interbedded with the upper inferacaamberian calc-alkaline igneous rocks that show well-preserved porphyritic and volcaniclastic textures. The iron ores have massive, disseminated, and brecciated structures. Magnetite from the Shaytor deposit is low in Ti (TiO2 = up to 0.70 wt.%) and different ore types show similar rare earth element (REE) and trace element-normalized patterns with weak-to-moderate enrichment in light REE and negative Eu anomalies, indicating a common source and genesis. The similar REE patterns for the magnetite and volcanic basaltic host rocks suggest their close genetic linkage and support a magmatic origin for the deposit. The Shaytor deposit shows the typical characteristics of Kiruna-type deposits with regard to the mineral assemblages, ore texture and structure, and the apatite and magnetite geochemistry. We propose that the Kiruna-type Shaytor apatite-rich iron deposit was derived from Fe-P-rich melt through liquid immiscibility and the activity of hydrothermal fluids.

Germanium in Magnetite:A Preliminary Review

Magnetite is a very common mineral in various types of iron deposits and some sulfide deposits. Recent studies have focused on the use of trace elements in magnetite to discriminate ore types or trace ore-forming process. Germanium is a disperse element in the crust, but sometimes is not rare in magnetite. Germanium in magnetite can be determined by laser ablation ICP-MS due to its low detection limit（0.0X ppm）. In this study, we summary the Ge data of magnetite from magmatic deposits, iron formations, skarn deposits, iron oxide copper-gold deposits, and igneous derived hydrothermal deposits. Magnetite from iron formations contains relatively high Ge（up to ~250 ppm）, whereas those from all other deposits mostly contains Ge less than 10 ppm, indicating that iron formations can be discriminated from other Fe deposits by Ge contents. Germanium in magmatic/hydrothermal magnetite is controlled by a few factors. Primary magma/fluid composition may be the major control of Ge in magnetite. Higher oxygen fugacity may be beneficial to Ge partition into magnetite. Sulfur fugacity and temperature may have little effect on Ge in magnetite. The enrichment mechanism of Ge in magnetite from iron formations remains unknown due to the complex ore genesis. Germanium along with other elements（Mn, Ni, Ga） and element ratios（Ge/Ga and Ge/Si raios） can distinguish different types of deposits, indicating that Ge can be used as a discriminate factor like Ti and V. Because of the availability of in situ analytical technique like laser ablation ICP-MS, in situ Ge/Si ratio of magnetite can serve as a geochemical tracer and may provide new constraints on the genesis of banded iron formations.

磁铁矿:研究方法与矿床学应用

磁铁矿在自然界普遍存在,其成岩和成矿作用研究备受关注。文章系统地总结了近年来磁铁矿的研究进展,介绍了磁铁矿的研究方法体系,并探讨了其在矿床学研究中的应用。磁铁矿的研究方法包括磁铁矿的年代学、显微结构、元素和同位素组成。在磁铁矿的方法学基础上,进一步探讨了磁铁矿Re-Os同位素定年在成矿年代学研究中的应用、磁铁矿有关的温度计和氧逸度计以及矿床类型判别等。此外,以铁氧化物-铜-金和铁氧化物-磷灰石矿床为例,讨论了磁铁矿微量元素组成对这些矿床成因的制约,并初步总结了磁铁矿微量元素组成在找矿勘查方面的应用。磁铁矿作为重要的矿床学研究对象,已助推矿床成因和找矿勘查研究,具有巨大的应用潜力,包括原位U-Pb年代学和非传统稳定同位素示踪(如V同位素)等。然而,磁铁矿中微量元素的赋存状态、分配行为以及磁铁矿地球化学数据库等是磁铁矿研究中较薄弱的环节,亟需进一步加强。

塞拉利昂东方省盖布韦马铁矿床地质特征及找矿标志

盖布韦马铁矿隶属于塞拉利昂东方省凯内马(Kenema)行政区,其属产于太古界高绿片岩相-麻粒岩相变质岩中的沉积变质型(BIF)铁矿床。本文通过对该区铁矿床成矿地质背景和矿床特征的分析,总结了该区的成矿规律及找矿标志。结果表明,该矿床由含铁硅质建造经区域变质作用形成,矿化带呈层状或似层状近平行产出,走向NE-NNE,倾向NW-NWW,倾角一般35°~70°;空间上分布在太古宇变质岩中,严格受其限制;矿体主要由条带状磁铁石英岩构成;太古界变粒岩、片麻岩内条带状辉石磁铁石英岩、磁铁角闪辉石黑云斜长变粒岩、磁铁角闪紫苏辉长岩是找矿地层标志。

Genesis of the Weiquan Ag-Polymetallic Deposit in East Tianshan, China： Evidence from Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and C-H-O-S-Pb Isotope Systematics

The Weiquan Ag-polymetallic deposit is located on the southern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and in the western segment of the Aqishan-Yamansu arc belt in East Tianshan,northwestern China. Its orebodies, controlled by faults, occur in the lower Carboniferous volcanosedimentary rocks of the Yamansu Formation as irregular veins and lenses. Four stages of mineralization have been recognized on the basis of mineral assemblages, ore fabrics, and crosscutting relationships among the ore veins. Stage I is the skarn stage(garnet + pyroxene), Stage Ⅱ is the retrograde alteration stage(epidote + chlorite + magnetite ± hematite 士 actinolite ± quartz),Stage Ⅲ is the sulfide stage(Ag and Bi minerals + pyrite + chalcopyrite + galena + sphalerite + quartz ± calcite ± tetrahedrite),and Stage IV is the carbonate stage(quartz + calcite ± pyrite). Skarnization,silicification, carbonatization,epidotization,chloritization, sericitization, and actinolitization are the principal types of hydrothermal alteration. LAICP-MS U-Pb dating yielded ages of 326.5±4.5 and 298.5±1.5 Ma for zircons from the tuff and diorite porphyry, respectively. Given that the tuff is wall rock and that the orebodies are cut by a late diorite porphyry dike, the ages of the tuff and the diorite porphyry provide lower and upper time limits on the age of ore formation. The δ13C values of the calcite samples range from-2.5‰ to 2.3‰, the δ18OH2 Oand δDVSMOWvalues of the sulfide stage(Stage Ⅲ) vary from 1.1‰ to 5.2‰ and-111.7‰ to-66.1‰, respectively,and the δ13C, δ18OH2 Oand δDV-SMOWvalues of calcite in one Stage IV sample are 1.5‰,-0.3‰, and-115.6‰, respectively. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen isotopic compositions indicate that the ore-forming fluids evolved gradually from magmatic to meteoric sources. The δ34SV-CDTvalues of the sulfides have a large range from-6.9‰ to 1.4‰, with an average of-2.2‰, indicating a magmatic source, possibly with sedimentary contributions. The206Pb/204Pb,207Pb/204Pb, and208Pb/204Pb ratios of the sulfides are 17.9848-18.2785,15.5188-15.6536, and 37.8125-38.4650, respectively, and one whole-rock sample at Weiquan yields206Pb/204Pb,207Pb/204Pb, and208Pb/204Pb ratios of 18.2060, 15.5674, and 38.0511,respectively. Lead isotopic systems suggest that the ore-forming materials of the Weiquan deposit were derived from a mixed source involving mantle and crustal components. Based on geological features, zircon U-Pb dating, and C-H-OS-Pb isotopic data, it can be concluded that the Weiquan polymetallic deposit is a skarn type that formed in a tectonic setting spanning a period from subduction to post-collision. The ore materials were sourced from magmatic ore-forming fluids that mixed with components derived from host rocks during their ascent, and a gradual mixing with meteoric water took place in the later stages.

In-situ experiments reveal mineralization details of porphyry copper deposits

In-situ hydrothermal experiments using diamond-anvil cell show that sulfate and sulfi de are the dominant sulfur species under P-T conditions similar to those of porphyry magmas.No sulfi te was identifi ed using in-situ Raman spectrometer.This supports that porphyry copper mineralization is controlled by sulfate reduction,rather than sulfi te disproportionation.

Mineralization, Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Saheb Fe-Cu Deposit of Saqqez (Kurdestan), NW Iran

The Saheb Fe-Cu skarn deposit is located in the Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic belt, SE Saqqez, western Iran and has been formed along the contact between the Oligo-Miocene aged Saheb granitoid and the Permian aged impure calcareous rocks and includes endoskarn and exoskarn. Exoskarn is widely developed and includes garnet and epidote skarn zones. The majority of mineralized zones are concentrated in garnet skarn. The relatively oxidizing mineralogical assemblage of the Saheb skarn includes garnet (andradite-grossular), pyroxene (diopside-hedenbergite), magnetite and hematite. Magnetite is the main and abundant ore mineral throughout the ore deposit. Based on field evidences and microscopic studies of skarn zone samples, two stages of prograde and retrograde alteration are distinguishable. According to the results of sample analysis of Saheb skarn intrusive body by XRF and ICP-MS techniques, the combination of this body is chiefly granite to granodiorite-diorite and belongs to the I-type granitoids, metaluminous and K-rich calc-alkaline series. The Saheb granitoid is related to the VAG (Volcanic Arc Granite) tectonic setting.

Geochronology of minerrlization and tectonic setting of Baishidong skaro-type iron deposit in Helony aree of Yanbian,Jilin Province,NE China

The Baishidong iron deposit is the only skarn-type iron deposit discovered in the study area.According to mineral assemblage and paragenesis,the mineralization can be divided into four metallogenic stages:early garnet-diopside skarn stage,late magnetite-tremolite-epidote skarn stage,early quartz-pyrite-chalcopyrite stage and late quartz-calcite-pyrite stage.Through LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of diorite,which is closely related to mineralization,the results show that the weighted average age is 164.6±1.4 Ma,which limits the mineralization time of Baishidong iron deposit during or slightly later than Middle Jurassic.The diorite rocks are rich in sodium(Na_(2)O/K_(2)O=1.24-1.76),aluminium(Al_(2)O_(3)=17.41%-18.76%),LREE and large-ion lithophile elements(Ba,K and Sr),depleted in HREE and high-field-strength elements(Y,Nb,Ta,P and Ti),and show strongly fractionated patterns(LREE/HREE=6.58-9.93),no apparent Eu anomalies(δEu=0.91-1.13),which shows similar characteristics to island arc or active continental margin arc magma.The zirconεHf(t)values range from-22.6 to 5.9,and the age of the two-stage model(t_(DM2))is 836-2633 Ma.Above data combined with the geochemical characteristics,it is indicated that the magma was a mixture of multiple sources,composed of ancient materials and newly formed crust.During the process of evolution and ascending of magma,separation and crystallization occurred,and a large amount of continental crust material was mixed at the same time.Combined with regional tectonic evolution,the formation of this deposit may be related to the westward subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate to the Eurasian Plate.

中国磁性铁矿石全铁品位和磁性铁品位关系及其意义

中国铁矿以可磁选的低品位磁性铁矿石为主,但是圈定铁矿体多以全铁品位为依据。文章整理了矿产资源储量数据库中磁性铁矿石的全铁品位及其对应磁性铁品位数据,筛选出493组数据,建立了沉积变质型、岩浆型、火山岩型、矽卡岩-热液型铁矿床磁性铁矿石的全铁(TFe)品位与磁性铁(mFe)品位关系式,全部493组数据为mFe(%)=0.9077TFe(%)-3.1442,沉积变质型铁矿为mFe(%)=0.8605TFe(%)-1.8275,火山岩型铁矿为mFe(%)=0.6669TFe(%)+2.6842,矽卡岩-热液型铁矿为mFe(%)=0.9320TFe(%)-3.2442,岩浆型铁矿为mFe(%)=0.8799TFe(%)-3.0174。假定铁矿石的全铁品位为20%和25%时,根据这些关系式估算的磁性铁品位与地质行业规范的边界品位(w(TFe)≥20%,w(mFe)≥15%)和最低工业品位(w(TFe)≥25%,w(mFe)≥20%)十分一致。磁性铁品位的估算,对评价铁矿资源的可利用性、进行国际对比和研究保障程度具有重要参考价值。

白云鄂博矿床磁铁矿成分标型与深部富铁矿体预测

白云鄂博稀土-铌-铁矿床蕴藏着大量的铁资源,其中磁铁矿作为矿石矿物被广泛研究。磁铁矿的矿物标型特征可以指示矿床成因、成矿规律以及深部找矿,但磁铁矿标型矿物学尚未在白云鄂博矿床中普及与应用。本研究使用了22条勘探线全铁数据,利用扫描电镜能谱和电子探针的矿物微区成分测试方法,测试了覆盖600 m×600 m,纵深800 m范围内10条勘探线的45件样品,将白云鄂博矿床中的磁铁矿分为岩浆型和热液型,表明岩浆和热液在白云鄂博矿床中均形成或改造磁铁矿。结合磁铁矿温度计得知,岩浆型磁铁矿,尤其是高温磁铁矿富集的区域,矿床全铁成分更加富集,更容易形成富铁矿体,磁铁矿形成的温度为350~650℃。因此推测,12、13号线的深部东部方向有很大可能形成富铁矿体,可能在深部连接东矿,值得进一步研究与开采。

云南羊拉铜矿矽卡岩形成时代与矿床成因:来自石榴子石和磁铁矿组分的约束

羊拉铜矿是金沙江缝合带中部已发现的规模最大的印支期铜矿床,矿体以层状—似层状产出于花岗闪长岩外围、变质砂岩与碳酸盐岩地层的层间破碎带中。该矿床在成因类型上存在喷流-沉积成因、复合成因、矽卡岩成因等多种观点。本文以矽卡岩矿石中石榴子石、磁铁矿为研究对象,利用LA-ICP-MS原位微区分析技术开展了石榴子石U-Pb年代学和石榴子石、磁铁矿成分测试分析,以进一步限定该矿床成矿时代和成因类型。分析结果显示,石榴子石中U、Th、Pb的含量分别为1.18×10^(-6)~6.69×10^(-6)、0.04×10^(-6)~1.43×10^(-6)、0.11×10^(-6)~1.16×10^(-6),获得Tera-Wasserburg下交点年龄为231.0±5.3 Ma(2σ,n=32,MSWD=2.1),与矿区花岗闪长岩形成时代高度一致。结合磁铁矿微量元素组成与全球矽卡岩型矿床可类比等特征,明确羊拉铜矿床属于典型矽卡岩型铜矿床。石榴子石以钙铁榴石组分为主,具轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的配分模式,这可能受晶体化学和吸附作用共同控制;其显著Eu正异常和较低的U含量等特征综合表明,该石榴子石形成于弱酸性、富Cl和较氧化的流体环境。与国内外其他矽卡岩型铜矿床相比,羊拉铜矿石榴子石中含有显著高的Sn(485×10^(-6)~7433×10^(-6),平均值为3931×10^(-6))和W(0.20×10^(-6)~736×10^(-6),平均值为156×10^(-6)),磁铁矿中含有较高的Sn(115×10^(-6)~778×10^(-6),平均值为405×10^(-6)),这与全球含钨-锡矽卡岩型矿床特征相似。据此,初步推测区内存在寻找W、Sn矿化的潜力。

喀什凹陷乌拉根铅锌矿床岩石磁学特征及地质意义

乌拉根铅锌矿床位于喀什凹陷西北缘,自中生代以来,喀什凹陷经历了多期次构造运动,这使乌拉根铅锌矿床的铅锌层位沉积环境更为复杂,岩石磁学和古地磁学的研究也更加必要。本研究通过等温剩磁获得曲线与退磁曲线、矫顽力谱分析、磁滞回线与Day图、一阶反转曲线(FORC)、Lowrie三轴热退磁曲线等一系列岩石磁学实验,针对乌拉根铅锌矿床下白垩统克孜勒苏群含矿层位进行了岩石磁学特征研究。岩石磁学分析结果得出,乌拉根铅锌矿床下白垩统克孜勒苏群中灰白色砂岩、灰白色砂岩(贫矿)与灰白色砂岩容矿矿石的磁性矿物以磁铁矿为主,并存在少量的赤铁矿及磁赤铁矿,磁铁矿磁畴类型为多畴与假单畴颗粒混合,赤铁矿为单畴。红褐色砂岩、泥岩及红色砾岩磁性矿物以赤铁矿为主且含有少量磁铁矿,磁畴类型以单畴和多畴颗粒混合为主,存在少部分假单畴颗粒。结合前人的研究与本次野外调查及岩石磁学实验结果,综合推测乌拉根铅锌矿床可能受印度板块-欧亚板块碰撞的持续影响,塔里木盆地发生了陆内造山运动,喀什凹陷内大量流体活化并发生迁移,成矿流体在下白垩统克孜勒苏群内与原岩发生热或水-岩化学作用,进而随流体运移的含矿物质沉淀成矿。

西藏多不杂斑岩铜(金)矿床磁铁矿元素地球化学特征及其对成矿过程的指示

多不杂铜(金)矿床是西藏多龙矿集区重要的斑岩型铜矿床之一。详细的岩心编录和岩相学研究显示,多不杂铜(金)矿床发育4类磁铁矿:磁铁矿-1(Mt_(1))反射色呈灰白色,它形粒状,部分颗粒包含在黑云母内部;磁铁矿-2(Mt_(2))反射色呈粉棕色,半自形-它形粒状,边缘被赤铁矿交代,颗粒内部见少量黄铜矿;磁铁矿-3(Mt_(3))反射色呈粉棕色,自形-半自形,粒度小,表面平整,主要产于角岩化蚀变内;磁铁矿-4(Mt_(4))反射色呈深灰色,颗粒间隙被黄铁矿、黄铜矿交代。Mt_(1)、Mt_(2)属岩浆磁铁矿或岩浆-热液磁铁矿的过渡类型;Mt_(3)、Mt_(4)属岩浆-热液磁铁矿的过渡类型。Mt_(1)、Mt_(2)、Mt_(4)磁铁矿形成温度大致在300~500℃,Mt_(3)形成温度明显低于其他三类磁铁矿,大致在200~500℃。4类磁铁矿具有明显的地球化学差异,其中Mt_(1)具高Ti、V,低Mn、低氧逸度的特征;Mt_(2)具有低V,高Mn、高氧逸度的特征;Mt_(3)具有低Ti,低Mn、Al,且Mn、Al含量与Ti呈正相关的特征;Mt_(4)具低V、高Mn、Si、Al,高氧逸度的特征。其中Mt_(1)形成时间最早,而Mt_(3)形成时间最晚。高Mn和低V的磁铁矿是多不杂矿床铜矿化的指示标志。

新疆恰瓦克南钛磁铁矿成矿地质条件、控矿因素及找矿预测

恰瓦克南钛磁铁矿位于巴楚断隆的西北段,产于华力西晚期的NWW向构造穹隆NWW向与基底性的NWW向断裂的交汇部位,成矿与麻扎塔格杂岩体中的基性-超基性岩具有直接联系。钛磁铁矿体具有较大的规模,矿体呈层状或似层状,赋矿岩石主要为辉长岩、辉石岩和橄辉岩,矿体均为隐伏矿体,矿石铁品位w(TFe)=10.21%~17.36%,属于低品位磁铁矿床。恰瓦克南钛磁铁矿床与附近的瓦吉里塔格钒钛磁铁矿床具有相似的成矿条件和矿床地质特征,成矿物质主要来源于基性-超基性岩体,基性岩浆的演化促成钛磁铁矿的聚集成矿,而构造穹隆产生NNW向断裂和NEE向断裂的交汇部位则控制着成矿基性-超基性岩的上侵和定位。文章还对进一步的找矿工作进行了预测。

Iron Isotopes and Trace Element Compositions of Magnetite from the Submarine Volcanic-Hosted Iron Deposits in East Tianshan,NW China:New Insights into the Mineralization Processes

The Aqishan-Yamansu metallogenic belt(AYMB)in East Tianshan hosts abundant sub-marine volcanic-hosted iron deposits.Although there is agreement with the magmatic source of the ore-forming materials and the role of hydrothermal replacement in iron ore formation,the mineraliza-tion processes of these iron deposits remain uncertain.Three ore types are identified on the basis of the geological occurrences of minerals and the sequence of mineral in ores.The typeⅠores are characte-rized by magnetite,diopside,amphibole with a few pyrite,and chalcopyrite.The type II ores are mainly composed of magnetite,garnet,chlorite with a few pyrite,while the type III ores are mainly composed of magnetite,quartz,calcite with a few pyrite.In order to constrain the mineralization processes of these ore types,we performed iron isotopes and trace element compositions of magnetite from three typical iron deposits(Yamansu,Duotoushan and Luotuofeng).Trace element and Fe isotope investiga-tions of the three ore types reveal two major groups.The groupⅠconsists of analyses of the typeⅠandⅡores,with both showing a narrow range of positiveδ56Fe values(+0.08‰to+0.22‰for typeⅠores and+0.15‰ to+0.22‰ for typeⅡores)and plotting in the range of the ortho-magmatic field.In contrast,the group 2 is composed merely of the typeⅢores,showing a wider range of negativeδ56Fe values(-0.49‰ to-0.01‰),which is similar to the features of Fe-skarn magnetite.As shown in the binary dia-grams of magnetite trace elements and a fractionation of the Fe isotopes,different ore types were likely produced during gradually changing ore-forming stages from magmatic to hydrothermal.Collectively,the submarine volcanic-hosted iron deposits in the East Tianshan are likely the results of a continuous magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization process.