Transfer Learning Empowered Skin Diseases Detection in Children

Human beings are often affected by a wide range of skin diseases,which can be attributed to genetic factors and environmental influences,such as exposure to sunshine with ultraviolet(UV)rays.If left untreated,these diseases can have severe consequences and spread,especially among children.Early detection is crucial to prevent their spread and improve a patient’s chances of recovery.Dermatology,the branch of medicine dealing with skin diseases,faces challenges in accurately diagnosing these conditions due to the difficulty in identifying and distinguishing between different diseases based on their appearance,type of skin,and others.This study presents a method for detecting skin diseases using Deep Learning(DL),focusing on the most common diseases affecting children in Saudi Arabia due to the high UV value in most of the year,especially in the summer.The method utilizes various Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)architectures to classify skin conditions such as eczema,psoriasis,and ringworm.The proposed method demonstrates high accuracy rates of 99.99%and 97%using famous and effective transfer learning models MobileNet and DenseNet121,respectively.This illustrates the potential of DL in automating the detection of skin diseases and offers a promising approach for early diagnosis and treatment.

Research Status of TCM Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

This paper mainly analyzes the application status of TCM rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),hoping to provide support and help for clinical staff through this study,and promote the further development of COPD rehabilitation program.

Isolation and Identification of the Pathogen Causing Skin Ulcer Disease in Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther and Its Sensitivity to Chinese Herbal Medicine

In this study, the pathogen causing skin ulcer disease in Cynoglossus semilaevis Gunther was isolated for morphological observation, physiological and bio- chemical identification. According to the result, the isolated pathogen was identified as Vibrio harveyi. The results of recurrent infection of C. semilaevis Gonther showed that the pathogen was strongly pathogenic to C. semilaevis Gunther. In or- der to explore the pathogenesis, outer membrane protein （OMP） gene of C. semi- laevis Gunther was detected by PCR. The results showed that all the three repre- sentative strains harbored OMP gene. According to the results of sensitivity test of the pathogen to Chinese herbal medicine, Galla Chinensis, Fructus Mume, Fructus Hippophae and Lignum Sappan exerted strong antibacterial effects against V. harveyr, Pericarpium Granati exhibited slight antibacterial effect against V. harveyi; Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Rhizoma Acori GramineL Herba Houttuyniae, Herba Portulacae, Herba Andrographis, Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and Herba Menthae Heplocalycis had little effect on V. harveyi. Galla Chinensis, Fructus Mume, Fructus Hippophae and Lignum Sappan were prepared into three prescriptions, among which prescription 1 （Galla Chinensis ＋ Fructus Mume） exhibited the strongest antibacterial effect.

Antibacterial Activity of Extracts from Zostera marina Against Pathogens of Apostichopus japonicus Skin Ulceration Disease

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of extracts from Zostera marina against the pathogens of Apostichopus japonicus skin ulceration disease.When 95% ethanol (v/v) solvent was used to extract Zostera marina at 50℃,aqueous extract (ZA) showed obvious bacteriostatic effects on the tested bacterial strains (inhibition halo diameters between 8.23 mm and 13.62 mm),whereas the ethyl acetate extract (ZE) was almost inactive.The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ZA against four pathogens were homogeneous at 12.8 g L-1.ZA components were analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) assay and six fractions were obtained.In another study,the six fractions showed inhibitory effects against the tested bacteria while their functions seemed to counteract the ZA activity.

Deep Learning Based Automated Diagnosis of Skin Diseases Using Dermoscopy

Biomedical image analysis has been exploited considerably by recent technology involvements,carrying about a pattern shift towards‘automation’and‘error free diagnosis’classification methods with markedly improved accurate diagnosis productivity and cost effectiveness.This paper proposes an automated deep learning model to diagnose skin disease at an early stage by using Dermoscopy images.The proposed model has four convolutional layers,two maxpool layers,one fully connected layer and three dense layers.All the convolutional layers are using the kernel size of 3∗3 whereas the maxpool layer is using the kernel size of 2∗2.The dermoscopy images are taken from the HAM10000 dataset.The proposed model is compared with the three different models of ResNet that are ResNet18,ResNet50 and ResNet101.The models are simulated with 32 batch size and Adadelta optimizer.The proposed model has obtained the best accuracy value of 0.96 whereas the ResNet101 model has obtained 0.90,the ResNet50 has obtained 0.89 and the ResNet18 model has obtained value as 0.86.Therefore,features obtained from the proposed model are more capable for improving the classification performance of multiple skin disease classes.This model can be used for early diagnosis of skin disease and can also act as a second opinion tool for dermatologists.

Study on Preventive Effect of Cecropin and Lysozyme on Skin Fester Disease in Trionyx sinensis

[ Objective ] This study was to investigate the preventive effect of cecropin and lysozyme on skin fester disease in Trionyx sinensis. [ Method ] By employing intramuscular injection method, the preventive effect of mixtures of cecropin （10 mg/kg） and lysozyme（ 10 mg/kg） and of cecropin（6 mg/kg） and lysozyme（ 5 mg/kg） were challenged on Aeromonas encheleia-caused skin fester disease in T. sinensis. The mortality and relative percent survival were used evaluate the preventive effect of different drugs. The serum agglutination titer, cytophagocytosis and bactericidal activity were detected to compare the effect of drugs on the immunity and disease resistance of T. sinensis. [ Result] The residue concentrations of gentamicin and lysozyme in serum were compared to evaluate the side effect of drugs used challenged. The results showed that combined use of cecropin and lysozyme gave the best preventive effect and immunity in T. sinensis, with an extremely significant difference from other treatments （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Analysis of drug residue in serum indicated that lysozyme was completely metabolized 6 days after medication, while gentamicin residue was still observed 12 days later. [ Conclusion] The combined application of cecropin and lysozyme showed better preventive effect than antibiotics in fester disease of T. sinensis. Moreover, no drug residue and side effect were observed in the combined use treatment. This method avoids the side effect of antibiotics, worthy of extension at commercial scale.

Skin disease and thyroid autoimmunity in atopic South Italian children

AIM:To verify the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity(TA) and the possible association between atopy and TA in children affected by skin disease.METHODS:Three hundred and twenty-four children consecutively referred due to skin disease symptoms to our Pediatric Department were enrolled.One hundred and eighty-seven were diagnosed with atopic dermatitis(AD),95 with acute urticaria,40 with chronic urticaria(CU),and 2 with alopecia areata(AA).According to the work-up for atopy,the children were divided into two groups:Atopics and non-atopics.TA was diagnosed by serum thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies and/or thyroglobulin autoantibodies levels more than twice normal values over a period of two months by immunoassay.RESULTS:In all children with skin disease,a significant prevalence of TA in atopies compared with non-atopies(13.67%vs 2.67%,P=0.0016) and a significant association between TA and atopy(OR=5.76,95%CI:1.71-19.35) were observed.These findings were confirmed as significant in children with AD:TA in atopies was 11.5%,while TA in non-atopies was2.7%(P=0.03,OR=4.68,95%CI:1.02-21.38).In addition,atopics with CU showed a significantly higher prevalence of TA(26.9%),but none of the non-atopics showed CU(P=0.0326).On the other hand,atopies with AA showed a 100%(2 out of 2) prevalence of TA,compared with none of the non-atopies.CONCLUSION:In children with skin disease,atopy seems to be associated with an increased risk of TA.

A summary about dendritic cells in skin diseases

Dendritic cellls (DCs) comprise an es se ntial component of the immune system, are crucial in the initiation of antigen s pecific immune responses. In this summary we focus on summarizing on the central role of DCs in skin diseases: Bullous dermatoses, Dermatitis, Psoriasis, Lichen Planus , Graft-versus-host disease, Connect Tissue Diseases, Virus Diseases, Fungi Diseases, HIV, Urticaria, Urticaria pigmentosa, Mastocytosis, Tumour, Sola r dermatoses. Moreover,in this summary we review the distribution and phenotype of DCs in human skin. Markers and phenotyps 's study have provided strong suppo rt for a concept in which DCs play an important role in the pothogenesis of som e skin diseases.

Helicobacter pylori and inflammatory skin diseases

Throughout the history of mankind, infections have been the major cause of diseases. Over the last decades, not only the incidence of emerging infectious diseases have increased, but also tremendous strides have been made in understanding the biology of several pathogenic microorganisms. Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) is a spiral-shaped, gram-negative bacterium, which infects over the half of the world's population. H. pylori has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of gastrointestinal disorders. However, new researches have demonstrated that H. pylori is also involved in the pathogenesis of various extragastric diseases. The difference in the clinical outcome of H. pylori infection may be explained, at least in part, by host response to the infection and H. pylori virulence factors. It is obvious that as developments in the research on H. pylori spring up, an understanding of the pathophysiology of H. pylori infection will continue to be identified. Here in this review, we summarize the current knowledge about H. pylori and its association with inflammatory skin diseases.

Sequence Analysis of Attachment Gene of Lumpy Skin Disease and Sheep Poxviruses

In Egypt,protection of cattle against lumpy skin disease (LSD) was carried out using a sheep poxvirus (Kenyan strain) vaccination strategy.In the present study 15 skin nodules from LSD suspected cows and 5 scab samples from sheep pox (SP) suspected sheep were collected.Hyperimmune rabbit sera to Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV)/Ismailyia88 strain and sheep pox virus (SPV)/ Kenyan vaccinal strain were prepared.The causative agent in the collected samples was identified using immunoflourescence (IF) and immunoperoxidase techniques.Of the 15 skin nodules suspected of LSD,10 showed a positive reaction and 3 out of 5 skin scabs suspected of sheeppox were found to be positive.An antigenic correlation between field skin isolate of LSDV,tissue culture adapted LSDV/Ismailyia88 strain,field skin isolate of SPV and SPV/Kenyan vaccinal strain was studied using prepared hyperimmune sera.Also,nucleotide sequence of the PCR amplified attachment gene fragments of field skin isolate of LSDV,tissue culture adapted LSDV/Ismailyia88 strain,field skin isolate of SPV and SPV /Kenyan vaccinal strain were compared.The results revealed that the four used viruses were antigenically identical.Sequence analysis indicated that field skin LSDV isolate is more related to tissue culture adapted LSDV/Ismailyia88 strain than to vaccinal SPV/ Kenyan strain and the skin isolate of SPV is more closely related to field skin isolate of LSDV than to SPV/Kenyan vaccinal strain.Thus,further study should be applied on the advantage of a LSD vaccine prepared from LSDV in protection of cattle against LSD compared to the commonly used sheep pox vaccine.

Early SkinDiseaseIdentification Using Deep Neural Network

Skin lesions detection and classification is a prominent issue and difficult even for extremely skilled dermatologists and pathologists.Skin disease is the most common disorder triggered by fungus,viruses,bacteria,allergies,etc.Skin diseases are most dangerous and may be the cause of serious damage.Therefore,it requires to diagnose it at an earlier stage,but the diagnosis therapy itself is complex and needs advanced laser and photonic therapy.This advance therapy involvesfinancial burden and some other ill effects.Therefore,it must use artificial intelligence techniques to detect and diagnose it accurately at an earlier stage.Several techniques have been proposed to detect skin disease at an earlier stage but fail to get accuracy.Therefore,the primary goal of this paper is to classify,detect and provide accurate information about skin diseases.This paper deals with the same issue by proposing a high-performance Convolution neural network(CNN)to classify and detect skin disease at an earlier stage.The complete meth-odology is explained in different folds:firstly,the skin diseases images are pre-processed with processing techniques,and secondly,the important feature of the skin images are extracted.Thirdly,the pre-processed images are analyzed at different stages using a Deep Convolution Neural Network(DCNN).The approach proposed in this paper is simple,fast,and shows accurate results up to 98%and used to detect six different disease types.

Fecal microbiota transplant and dermatologic disorders:A retrospective cohort study assessing the gut microbiome’s role in skin disease

BACKGROUND There is indication that fecal microbiota transplant(FMT)has the potential to alter the course of chronic skin disease,but few studies have investigated this phenomenon beyond case reports.Research with larger sample sizes is needed to provide a more thorough assessment of possible associations and to establish a broader foundation upon which to base hypotheses.AIM To identify associations between FMT and skin conditions,particularly infectious and inflammatory etiologies,and the role of dermatology post-FMT.METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving a chart review of all patients whom received FMT between January 2013 and December 2019 at a single academic medical center.Dermatologic follow-up was assessed for the two years after FMT or through March 2020 for more recent procedures.Dermatologic diagnoses and visits within the study time frame were recorded and assessed for trends.This study was exploratory in nature.Descriptive statistics were calculated,and the t-test,Pearson’s chi-squared test,and Fisher’s exact test were used to calculate P values.RESULTS Median age was 38(range,17-90).In total,109 patients who underwent 111 fecal microbiota transplant events were included.Twenty-six events(23.4%)involved a dermatology office visit post-procedure,and of these events,20 out of the 26(76.9%)had an infectious or inflammatory skin condition.The mean time to first visit was 10.0(±7.0)mo.The most common diagnoses were dermatophyte,wart(s),and dermatitis,though no specific diagnoses predominated in a way indicating FMT had a significant impact.More patients with a post-FMT skin disease diagnosis had a history of Crohn’s disease compared to those without(P=0.022),but results could be affected by a small sample size.CONCLUSION Our study is limited by its retrospective nature,but the findings allow a glimpse at dermatologic conditions post-FMT.Few significant associations were found,but potential associations between FMT and skin disease should be further investigated,preferably in prospective studies,to identify how FMT might be of use for treating infectious and inflammatory skin diseases.

Ethnomedicinal plants used in the treatment of skin diseases in Hyderabad Karnataka region,Karnataka,India

Objective:To document traditional medicinal plants knowledge used in treating skin diseases at Hyderabad Karnataka Region.Methods:The information on the use of medicinal plants in the treatment of skin diseases was gathered from traditional herbal healers and other villagers through interviews.Results:A total of 60 plants species belonging to 57 genera and 34 families were found useful and herewith described them along with the method of drug preparation,mode of administration,probable dosage and duration of treatment.Several new findings on the traditional rural practices were reported.Conclusions:The present study revealed that the Hyderabad Kamataka rural people is primarily dependent on medicinal plants for treating skin diseases.

Opportunities and Challenges:Classification of Skin Disease Based on Deep Learning

Deep learning has become an extremely popular method in recent years,and can be a powerful tool in complex,prior-knowledge-required areas,especially in the field of biomedicine,which is now facing the problem of inadequate medical resources.The application of deep learning in disease diagnosis has become a new research topic in derma-tology.This paper aims to provide a quick review of the classification of skin disease using deep learning to summa-rize the characteristics of skin lesions and the status of image technology.We study the characteristics of skin disease and review the research on skin disease classification using deep learning.We analyze these studies using datasets,data processing,classification models,and evaluation criteria.We summarize the development of this field,illustrate the key steps and influencing factors of dermatological diagnosis,and identify the challenges and opportunities at this stage.Our research confirms that a skin disease recognition method based on deep learning can be superior to professional dermatologists in specific scenarios and has broad research prospects.

Research on the Progress of Treating Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease with Modified Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a high-incidence digestive system disease. Western medicine mainly uses drugs such as proton pump inhibitors to inhibit gastric acid secretion, but some patients are accompanied by symptoms such as non-acid reflux and gas reflux, which cannot effectively treat the disease. It is necessary to actively explore other treatment schemes. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history of research on gastroesophageal reflux disease, which emphasizes the treatment based on syndrome differentiation as a whole. Through the treatment of various and multi-component TCM prescriptions, the patient’s body condition can be adjusted, and the treatment effect on gastroesophageal reflux disease is reliable, which has obvious therapeutic advantages. To further clarify the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease, this study reviewed and analyzed the research progress of the treatment of liver disease with modified prescriptions, and the report is as follows.

Androgens/Androgen Receptor in the Management of Skin Diseases

Beyond regulation of male sexual function, the increasing evidence shows that androgens and androgen receptor (AR) have a variety of physiological and pathological effects on the skin. Skin cells express all androgen metabolizing enzymes that are required for independent skin androgen synthesis and the development of hyperandrogenic related disorders such as acne, hirsutism and androgenetic alopecia. Targeting various elements of androgen function and metabolism is the major goal of medication design for the treatment of androgen-related diseases. Antiandrogen drugs such as clascoterone, flutamide could improve conditions. Even though the involvement of androgens and AR in skin diseases has been investigated for a long time, their molecular mechanisms in skin disorders remain largely insufficient. In this review, recent studies and advances on the role of androgens/AR in several skin-related diseases and their therapeutics are systematically summarized.

Epidemiological Study and Optimal Control for Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in Ethiopia

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an infectious, fatal skin disease of cattle caused by a virus of the family Poxviridae (genus Capripox). In addition, severely affected animals suffer from reduced weight, cessation of milk production and infertility. The aim of this paper is to computationally apply epidemiological (SEIR) and optimal control (OC) techniques to study the transmission and the impact of vaccination on LSD. Based on our numerical experiments, we were able to deduce the overall impact of the optimal strategy adopted for this study on the cattle population for vaccination rates within the range of 0 ≤ v ≤ 0.85. It is shown that the vaccination as a control strategy significantly reduced the effects of LSD on the cattle population if properly managed and that an optimal performance of the control strategy adopted hererin is achieved at an approximate value of v = 0.6.

A physically active lifestyle is related to a lower level of skin autofluorescence in a large population with chronic-disease(LifeLines cohort)

Background:Physical activity(PA)has substantial health benefits and is important in combatting chronic diseases,which have been associated with elevated levels of advanced glycation endproducts(AGEs).AGEs play a role in the aging process,and an association between PA and AGEs has been reported.We aimed to investigate the relationship between PA and AGE accumulation in a general population and in a population with chronic diseases.Methods:This large cross-sectional population study used data from adult participants in the LifeLines project,with participant information drawn from the LifeLines database as well data from patients with diabetes mellitus or renal and/or cardiovascular diseases.Tissue AGE accumulation was assessed non-invasively by skin-autofluorescence(SAF)using an AGE reader(DiagnOptics Technologies BV,Groningen,the Netherlands).PA was assessed using the short questionnaire to assess health-enhancing physical activity(SQUASH).Multivariate linear regression analyses were adjusted for age,body mass index,sex,and smoking status.Results:Data from 63,452 participants(general population n=59,177,chronic disease n=4275)were analyzed.The general population was significantly younger(43.58±11.77 years,mean±SD)and had significantly lower SAF(1.90±0.42 arbitrary units(AU))compared to the population with chronic disease(age:55.51±12.07 years;SAF:2.27±0.51 AU).In the group with chronic disease,more hours of moderate to vigorous physical activities per week were associated with lower SAF(β=-0.002,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-0.002 to-0.001).For the general population,there was no association between hours of moderate to vigorous activity and SAF(β=3.2×10^(-5),95%CI:0.000-0.001,p=0.742).However,there was an association in the general population between total hours of PA per week and SAF(β=4.2×10^(-4),95%CI:0.000-0.001,p<0.001),but this association was not found in the chronic disease population(β=-3.2×10^(-4),95%CI:-0.001 to 0.000,p=0.347).Conclusion:Our study demonstrates that an inverse relationship exists between PA and AGE accumulation in the population with chronic disease.More hours of moderate to vigorous activity is associated a significantly decreased SAF.More PA is associated a lower SAF,even after for the established predictors(age,body mass index,smoking status,and sex).Our findings could help to promote health and prolong longevity.

Exploring the characteristics of inquiry and the correlation with TCM syndromes about the patients with cardiovascular disease

Objective:Inquiry occupies an important position in the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)diagnostic methods.Observing the characteristics of inquiry symptoms and the correlation with TCM syndromes can determine the important guiding significance to build recognition model and diagnostic criteria of syndrome.Methods:In this study,we collected 3707 valid cases,analyzed the inquiry symptoms of patients with cardiovascular disease,then to explore the distribution of inquiry information and the correlation with TCM syndromes based on the methods,such as frequency analysis,expert score,and correlation analysis.Results:We found the symptoms of frequency analysis and expert symptom score all in the top 50,add up to 41.According to the results by correlation analysis,the correlation coefficient between each symptom and each syndrome are sorted from high to low,the same with the experts score to each inquiry symptom basing on its importance of in diagnosing each syndrome.Conclusion:Inquiry occupies an important effect in differentiation syndrome.This research could provide certain objective basis for establishment of TCM syndromes diagnostic criteria of cardiovascular disease,thus provide some ideas and methods for the research of establishing TCM syndrome identification model,then to provide a reference for the syndrome standardization and objectification.

Characteristic changes of intestinal flora and its correlation with clinical indexes in patients with Behcet's disease based on TCM syndromes

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of intestinal microflora in patients with Behcet's disease of damp heat syndrome by 16S rRNA technique and its correlation with clinical indexes;Methods: 49 patients with Behcet's disease were divided into Shire group (SR, n =19) and non-shire group (Non-SR, n = 30), and 43 healthy subjects were selected as control group. The basic information and laboratory test indexes of three groups were collected, and fecal samples were collected to detect the diversity and abundance of intestinal flora in each group by 16S rRNA. Results: Compared with Non-SR group, the incidence of ocular involvement was higher in SR group (P<0.05). At the same time, WBC, CRP, ESR and IgG in SR group were significantly higher than those in Non-SR group (P<0.05). The results of alpha diversity showed that the ace, Chao 1 and Shannon indexes of the SR group were significantly lower than those of the healthy group and the Non-SR group, while the Simpson index was significantly higher (P<0.05). Compared with the Non-SR group, the abundance of Actinobacteria phylum increased in the SR group (P<0.05);the level abundance of Collinsella, Intestinimonas and Enterobacteriaceae_ unclassified genus were increased, and the level abundance of Clostridiales_unclassified, Ruminococcaceae_UCG009, and Ruminococcus_gauvre auii_group genus were decreased (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that Oscillospira abundance was positively correlated with WBC, CRP, ESR and IgG levels, while Eubacterium and Cetobacterium abundance were negatively correlated with WBC, CRP, ESR and IgG levels. Conclusion: The change of intestinal flora is involved in the pathogenesis of BD. At the same time, there are differences in intestinal flora in different types of BD patients. In addition, the specific flora in intestinal tract is closely related to the serum inflammation and immune indexes of BD.