Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in the Surgical Area at the Kara Teaching Hospital

Objective: To report the management of skin and soft tissue infections in the surgical area of Kara University Hospital in Togo. Material and Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022, in the general surgery and orthopedic trauma departments. The study focused on soft tissue infections of the pelvic and thoracic limbs and analyzed epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic, and evolutionary data. Results: We registered 165 patients, comprising 109 men and 56 women.The sex ratio (F/H) were 0.51. The mean age was 45 years with extremes ranging from 23 to 90 years. Farmers (64.8%) followed by housewives (34.0%) were the social strata most affected. The consultation period varied between 1 and 90 days. The pathologies found were necrotizing fasciitis (53.3%), erysipelas (18.2%), infected limb wounds (12.1%), pyomyositis (9.7%), and necrotizing dermo-hypodermitis (1.8%). The main procedures performed were necrosectomy and grafting (62.9%), sample necrosectomy (18.8%), drainage (9.7%), and pelvic limb amputation (1.2%). Follow-up was favorable in 86.7% of cases. The study noted a death rate of 13.3% due to septic shock secondary to a delay in consultation. Conclusion: Skin and soft tissue infections were a common reason for surgical hospitalization at Kara University Hospital, with a high mortality rate due to delayed consultations.

Application of a pre-filled tissue expander for preventing soft tissue incarceration during tibial distraction osteogenesis

BACKGROUND Bone transport and distraction osteogenesis has been widely used to treat bone defects after traumatic surgery,but,skin and soft tissue incarceration can be as high as 27.6%.AIM To investigate the efficacy of inserting a tissue expander to prevent soft tissue incarceration.METHODS Between January 2016 and December 2018,12 patients underwent implantation of a tissue expander in the subcutaneous layer in the vicinity of a tibial defect to maintain the soft tissue in position.A certain amount of normal saline was injected into the tissue expander during surgery and was then gradually extracted to shrink the expander during the course of transport distraction osteogenesis.The tissue expander was removed when the two ends of the tibial defect were close enough.RESULTS In all 12 patients,the expanders remained intact in the subcutaneous layer of the bone defect area during the course of transport distraction osteogenesis.When bone transport was adequate,the expander was removed and the bone transport process was completed.During the whole process,there was no incarceration of skin and soft tissue in the bone defect area.Complications occurred in one patient,who experienced poor wound healing.CONCLUSION The pre-filled expander technique can effectively avoid soft tissue incarceration.The authors’primary success with this method indicates that it may be a valuable tool in the management of incarcerated soft tissue.

Molecular Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus among Patients with Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in Two Chinese Hospitals

Background：Staphylococcus aureus is one of the predominant causes of skin and soft tissue infections （SSTIs）,but limited data were available regarding the characterization of S.aureus from SSTIs patients in Jiangsu Province in China.We aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology ofS.aureus among SSTIs patients in two hospitals of Jiangsu Province.Methods：Sixty-two patients with SSTIs from two Chinese hospitals in Jiangsu Province were enrolled in this study,and 62 S.aureus isolates were collected from February 2014 to January 2015.S.aureus isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing,toxin gene detection,and molecular typing with sequence type,Staphylococcus protein A gene type,accessorygeneregulator（agr）group,and Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type.Results：Sixteen （25.8%） methicillin-resistant S.aureus （MRSA） isolates were detected,and there was no isolate found resistant to vancomycin,teicoplanin,sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim,and linezolid.The sei was the toxin gene most frequently found,and no lukS/F-PV-positive isolates were detected among the SSTIs＆#39; patients.Molecular analysis revealed that ST398 （10/62,16.1%;2 MRSA and 8 methicillin-susceptible S.aureus） to be the dominant clone,followed by ST5 （8/62,12.9%） and ST7 （8/62,12.9%）.Conclusions：The livestock ST398 was the most common clone among patients with S.aureus SSTIs in Jiangsu Province,China.Surveillance and further studies on the important livestock ST398 clone in human infections are necessarily requested.

Risk stratification system for skin and soft tissue infections after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation:PAH risk score

Skin and soft tissue infections(SSTIs)refer to infections involving the skin,subcutaneous tissue,fascia,and muscle.In transplant populations with hematological malignancies,an immunocompromised status and the routine use of immunosuppressants increase the risk of SSTIs greatly.However,to date,the profiles and clinical outcomes of SSTIs in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)patients remain unclear.This study included 228 patients(3.67%)who developed SSTIs within 180 days after allogeneic HSCT from January 2004 to December 2019 in Peking University People’s Hospital.The overall annual survival rate was 71.5%.We compared the differences between survivors and non-survivors a year after transplant and found that primary platelet graft failure(PPGF),comorbidities of acute kidney injury(AKI),and hospital-acquired pneumonia(HAP)were independent risk factors for death in the study population.A PPGF-AKI-HAP risk stratification system was established with a mortality risk score of 1×PPGF+1×AKI+1×HAP.The areas under the curves of internal and external validation were 0.833(95%CI 0.760–0.906)and 0.826(95%CI 0.715–0.937),respectively.The calibration plot revealed the high consistency of the estimated risks,and decision curve analysis showed considerable net benefits for patients.

Formulation and Evaluation of Yemeni Potash Alum as Hydrophilic Topical Preparations against Candidiasis and Aspergillosis

Background:Skin and soft tissue infections are frequent.Candidiasis and Aspergillosis are the most common cutaneous fungal infections.Yemeni alum(Aluminium Potassium Sulphate)is a natural mineral with antifungal and antibacterial properties.Objective:This study aimed to confirm Yemeni alum’s antifungal effectiveness against selected fungal strains and develop useful topical formulations.Methods:Using different alum concentrations,we prepared twenty-three formulations,including four non-adjusted aqueous solutions,eight adjusted pH aqueous solutions,eight glycerite solutions,and three Oil/Water cream formulations.Then,we examined the antifungal activity against the suggested fungus.The animal skin irritation test evaluated the local skin sensitivity reactions that might happen upon using the formulations we pre-pared on the intact animal’s skin.Additionally,this study also included six weeks of stability testing to estimate the expected shelf life(t90)of the selected formulations.Results:Alum exerted antifungal effect against Candida albicans,Aspergillus niger,and Aspergillus flavus.The animal’s skin was not irritated by any of the formulations examined.The 5%alum aqueous solution and the 10%alum Oil/Water cream exhibited promising results among all tested formulations.The approximate formulation’s shelf-lives(t90)were 2 and 1.52 years with alum content(%)ranging between 105.75%to 106.02%,respectively.Conclusion:Based on the results we found,10%alum Oil/Water cream is a promising formulation for large-scale manufacture.