The sleep mode which works upon low arrival traffic is introduced in IEEE802.16e standard to reduce the power consumption of the mobile access terminal. Due to the rapid growth in the sleep interval in the exponential...The sleep mode which works upon low arrival traffic is introduced in IEEE802.16e standard to reduce the power consumption of the mobile access terminal. Due to the rapid growth in the sleep interval in the exponential growth algorithm prescribed in IEEE802.16e, the power saving efficiency of the mobile access terminal is limited and the average delay time of receiving data frames is prolonged when the arrival rate of data frames is low. To obtain lower power consumption and shorter average delay time, the l...展开更多
IEEE 802.16e is currently the latest broadband wireless access standard designed to support mobility. In mobile networks, how to control energy consumption is one of the most important issues for battery-powered mobil...IEEE 802.16e is currently the latest broadband wireless access standard designed to support mobility. In mobile networks, how to control energy consumption is one of the most important issues for battery-powered mobile stations. The standard proposes an energy saving mechanism named ＇sleep mode＇ for conserving the power of mobile stations. According to the operation principle of the sleep mode for downlink traffic in the type I power saving class, considering the self-similar nature of massive multimedia data in wireless networks, a discrete-time batch arrival Geom^x/G/1 queuing model with a close-down time and multiple vacations is built. The batch size is supposed to be Pareto distributed. By employing an embedded Markov chain method, the average queue length and the average sojourn time of the system model are derived. Correspondingly, the performance measures are obtained of the energy saving rate and the average packet delay time for the sleep mode in the IEEE 802.16e. The numerical results demonstrate the dependency relationships between the system performance measures and the system parameters with different offered loads and different self-similar degrees. Furthermore, a cost model is developed to determine the optimum length of the close-down time for minimizing the total system cost.展开更多
目的:分析5E理念下渐进性康复干预在糖尿病肾病(DN)血液透析患者中的应用效果。方法:选取2023年1—12月福建省泉州第一医院收治的维持性血液透析(MHD)的DN患者110例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组55例。对照组...目的:分析5E理念下渐进性康复干预在糖尿病肾病(DN)血液透析患者中的应用效果。方法:选取2023年1—12月福建省泉州第一医院收治的维持性血液透析(MHD)的DN患者110例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组55例。对照组给予常规治疗护理干预,观察组给予5E理念下渐进性康复干预。比较2组患者干预前与12周后空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平的差异,采用血液透析患者自我管理量表评估2组患者的自我管理能力,采用阿森斯失眠量表(AIS)比较2组患者干预前后睡眠障碍的发生情况。结果:干预后,观察组12周后血液透析患者自我管理量表评分高于对照组,空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)及糖化血红蛋白水平(HbA1c)显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:5E理念下渐进性康复干预可提升DN血液透析患者自我管理能力与血糖控制效果,减少睡眠障碍的发生,值得临床推广应用。展开更多
基金Supported by the Major National Science and Technology Special Project (No. 2010ZX03004-002)
文摘The sleep mode which works upon low arrival traffic is introduced in IEEE802.16e standard to reduce the power consumption of the mobile access terminal. Due to the rapid growth in the sleep interval in the exponential growth algorithm prescribed in IEEE802.16e, the power saving efficiency of the mobile access terminal is limited and the average delay time of receiving data frames is prolonged when the arrival rate of data frames is low. To obtain lower power consumption and shorter average delay time, the l...
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10671170, 60773100)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (2009000475, 2008000864)
文摘IEEE 802.16e is currently the latest broadband wireless access standard designed to support mobility. In mobile networks, how to control energy consumption is one of the most important issues for battery-powered mobile stations. The standard proposes an energy saving mechanism named ＇sleep mode＇ for conserving the power of mobile stations. According to the operation principle of the sleep mode for downlink traffic in the type I power saving class, considering the self-similar nature of massive multimedia data in wireless networks, a discrete-time batch arrival Geom^x/G/1 queuing model with a close-down time and multiple vacations is built. The batch size is supposed to be Pareto distributed. By employing an embedded Markov chain method, the average queue length and the average sojourn time of the system model are derived. Correspondingly, the performance measures are obtained of the energy saving rate and the average packet delay time for the sleep mode in the IEEE 802.16e. The numerical results demonstrate the dependency relationships between the system performance measures and the system parameters with different offered loads and different self-similar degrees. Furthermore, a cost model is developed to determine the optimum length of the close-down time for minimizing the total system cost.
文摘目的:分析5E理念下渐进性康复干预在糖尿病肾病(DN)血液透析患者中的应用效果。方法:选取2023年1—12月福建省泉州第一医院收治的维持性血液透析(MHD)的DN患者110例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组55例。对照组给予常规治疗护理干预,观察组给予5E理念下渐进性康复干预。比较2组患者干预前与12周后空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平的差异,采用血液透析患者自我管理量表评估2组患者的自我管理能力,采用阿森斯失眠量表(AIS)比较2组患者干预前后睡眠障碍的发生情况。结果:干预后,观察组12周后血液透析患者自我管理量表评分高于对照组,空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)及糖化血红蛋白水平(HbA1c)显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:5E理念下渐进性康复干预可提升DN血液透析患者自我管理能力与血糖控制效果,减少睡眠障碍的发生,值得临床推广应用。
