Upper-Bound Limit Analysis of the Multi-Layer Slope Stability and Failure Mode Based on Generalized Horizontal Slice Method

Multi-layer slopes are widely found in clay residue receiving fields.A generalized horizontal slice method(GHSM)for assessing the stability of multi-layer slopes that considers the energy dissipation between adjacent horizontal slices is presented.In view of the upper-bound limit analysis theory,the energy equation is derived and the ultimate failure mode is generated by comparing the sliding surface passing through the slope toe(mode A)with that below(mode B).In addition,the influence of the number of slices on the stability coefficients in the GHSM is studied and the stable value is obtained.Compared to the original method(Chen’s method),the GHSM can acquire more precise results,which takes into account the energy dissipation in the inner sliding soil mass.Moreover,the GHSM,limit equilibrium method(LEM)and numerical simulation method(NSM)are applied to analyze the stability of a multi-layer slope with different slope angles and the results of the safety factor and failure mode are very close in each case.The ultimate failure modes are shown to be mode B when the slope angle is not more than 28°.It illustrates that the determination of the ultimate sliding surface requires comparison of multiple failure modes,not only mode A.

Improved Statically Solvable Slice Method for Slope Stability Analysis

Although slice methods are simple and effective slope stability analysis approaches,they are statically indeterminate.Several modifications of the slice method,such as the Spencer,MorgensternPrice,and Chen-Morgenstern methods,are statically determinate and solvable as they assume the inter-slice force inclination angle;however,there is a small gap between the assumptions and actual landslide stability analysis.Through reasonable theoretical analysis,the Su slice method provides a reliable approach for determining the inter-slice force inclination angle that can be used in slice analysis to accurately analyse,calculate,and evaluate the stability of landslides.However,the Su slice method requires further research and analysis,especially in terms of the parameter values sinλbiandρ.In this study,we investigated more accurate methods for calculating the parameters sinλbiandρ.In addition,an adjustment coefficient(μ)was introduced to improve the solution method for the inter-slice force inclination angle.The inter-slice force inclination and safety factors of three landslides with arc-shaped slip surfaces and one landslide with a polyline-shaped slip surface were analysed and compared using the different slice methods.The improved inter-slice force inclination not only satisfies the calculation of static force equilibrium condition but also satisfies the calculation of both the force and moment equilibrium conditions.The improved method for calculating inter-slice force inclination presented the best correlation.The safety factors calculated using the improved Su slice method were close to those obtained using numerical simulations and the Morgenstern-Price method.Despite negligible differences among the safety factors calculated using the Su slice,improved Su slice,and M-P methods,the accuracy of the improved Su slice method was better than the M-P method in terms of inter-slice force inclination angles which can be useful to improve protection engineering design.

Time Slice Analysis Method Based on OTCA Used in fMRI Weak Signal Function Extraction

The original temporal clustering analysis (OTCA) is an effective technique for obtaining brain activation maps when the timing and location of the activation are completely unknown, but its deficiency of sensitivity is exposed in processing brain activation signal which is relatively weak. The time slice analysis method based on OTCA is proposed considering the weakness of the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal of the rat model. By dividing the stimulation period into several time slices and analyzing each slice to detect the activated pixels respectively after the background removal, the sensitivity is significantly improved. The inhibitory response in the hypothalamus after glucose loading is detected successfully with this method in the experiment on rat. Combined with the OTCA method, the time slice analysis method based on OTCA is effective on detecting when, where and which type of response will happen after stimulation, even if the fMRI signal is weak.

Rock bridge slice element method in slope stability analysis based on multi-scale geological structure mapping

The searching method of failure surface which consists of complex geological structures in high and steep rock slopes was studied. Based on computer simulation technology and Monte-Carlo method, three dimensional multi-scale geological structures such as engineering scale and statistical scale structures of the slope were simulated. The searching method of failure route which consists of joints and rock bridges was determined via simulation annealing method by considering the shear strength of joints or rock bridges in one supposed route. When shear strengths of all the supposed routes were computed, the least shear strength route was considered failure route. Then, the inclined slice of joint slices and rock bridge slices were separated according to the position of joints and rock bridges. For the rock bridge slices, by distinguishing the failure model, the force direction to the next slice was defined. Finally, the limit equilibrium equations for every slice were established, and the slope stability factor was obtained. One practical example indicates that the discussed method is more closely to the real condition.

Stability analysis of tunnel face reinforced with face bolts

Face bolting has been widely utilized to enhance the stability of tunnel face,particularly in soft soil tunnels.However,the influence of bolt reinforcement and its layout on tunnel face stability has not been systematically studied.Based on the theory of linear elastic mechanics,this study delved into the specific mechanisms of bolt reinforcement on the tunnel face in both horizontal and vertical dimensions.It also identified the primary failure types of bolts.Additionally,a design approach for tunnel face bolts that incorporates spatial layout was established using the limit equilibrium method to enhance the conventional wedge-prism model.The proposed model was subsequently validated through various means,and the specific influence of relevant bolt design parameters on tunnel face stability was analyzed.Furthermore,design principles for tunnel face bolts under different geological conditions were presented.The findings indicate that bolt failure can be categorized into three stages:tensile failure,pullout failure,and comprehensive failure.Increasing cohesion,internal friction angle,bolt density,and overlap length can effectively enhance tunnel face stability.Due to significant variations in stratum conditions,tailored design approaches based on specific failure stages are necessary for bolt design.

不同干燥方式对柠檬片品质的影响

该研究旨在探究不同干燥方式对贮藏期柠檬片品质的影响。分别采用真空冷冻干燥(vacuum freeze drying,VFD)、热风干燥(hot air drying,HAD)、微波干燥(microwave drying,MD)3种方式加工制备柠檬片,并研究了3种干燥方式对柠檬片色泽、基础品质、营养物质和风味的影响。结果表明,柠檬片经过真空冷冻干燥、热风干燥、微波干燥不同干燥处理后品质与风味不同。冻干组柠檬片具有较小的收缩率(11.65%),较高的复水比(5.14)、亮度值(48.6)和V_(C)含量(3.13 mg/g DW),电子鼻各传感器的响应值较高,即其色泽、品质、风味都优于热风干燥与微波干燥方式。因此,使用冻干工艺可以保证品质。

基于四段指标评估法的卢文·菲鲁斯削球打法技战术分析

运用四段指标评估法深度剖析德国乒乓球男子削球运动员卢文·菲鲁斯(Ruwen Filus)五场比赛的技战术,研究外协会男子运动员削球打法特点,丰富国内削球打法。文章采用了文献资料法、录像观察法、数理统计法进行分析。研究发现,卢文·菲鲁斯在发抢段的使用率和得分率最为突出;在接抢段使用率较低,但得分率较高;在相持I段,使用率和得分率均较好;在相持II段的发抢率是最高的。综合分析卢文·菲鲁斯抢攻能力突出,值得国内削球运动员借鉴,具有重要参考价值。

基于改进条分法的滑坡稳定性分析

为了研究边坡渐进破坏过程及稳定性演化规律,在传统条分法基础上引入两种土体本构模型,将变形与受力结合建立新型条分法,并提出一种新型边坡稳定性分析方法,从滑面点、滑面和滑体进行多维度描述,有效地展现滑坡渐进破坏过程。对卡子湾滑坡进行实例分析,结果表明:用传统稳定性方法计算的稳定系数为1.0659,即滑坡为欠稳定状态,结合滑坡的点面体评价指标分析,滑坡在临界状态前移过程中,条分法计算的第29条块出现突变,证明滑坡在临界状态点移动至第29条块后可能会突然发生整体破坏,并且将理想弹塑性模型与剪应力模型的计算结果进行对比分析,得到基于剪应力本构模型的条分法更加接近滑坡受力情况,此类方法可以为滑坡的监测预警提供参考。

基于层一致性平均教师模型的半监督岩石薄片图像分类

传统的岩石薄片图像分类依赖于大量人工标记的图像样本,这种方式受制于标记人员的经验和能力,且无法通过不断增加的未标记岩石薄片图像样本实现分类能力的可扩展式增强。该文提出的在平均教师(mean teacher, MT)模型的基础上,通过在无监督损失中添加层一致性正则化项的方式约束师生模型的层次结构,实现对未标记数据信息的有效利用。消融实验和层一致性平均教师(hierarchy consistency mean teacher, HCMT)模型对比实验结果表明,层一致性正则化方法利用了未标记数据的有效信息,提升了MT模型的分类效果,使得HCMT模型可以在半标记数据集中获得如全标记数据集相似的分类能力。该实验表明,半监督学习模型利用大量未标记岩石薄片图像数据可以提升模型分类的能力。

3D打印技术在舰船管系三维建模设计中的应用

为提升复杂结构舰船管系的设计灵活性,研究3D打印技术在舰船管系三维建模设计中的应用。利用CAD软件建立舰船管系的二维模型,依据舰船管系三角面片的交线段,确定舰船管系的点、线、面关系,将其转换为舰船管系三维模型。将舰船管系三维模型,导入切片软件中,利用切片引擎运行3D打印切片引擎增强处理算法,切片处理舰船管系三维模型,输出舰船管系三维模型的Gcode代码文件。将Gcode代码导入3D打印机,采用Z字填充法填充舰船管系3D打印材料,实现舰船管系模型的3D打印。实验结果表明,该方法可以精准打印舰船管系三维模型,打印结果的尺寸偏差小,提升了舰船管系设计的灵活性。

Simplified method for analyzing soil slope deformation under cyclic loading

Reasonable assessment of slope deformation under cyclic loading is of great significance for securing the safety of slopes. The observations of centrifuge model tests are analyzed on the slope deformation behavior under cyclic loading conditions. The potential slip surface is the key for slope failure and follows two rules:(i) the relative horizontal displacement along the potential slip surface is invariable at an elevation, and(ii) the soil along the slip surface exhibits the same degradation pattern. These rules are effective regardless of the location of the potential slip surface throughout the entire deformation process of a homogeneous slope, ranging from the initial deformation stage to the failure process and to the post-failure stage. A new, simplified method is proposed by deriving the displacement compatibility equation and unified degradation equation according to the fundamental rules. The method has few parameters that can be determined through traditional element tests. The predictions from the proposed method agree with the centrifuge test results with vertical loading and shaking table loading. This result confirms that the proposed method is effective in predicting the full deformation process of slopes under different cyclic loading conditions.

缓倾斜中厚矿体采矿方法研究

该文以国外某缓倾斜中厚铅锌矿体赋存条件及开采技术问题为背景,提出一种高效的垂直分条嗣后充填采矿法,并对该采矿法成功应用存在的技术问题进行分析。针对矿体上盘围岩条件差、下盘三角矿体回收困难,提出双进路出矿巷道2步骤回采控顶技术和预控顶垂直分条嗣后充填采矿法2种解决技术方案,以争取实现此类缓倾斜中厚矿体的安全高效开采。

不同域下基于UNet的三维地震数据重建

由于自然因素的限制以及经济条件的约束,采集到的地震数据通常存在地震道的缺失,需对缺失数据进行插值。然而,目前基于深度学习的方法大多在某一固定的域下完成地震数据的插值。为了对比不同域下地震数据重建结果的差异,本文基于UNet网络,对比了五种不同域下的地震数据插值方法,分别为:t-x(time-space)域,时间切片,f-x(frequency-space)域,频率域按炮切片以及三维方法。在仿真数据集和真实数据集上进行了实验,通过三维重建结果,二维切片,不同缺失率的地震数据重建信噪比以及五种方法的耗时对比,全面展示了几种方法在地震数据重建问题上的差异。实验结果显示,五种方法在一定程度上均可重建缺失数据,其中三维方法可以取得最高的重建精度,和基于f-x域的方法相比,重建信噪比提高了近2 dB;但三维方法以三维数据块作为输入训练网络,所以最为耗时,网络一轮的训练时间比其它方法多70~170 min。此外,对不同缺失率的地震数据重建结果显示,三维方法和基于f-x域的方法在重建高缺失率的地震数据时更有优势。

基于通用条分法的滑坡稳定性计算收敛性问题及解决方法

通用条分法是滑坡稳定性分析的常用方法之一,然而在实际应用中常存在迭代计算求解过程无法收敛的问题。选取某典型滑坡实例,对通用条分法迭代过程不收敛的成因进行剖析,并给出相应的解决方法,采用该方法处理后通用条分法计算过程很快得到收敛,证明该方法有效。

面向防洪排涝的闸站施工质量和进度保障措施研究

防洪排涝工程项目建设关乎人民群众生命财产安全,其质量及进度必须符合标准。针对防洪排涝闸站项目进行研究,并对部分项目提出质量及进度保障措施。结果显示,项目的基桩承载力由250kN提升至300kN左右,基桩承载力提升约21.1%;地连墙整体结构强度获得提升,在同样的高度及宽度下,地连墙沉降量增加0.61mm;项目工期由238天缩短至185天,项目整体效率提升约22%,表明研究提出的质量及进度保障计划效果较为显著。

锚杆(索)在边坡稳定性中的贡献作用探析

杆(索)是边坡治理中常用土工结构,在进行边坡设计时《建筑边坡工程技术规范:GB50330—2013》[1]仅给出不同滑面边坡稳定性的计算方法,并未给出加固治理后边坡稳定性的计算方法。基于瑞典条分法及简化Bishop边坡稳定性分析方法,推导出含锚杆(索)的边坡稳定性计算公式。通过Excel表格进行对边坡稳定性中的抗力、下滑力及锚杆(索)作用力进行分析,然后与理正边坡商业软件计算结果进行对比,验证其正确性。最后对锚杆(索)产生的贡献是作为增加抗力还是减少下滑力进行探讨。研究成果可较直观地理解边坡稳定性计算中的瑞典条分法及简化Bishop法分析方法,对边坡设计初学者具有一定的参考意义。

基于局部区域对应点匹配的MRI图像层间插值方法

目的医学影像层间插值对提高图像分辨率十分重要。基于灰度插值的传统算法在处理结构复杂,层间灰度变化大的区域时常会造成组织细节丢失或边缘模糊。本研究旨在建立一种局部区域对应点匹配插值算法,从而有效改善插值图像质量。方法构建一种局部区域对应点匹配算法。通过将线性插值图像与同位置原始扫描图像之间的对比构建误差图像并确定出高误差区域。对非高误差区域使用线性插值。对于各高误差区分别采用对应点匹配方法处理:首先根据每个区域的局部信息确定其对应于点对匹配度误差函数最小误差的最优参数组,然后为区域内每个插值点找到两侧图像上的最佳匹配点对用于该插值点灰度计算。将此方法应用于轴、矢、冠状位方向系列扫描图像的层间插值,将插值图像与同位置原始扫描图像的均方差作为评价插值质量的标准。结果与其他算法插值结果相比,局部区域对应点匹配算法可显著降低插值误差,矢状位图像插值结果的改善尤为突出。与整体对应点匹配算法插值结果相比,其误差平均值降低达19%,有效改善了原高误差区域的插值质量。结论本研究建立的局部区域对应点匹配插值算法可以有效地解决以往算法在处理复杂组织边界区域插值时的不足,显著提高图像层间插值的精度和质量。

基于模糊数学评定与响应面法优化预制芽菜扣肉工艺

以芽菜、猪五花肉为主要原料,模糊数学感官综合评分为指标,在单因素试验基础上,采用响应面法优化预制芽菜扣肉的制备工艺。结果表明:最佳工艺参数为芽菜增香炒制时间4 min、五花肉油炸温度159℃、五花肉油炸时间5 min、蒸制时间117 min。在此条件下加工的产品色泽红亮,香气浓郁,咸鲜可口,肥而不腻,模糊数学感官综合评分为88.0。

浅析不同脱水工艺对蒜片中营养成分的影响及检测方法

蒜片作为一种重要的调味品和药用植物,不仅富含大量的营养成分,还具有多种生理活性和保健功能,因此,研究蒜片中营养成分的变化规律具有重要意义。本文探讨了不同脱水工艺对蒜片中营养成分的影响,并建立了相应的检测方法,旨在更深入地了解蒜片在不同脱水工艺下营养成分的变化规律。

齿向修鼓和轴向错位直齿轮副刚度的计算方法

针对齿向修鼓和轴向错位直齿轮副刚度激励的问题,提出了一种通用的时变啮合直齿轮副刚度的解析方法。首先,建立了直齿轮齿向修鼓与轴向错位模型,导出了轮齿副总误差计算式;然后,结合了弹性力学理论、齿接触分析(TCA)以及加载齿接触分析(LTCA),对齿向修鼓和轴向错位的直齿轮副加载状态下的啮合特征进行了计算;基于势能法以及切片理论,建立了改进的几何刚度、耦合刚度、赫兹接触刚度以及齿基刚度模型,并进一步推导了齿向修鼓和轴向错位的直齿轮副时变啮合刚度改进解析式;最后,将该方法的计算结果与有限元结果进行了对比分析,对该解析模型进行了验证,并分析了不同鼓形量与错位量对直齿轮副刚度激励的影响。研究结果表明:提出的齿向修鼓和轴向错位直齿轮副刚度计算方法的计算误差为3%,能够准确且有效地分析齿向修鼓和轴向错位直齿轮副的啮合刚度,为齿轮副传动系统的修形设计提供了理论基础。