Robust design of sliding mode control for airship trajectory tracking with uncertainty and disturbance estimation

The robotic airship can provide a promising aerostatic platform for many potential applications.These applications require a precise autonomous trajectory tracking control for airship.Airship has a nonlinear and uncertain dynamics.It is prone to wind disturbances that offer a challenge for a trajectory tracking control design.This paper addresses the airship trajectory tracking problem having time varying reference path.A lumped parameter estimation approach under model uncertainties and wind disturbances is opted against distributed parameters.It uses extended Kalman filter(EKF)for uncertainty and disturbance estimation.The estimated parameters are used by sliding mode controller(SMC)for ultimate control of airship trajectory tracking.This comprehensive algorithm,EKF based SMC(ESMC),is used as a robust solution to track airship trajectory.The proposed estimator provides the estimates of wind disturbances as well as model uncertainty due to the mass matrix variations and aerodynamic model inaccuracies.The stability and convergence of the proposed method are investigated using the Lyapunov stability analysis.The simulation results show that the proposed method efficiently tracks the desired trajectory.The method solves the stability,convergence,and chattering problem of SMC under model uncertainties and wind disturbances.

Encoderless Five-phase PMa-SynRM Drive System Based on Robust Torque-speed Estimator with Super-twisting Sliding Mode Control

In this paper,a robust torque speed estimator(RTSE)for linear parameter changing(LPC)system is proposed and designed for an encoderless five-phase permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor(5-phase PMa-SynRM).This estimator is utilized for estimating the rotor speed and the load torque as well as can solve the speed sensor fault problem,as the feedback speed information is obtained directly from the virtual sensor.In addition,this technique is able to enhance the 5-phase PMa-SynRM performance by estimating the load torque for the real time compensation.The stability analysis of the proposed estimator is performed via Schur complement along with Lyapunov analysis.Furthermore,for improving the 5-phase PMa-SynRM performance,five super-twisting sliding mode controllers(ST-SMCs)are employed with providing a robust response without the impacts of high chattering problem.A super-twisting sliding mode speed controller(ST-SMSC)is employed for controlling the PMa-SynRM rotor speed,and four super-twisting sliding mode current controllers(ST-SMCCs)are employed for controlling the 5-phase PMa-SynRM currents.The stability analysis and the experimental results indicate the effectiveness along with feasibility of the proposed RTSE and the ST-SMSC with ST-SMCCs approach for a 750-W 5-phase PMa-SynRM under load disturbance,parameters variations,single open-phase fault,and adjacent two-phase open circuit fault conditions.

Adaptive Gain Tuning Rule for Nonlinear Sliding-mode Speed Control of Encoderless Three-phase Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Motor

In this paper, an adaptive gain tuning rule is designed for the nonlinear sliding mode speed control(NSMSC) in order to enhance the dynamic performance and the robustness of the permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor(PMa-Syn RM) with considering the parameter uncertainties. A nonlinear sliding surface whose parameters are altering with time is designed at first. The proposed NSMSC can minimize the settling time without any overshoot via utilizing a low damping ratio at starting along with a high damping ratio as the output approaches the target set-point. In addition, it eliminates the problem of the singularity with the upper bound of an uncertain term that is hard to be measured practically as well as ensures a rapid convergence in finite time, through employing a simple adaptation law. Moreover, for enhancing the system efficiency throughout the constant torque region, the control system utilizes the maximum torque per ampere technique. The nonlinear sliding surface stability is assured via employing Lyapunov stability theory. Furthermore, a simple sliding mode estimator is employed for estimating the system uncertainties. The stability analysis and the experimental results indicate the effectiveness along with feasibility of the proposed speed estimation and the NSMSC approach for a 1.1-k W PMa-Syn RM under different speed references, electrical and mechanical parameters disparities, and load disturbance conditions.

Adaptive sliding mode control of modular self-reconfigurable spacecraft with time-delay estimation

The reconstruction control of modular self-reconfigurable spacecraft (MSRS) is addressed using an adaptive sliding mode control (ASMC) scheme based on time-delay estimation (TDE) technology. In contrast to the ground, the base of the MSRS is floating when assembled in orbit, resulting in a strong dynamic coupling effect. A TED-based ASMC technique with exponential reaching law is designed to achieve high-precision coordinated control between the spacecraft base and the robotic arm. TDE technology is used by the controller to compensate for coupling terms and uncertainties, while ASMC can augment and improve TDE’s robustness. To suppress TDE errors and eliminate chattering, a new adaptive law is created to modify gain parameters online, ensuring quick dynamic response and high tracking accuracy. The Lyapunov approach shows that the tracking errors are uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB). Finally, the on-orbit assembly process of MSRS is simulated to validate the efficacy of the proposed control scheme. The simulation results show that the proposed control method can accurately complete the target module’s on-orbit assembly, with minimal perturbations to the spacecraft’s attitude. Meanwhile, it has a high level of robustness and can effectively eliminate chattering.

Nonlinear Control of an Induction Motor Using a Reduced-Order Extended Sliding Mode Observer for Rotor Flux and Speed Sensorless Estimation

This article proposes an innovative strategy to the problem of non-linear estimation of states for electrical machine systems. This method allows the estimation of variables that are difficult to access or that are simply impossible to measure. Thus, as compared with a full-order sliding mode observer, in order to reduce the execution time of the estimation, a reduced-order discrete-time Extended sliding mode observer is proposed for on-line estimation of rotor flux, speed and rotor resistance in an induction motor using a robust feedback linearization control. Simulations results on Matlab-Simulink environment for a 1.8 kW induction motor are presented to prove the effectiveness and high robustness of the proposed nonlinear control and observer against modeling uncertainty and measurement noise.

Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control Based on Longitudinal Force Estimation for Electro-mechanical Braking Systems using BLDC Motor

This paper focuses on the controller design using fuzzy sliding mode control(FSMC)with application to electro-mechanical brake(EMB)systems using BLDC Motor.The EMB controller transmits the control signal to the motor driver to rotate the motor.The torque distribution of motors is studied in this paper actually.Firstly,the model of the EMB system is established.Then the state observer is developed to estimate the vehicle states including the vehicle velocity and longitudinal force.Due to the fact that the EMB system is nonlinear and uncertain,a FSMC strategy based on wheel slip ratio is proposed,where both the normal and emergency braking conditions are taken into account.The equivalent control law of sliding mode controller is designed on the basis of the variation of the front axle and rear axle load during the brake process,while the switching control law is adjusted by the fuzzy corrector.The simulation results illustrate that the FSMC strategy has the superior performance,better adaptability to various types of roads,and shorter braking distance,as compared to PID control and traditional sliding mode control technologies.Finally,the hardware-in-loop(HIL)experimental results have exemplified the validation of the developed methodology.

Sliding Mode Control for Singularly Perturbed Systems Using Accurate Reduced Model

In order to deal with unmodeled dynamics in large vehicle systems, which have an ill condition of the state matrix, the use of model order reduction methods is a good approach. This article presents a new construction of the sliding mode controller for singularly perturbed systems. The controller design is based on a linear diagonal transformation of the singularly perturbed model. Furthermore, the use of a single sliding mode controller designed for the slow component of the diagonalized system is investigated. Simulation results indicate the performance improvement of the proposed controllers.

Sliding Mode Fault Tolerant Attitude Control Scheme for Spacecraft with Actuator Faults

An active fault tolerant control scheme is investigated for the attitude control systems of spacecraft with external disturbance and actuator faults by using the sliding mode technique. Firstly,the dynamic equations and kinematic equations of spacecraft are given. For the dynamic mode of spacecraft in faulty case,a fault diagnosis component is used for fault detection and estimation by using a nonlinear observer. According to the fault estimation information obtained during the fault diagnosis,the fault tolerant control scheme is developed by adopting the backstepping sliding mode control technique. Meanwhile,the Lyapunov theory is used to analyze the stability of the closed-loop attitude systems. Finally,simulation results for the attitude dynamics models show the feasibility of the proposed fault tolerant scheme.

Precise robust motion control of cell puncture mechanism driven by piezoelectric actuators with fractional-order nonsingular terminal slidingmode control

A novel robust controller is proposed in this study to realize the precise motion control of a cell puncture mechanism(CPM)driven by piezoelectric ceramics(PEAs).The entire dynamic model of CPM is constructed based on the Bouc–Wen model,and the nonlinear part of the dynamic model is optimized locally to facilitate the construction of a robust controller.A model-based,nonlinear robust controller is constructed using time-delay estimation(TDE)and fractional-order nonsingular terminal sliding mode(FONTSM).The proposed controller does not require prior knowledge of unknown disturbances due to its real-time online estimation and compensation of unknown terms by using the TDE technology.The controller also has finite-time convergence and high-precision trajectory tracking capabilities due to FONTSM manifold and fast terminal sliding mode-type reaching law.The stability of the closed-loop system is proved by Lyapunov stability theory.Computer simulation and hardware-in-loop simulation experiments of CPM verify that the proposed controller outperforms traditional terminal sliding mode controllers,such as the integer-order or model-free controller.The proposed controller can also continuously output without chattering and has high control accuracy.Zebrafish embryo is used as a verification target to complete the cell puncture experiment.From the engineering application perspective,the proposed control strategy can be effectively applied in a PEA-driven CPM.

Finite-time robust control of uncertain fractional-order Hopfield neural networks via sliding mode control

The finite-time control of uncertain fractional-order Hopfield neural networks is investigated in this paper. A switched terminal sliding surface is proposed for a class of uncertain fractional-order Hopfield neural networks. Then a robust control law is designed to ensure the occurrence of the sliding motion for stabilization of the fractional-order Hopfield neural networks. Besides, for the unknown parameters of the fractional-order Hopfield neural networks, some estimations are made. Based on the fractional-order Lyapunov theory, the finite-time stability of the sliding surface to origin is proved well. Finally, a typical example of three-dimensional uncertain fractional-order Hopfield neural networks is employed to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.

Sliding Mode Control with Perturbation Estimation and Hysteresis Compensator Based on Bouc-Wen Model in Tackling Fast-Varying Sinusoidal Position Control of a Piezoelectric Actuator

In this paper,a sliding mode control with perturbation estimation(SMCPE) coupled with an inverse hysteresis compensator is proposed for the motion tracking control of a microposition system with piezoelectric actuation.The inverse hysteresis compensator is employed to cancel the hysteresis nonlinearity,thus reducing the nonlinear system to a linear system with an inversion error.Then,a SMCPE controller is adopted to deal with all the unmodeled dynamics and disturbances,aiming at improving the dynamic performance and the robustness of system.An experiment of a piezoelectric actuator is presented to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.The result shows that for a fast-rate control input,the proposed method is capable of leading to a good performance of system behavior.

Fault Estimation and Accommodation for Networked Control Systems with Transfer Delay

在这份报纸，差错评价和差错的一个方法为有转移延期和进程噪音的联网的控制系统(NCS ) 的容忍的控制被介绍。首先，联网的控制系统作为有转移的分离时间的系统推迟的 multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO ) 被建模，处理噪音，并且为无常建模。在这个模型下面并且在一些条件下面，一个差错评价方法被建议估计系统差错。根据差错评价和滑动模式控制理论的信息，一个差错容忍的控制器被设计恢复系统性能。最后，模拟结果被用来验证方法的效率。

PMSM正切趋近律无位置传感器角度补偿方法研究

在负载转矩突变的动态过程中,基于PI调节器的角度补偿方法作用时PMSM超螺旋滑模观测器(STSMO)转子电角度估算误差波动剧烈,因此依据角度估算误差的定义,建立了转子电角度补偿算法的数学模型。根据滑模控制和趋近律理论,提出了基于正切趋近律的变步长闭环角度补偿方法,选择角度估算误差的半角正切值作为角度调节步长,并通过前馈解耦得到的角度估算误差正余弦信号计算该步长,实现了对无位置传感器控制系统动态性能和抗扰动能力的改善。根据归一化灵敏度的定义,分析调节步长随角度估算误差变化的灵敏度,提出了基于归一化补偿灵敏度的系统动态性能分析方法,衡量两种补偿算法作用下系统的动态性能。计算和仿真结果表明,正切趋近律补偿方法具有更高的归一化补偿灵敏度,在负载转矩突变等角度估算误差变化剧烈的工况下能够实现更好的补偿效果,抑制估算角度误差的波动。实验结果表明,相比传统的PI补偿方法,正切趋近律补偿方法能够将突加额定转矩动态过程中角度估算误差的波动幅度降低61.9%,动态过程持续时间缩短23%,有效提升了系统的动态性能和抗扰动能力。

电动静液作动器的非线性变阻尼积分滑模控制

对于电动静液作动器(EHA),传统滑模控制器存在加速度信息难以获取,参数不易整定和控制信号抖振等问题,从而造成控制器很难应用于实际。针对以上问题,利用奇异摄动理论对EHA数学模型进行合理的降阶,从而使控制器设计避免了使用加速度信息。在此基础上,利用降阶模型设计了一种新型非线性变阻尼积分滑模控制器(NSMC),该控制器可根据位置控制误差实现系统阻尼比由欠阻尼到过阻尼的自适应调节,能有效提高位置阶跃调节性能。设计了一种基于滤波器的不确定项估计器对EHA中存在的参数不确定性和外部扰动进行实时估计并补偿。滑模面积分项的引入和不确定项估计器的使用,一方面使控制器中无需使用切换函数,实现了EHA的无抖振滑模控制,另一方面使系统整个动态过程完全表现为滑动模态,从而可根据EHA控制指标直接整定滑模面参数,大大简化了参数整定过程。同时利用Lyapunov稳定性理论对整个闭环系统和滑模面的稳定性进行了详细分析。分别与PI控制器、传统滑模控制器(SMC)和传统变阻尼滑模控制器(DVSMC)进行了详细的仿真分析比较,仿真结果表明NSMC能有效提高EHA位置跟踪性能和增强对参数不确定性和外部扰动的鲁棒性。

基于扰动观测器的分数阶终端滑模电液变桨控制方法

为改善风电机组电液变桨系统的控制性能,文章提出了基于扰动观测器的分数阶终端滑模控制方法。建立风电机组电液变桨系统数学模型,利用滑模状态扰动观测器(SMSPO)对变桨系统参数的不确定性和未知扰动进行实时补偿。采用分数阶微积分理论设计终端滑模控制器的滑模面,在保证有限时间收敛的同时,改善了滑模控制自身抖动。利用Simulink进行试验验证,结果表明,该方法增强了变桨系统的抗干扰能力,削弱了系统的抖动,提高了桨距角的跟踪精度和变桨系统的稳定性。

基于奇异摄动分解的带机械臂旋翼无人机飞行稳定性研究

为了降低无人机和机械臂之间的耦合作用,提高带臂四旋翼无人机飞行过程中的稳定性,首先建立系统动力学模型,然后根据实际情况,对模型进行简化。在此基础上进行内、外环分解,外环为四旋翼位置控制和机械臂角度控制,内环为四旋翼俯仰角控制。对于外环的动力学模型,根据速度变化特点,利用奇异摄动理论对外环变量,即四旋翼线速度和机械臂角速度,进行快、慢变子系统分解,再次降低了系统间的耦合性。对于分解后的快、慢变子系统,设计非奇异终端滑模控制并引入干扰观测器,以期提高带臂四旋翼无人机飞行过程中的稳定性。最后,仿真验证了所设计算法的优越性。

基于参数估计-滑模阻抗控制的SEA性能分析

重载四足机器人的足部与地面接触过程和步态转换过程中会受到不确定的冲击载荷作用,易导致足部机构载荷过大从而造成结构的冲击损坏。因此,针对使用液压串联弹性执行器(series elastic actuators,SEA)作为足部末端在非结构环境下动态性能差的问题,提出了基于环境参数估计的滑模阻抗控制方法(environmental parameter estimation sliding mode,EPESM)。以阀控液压缸的活塞位移传递函数为基础建立了基于位置内环的SEA阻抗控制模型,并以PID作为基础控制器;为改善SEA阻抗控制的动态性能,根据Lyapunov第二法构建稳定的自适应环境参数估计方法对SEA期望位置进行前馈补偿;为提升自适应环境参数估计方法在SEA工作过程中不同阶段的动态性能和环境变化适应性,使用模糊控制方法对自适应环境参数估计方法中的自适应参数进行寻优;以SEA状态方程为基础构建滑模控制器与PID控制器进行动态性能对比分析。仿真结果表明:在变SEA弹簧刚度工况和变环境刚度下,EPESM阻抗控制的响应速度明显更快,可将调节时间从平均5 s缩短到1 s内,能更快地达到预期位移和预期接触力,且能略微降低稳态误差,使接触力误差保持在±6 N内。在动态跟踪工况下,EPESM阻抗控制的动态性能更好,在快速进入跟踪状态后,可以长时间保持0.2 s以内的相位滞后和5.2%的幅值误差。

弱电网下基于超螺旋滑模的LCL并网逆变器控制研究

针对LCL型滤波器的固有谐振、滤波器参数及弱电网下电网阻抗的波动会严重破坏并网系统稳定性的问题,提出了弱电网下基于超螺旋滑模的LCL并网逆变器控制策略。根据并网系统模型构建超螺旋滑模观测器,对滤波电容电压及逆变器侧输出电流进行估计,消除额外传感器需要,降低成本。采用具有非奇异快速终端滑模面控制(NFTSMC)的超螺旋滑模控制器来快速地跟踪参考给定电流及降低并网系统动稳态误差,且提高并网系统对外界干扰和参数不确定性的全局鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,当滤波参数摄动和电网阻抗变化时,系统表现出较强的鲁棒性,且并网电流的THD值保持在0.5%左右。

基于自适应有限时间控制策略的高分辨率显微镜运动控制

针对大数值孔径显微成像技术对物镜位移台提出的长行程、高精度和大负载的要求,提出了一种非线性鲁棒运动控制策略以实现物镜位移台的精密运动。设计了大数值孔径显微镜的光路系统、虚拟样机以及由滚珠丝杠驱动的物镜位移台,采用双螺母预紧的方式消除滚珠丝杠传动间隙。将自适应技术引入非奇异终端滑模控制,实现系统状态的有限时间收敛,提高系统鲁棒性。针对滚珠丝杠传动机构内部的非线性摩擦效应,采用时延估计技术实现摩擦力的在线估计和实时补偿,将时延估计技术和自适应非奇异终端滑模控制相结合获得无模型控制特性。通过Lyapunov理论证明了闭环系统的稳定性。搭建了一个高分辨率的光学显微镜,实现物镜位移台的精密运动,采集到小鼠心肌细胞的显微图像,证明了所提算法的有效性。

基于低通滤波器的柔性关节空间机器人时延估计跟踪控制

为解决位姿不受控情况下柔性关节空间机器人系统预抓取阶段的关节跟踪控制和振动问题,采用拉格朗日方程并结合动量守恒原理进而建立漂浮基三杆柔性关节空间机器人系统动力学方程。为提高柔性关节的等效刚度,引入关节柔性补偿的方法;即根据奇异摄动理论,将柔性关节空间机器人系统分解为慢变系统和快变系统。在此基础上,针对慢变系统设计以时延估计为主框架的滑模控制方法,同时与低通滤波器相结合消除滑模控制带来的系统抖振问题;针对快变系统设计线性速度差值反馈控制系统,抑制柔性关节给系统带来的柔性振动问题。通过仿真验证空间机械臂能够在有限时间内快速、稳定地跟踪上期望轨迹,证实该控制方案具有较好的鲁棒性和可靠性。