Human activities, such as blasting excavation, bolting, grouting and impounding of reservoirs, will lead to disturbances to rock masses and variations in their structural features and material properties. These engine...Human activities, such as blasting excavation, bolting, grouting and impounding of reservoirs, will lead to disturbances to rock masses and variations in their structural features and material properties. These engineering disturbances are important factors that would alter the natural evolutionary processes or change the multi-field interactions in the rock masses from their initial equilibrium states. The concept of generalized multi-field couplings was proposed by placing particular emphasis on the role of engineering disturbances in traditional multi-field couplings in rock masses. A mathematical model was then developed, in which the effects of engineering disturbances on the coupling-processes were described with changes in boundary conditions and evolutions in thermo-hydro-mechanical （THM） properties of the rocks. A parameter, d, which is similar to damage variables but has a broader physical meaning, was conceptually introduced to represent the degree of engineering disturbances and the couplings among the material properties. The effects of blasting excavation, bolting and grouting in rock engineering were illustrated with various field observations or theoretical results, on which the degree of disturbances and the variations in elastic moduli and permeabilities were particularly focused. The influences of excavation and groundwater drainage on the seepage flow and stability of the slopes were demonstrated with numerical simulations. The proposed approach was further employed to investigate the coupled hydro-mechanical responses of a high rock slope to excavation, bolting and impounding of the reservoir in the dam left abutment of Jinping I hydropower station. The impacts of engineering disturbances on the deformation and stability of the slope during construction and operation were demonstrated.展开更多
若风电机组参与调频时采用步进惯量控制(stepwise inertial control,SIC)策略,其退出调频时有功快速下降可能会引发系统频率二次跌落(frequency second drop,FSD)问题。已有文献中一类改进的SIC策略通过减小风电机组退出调频后有功下降...若风电机组参与调频时采用步进惯量控制(stepwise inertial control,SIC)策略,其退出调频时有功快速下降可能会引发系统频率二次跌落(frequency second drop,FSD)问题。已有文献中一类改进的SIC策略通过减小风电机组退出调频后有功下降阶段的斜率来应对FSD问题,然而该类改进的SIC策略使得风电机组在退出调频后其有功需要一段时间才会小于风能捕获,在此期间转子转速会继续下降并有可能低于转速下限,危及风电机组运行安全。文章对这一类改进的SIC策略做了进一步完善,提出了一种风电机组自适应SIC策略,根据风电机组退出调频时的转子转速自适应设置风电机组退出调频后有功下降阶段的斜率,在确保风电机组退出调频后转子转速不会低于转速下限的前提下,最小化FSD的幅度。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(50725931)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(50839004,51079107)the Supporting Program of the "Eleventh Five-year Plan" for Sci & Tech Research of China(2008BAB29B01)
文摘Human activities, such as blasting excavation, bolting, grouting and impounding of reservoirs, will lead to disturbances to rock masses and variations in their structural features and material properties. These engineering disturbances are important factors that would alter the natural evolutionary processes or change the multi-field interactions in the rock masses from their initial equilibrium states. The concept of generalized multi-field couplings was proposed by placing particular emphasis on the role of engineering disturbances in traditional multi-field couplings in rock masses. A mathematical model was then developed, in which the effects of engineering disturbances on the coupling-processes were described with changes in boundary conditions and evolutions in thermo-hydro-mechanical （THM） properties of the rocks. A parameter, d, which is similar to damage variables but has a broader physical meaning, was conceptually introduced to represent the degree of engineering disturbances and the couplings among the material properties. The effects of blasting excavation, bolting and grouting in rock engineering were illustrated with various field observations or theoretical results, on which the degree of disturbances and the variations in elastic moduli and permeabilities were particularly focused. The influences of excavation and groundwater drainage on the seepage flow and stability of the slopes were demonstrated with numerical simulations. The proposed approach was further employed to investigate the coupled hydro-mechanical responses of a high rock slope to excavation, bolting and impounding of the reservoir in the dam left abutment of Jinping I hydropower station. The impacts of engineering disturbances on the deformation and stability of the slope during construction and operation were demonstrated.
文摘若风电机组参与调频时采用步进惯量控制(stepwise inertial control,SIC)策略,其退出调频时有功快速下降可能会引发系统频率二次跌落(frequency second drop,FSD)问题。已有文献中一类改进的SIC策略通过减小风电机组退出调频后有功下降阶段的斜率来应对FSD问题,然而该类改进的SIC策略使得风电机组在退出调频后其有功需要一段时间才会小于风能捕获,在此期间转子转速会继续下降并有可能低于转速下限,危及风电机组运行安全。文章对这一类改进的SIC策略做了进一步完善,提出了一种风电机组自适应SIC策略,根据风电机组退出调频时的转子转速自适应设置风电机组退出调频后有功下降阶段的斜率,在确保风电机组退出调频后转子转速不会低于转速下限的前提下,最小化FSD的幅度。
