Q-factor estimation in CMP gather and the continuous spectral ratio slope method

The attenuation factor or quality factor(Q-factor or Q) has been used to measure the energy attenuation of seismic waves propagating in underground media. Many methods are used to estimate the Q-factor. We propose a method to calculate the Q-factor based on the prestack Q-factor inversion and the generalized S-transform. The proposed method specifies a standard primary wavelet and calculates the cumulative Q-factors; then, it finds the interlaminar Q-factors using the relation between Q and offset(QVO) and the Dix formula. The proposed method is alternative to methods that calculate interlaminar Q-factors after horizon picking. Because the frequency spectrum of each horizon can be extracted continuously on a 2D time–frequency spectrum, the method is called the continuous spectral ratio slope(CSRS) method. Compared with the other Q-inversion methods, the method offers nearly effortless computations and stability, and has mathematical and physical significance. We use numerical modeling to verify the feasibility of the method and apply it to real data from an oilfield in Ahdeb, Iraq. The results suggest that the resolution and spatial stability of the Q-profile are optimal and contain abundant interlaminar information that is extremely helpful in making lithology and fluid predictions.

Microstructure and Property of Hypereutectic High Chromium Cast Iron Prepared by Slope Cooling Body-Centrifugal Casting Method

In this paper, the ring-type ingot of hypereutectic high Cr cast iron was obtained by slope cooling bodycentrifugal casting method （SC-CCM）, and its microstructure and impact toughness were investigated, respectively. The results indicated that, first, the primary carbides in the microstructure are prominently finer than those in the hypereutectic high Cr cast iron prepared by conventional casting method. Second, in the ring-type ingot, the primary carbides near radial outer field are finer than those near radial inner field; furthermore, there is dividing field in the microstructure. Finally, the impact toughness values of the specimens impacted on the radial outer face and on the radial inner face are improved respectively about 36% and 138% more than that of the hypereutectic high Cr one prepared by conventional casting method.

3D stability analysis method of concave slope based on the Bishop method

In order to study the stability control mechanism of a concave slope with circular landslide, and remove the influence of differences in shape on slope stability, the limit analysis method of a simplified Bishop method was employed. The sliding body was divided into strips in a three-dimensional model, and the lateral earth pressure was put into mechanical analysis and the three-dimensional stability analysis methods applicable for circular sliding in concave slope were deduced. Based on geometric structure and the geological parameters of a concave slope, the influence rule of curvature radius and the top and bottom arch height on the concave slope stability were analyzed. The results show that the stability coefficient decreases after growth, first in the transition stage of slope shape from flat to concave, and it has been confirmed that there is a best size to make the slope stability factor reach a maximum. By contrast with average slope, the stability of a concave slope features a smaller range of ascension with slope height increase, which indicates that the enhancing effect of a concave slope is apparent only with lower slope heights.

Efficient Elliptic Solver for the Mild Slope Equation Using BI-CGSTAB Method

The elliptic mild slope equation is used to simulate linear wave propagation over variable sea bed topography with mild slopes. The governing equation is discretized by the finite difference method. Based on the BI-CGSTAB technique, an attractive variant bf BI-Conjugate Gradients (BI-CG) method, the obtained linear algebraic system of equations is solved. Numerical experiments show that the BI-CGSTAB method is efficient for solving the elliptic mild slope equation. The results obtained by the BI-CGSTAB-Based method are much the same as those obtained by other authors with different solution methods, but the convergence rate is much faster than that of other methods.

Slope stability analysis under seismic load by vector sum analysis method

The vibration characteristics and dynamic responses of rock and soil under seismic load can be estimated with dynamic finite element method （DFEM）. Combining with the DFEM, the vector sum analysis method （VSAM） is employed in seismic stability analysis of a slope in this paper. Different from other conventional methods, the VSAM is proposed based on the vector characteristic of force and current stress state of the slope. The dynamic stress state of the slope at any moment under seismic load can he obtained by the DFEM, thus the factor of safety of the slope at any moment during earthquake can be easily obtained with the VSAM in consideration of the DFEM. Then, the global stability of the slope can be estimated on the basis of time-history curve of factor of safety and reliability theory. The VSAM is applied to a homogeneous slope under seismic load. The factor of safety of the slope is 1.30 under gravity only and the dynamic factor of safety under seismic load is 1.21. The calculating results show that the dynamic characteristics and stability state of the slope with input ground motion can be actually analyzed. It is believed that the VSAM is a feasible and practical approach to estimate the dynamic stability of slopes under seismic load.

Slope Stability Evaluations by Limit Equilibrium and Finite Element Methods Applied to a Railway in the Moroccan Rif

Since 1930, the analysis of slope stability is done according to the limit equilibrium approach. Several methods were developed of which certain remain applicable because of their simplicity. However, major disadvantages of these methods are (1) they do not take into account the soil behavior and (2) the complex cases cannot be studied with precision. The use of the finite elements in calculations of stability has to overcome the weakness of the traditional methods. An analysis of stability was applied to a slope, of complex geometry, composed of alternating sandstone and marls using finite elements and limit equilibrium methods. The calculation of the safety factors did not note any significant difference between the two approaches. Various calculations carried out illustrate perfectly benefits that can be gained from modeling the behavior by the finite elements method. In the finite elements analysis, the shape of deformations localization in the slope is nearly circular and confirms the shape of the failure line which constitutes the basic assumption of the analytical methods. The integration of the constitutive laws of soils and the use of field’s results tests in finite elements models predict the failure mode, to better approach the real behavior of slope soil formations and to optimize its reinforcement.

基于Geo-Slope数值模拟的某石灰石矿边坡稳定性分析

随着露天矿山边坡安全滑坡事件频发,矿山企业对边坡安全越发重视。以某石灰石矿超过100 m的边坡为研究对象,通过分析该矿区的工程地质、水文地质条件,从中选择3个典型剖面,通过赤平投影方式分析其破坏模式,结合室内试验和数值分析的方法进行渗流场分析和安全系数算。结果表明,3个典型剖面最小安全系数均满足规范要求,均达到稳定状态。随着矿山开采深度的延伸,边坡高度越来越高,需要加强对边坡监测及安全管理工作。

Determination of Critical Slip Surface of Soil Slope by New Complex Method

A new complex method is presented considering not only the improvement upon the ＂bad ＂design point, but also the diversity of the newly generated complex, which is obtained by replacing the ＂bad ＂design point with the better design point located at the line between the ＂bad ＂design point and the ceotroid of the remaining design points of the old complex. The new complex method is applied to searching for the critical slip surface of two non-homogeneous soil slopes. The comparison of the results obtained by the new complex method with that by the basic complex method shows that the new complex method is much more likely to find the true critical surface for the randomly generated initial complex.

Probabilistic Analysis of Slope Using Finite Element Approach and Limit Equilibrium Approach around Amalpata Landslide of West Central, Nepal

The stability study of the ongoing and recurring Amalpata landslide in Baglung in Nepal’s Gandaki Province is presented in this research. The impacted slope is around 200 meters high, with two terraces that have different slope inclinations. The lower bench, located above the basement, consistently fails and sets others up for failure. The fluctuating water level of the slope, which travels down the slope masses, exacerbates the slide problem. The majority of these rocks are Amalpata landslide area experiences several structural disruptions. The area’s stability must be evaluated in order to prevent and control more harm from occurring to the nearby agricultural land and people living along the slope. The slopes’ failures increase the damages of house existing in nearby area and the erosion of the slope. Two modeling techniques the finite element approach and the limit equilibrium method were used to simulate the slope. The findings show that, in every case, the terrace above the basement is where the majority of the stress is concentrated, with a safety factor of near unity. Using probabilistic slope stability analysis, the failure probability was predicted to be between 98.90% and 100%.

Probabilistic analysis of embankment slope stability in frozen ground regions based on random finite element method

Prediction on the coupled thermal-hydraulic fields of embankment and cutting slopes is essential to the assessment on evolution of melting zone and natural permafrost table, which is usually a key factor for permafrost embankment design in frozen ground regions. The prediction may be further complicated due to the inherent uncertainties of material properties. Hence, stochastic analyses should be conducted. Firstly, Karhunen-Loeve expansion is applied to attain the random fields for hydraulic and thermal conductions. Next, the mixed-form modified Richards equation for mass transfer （i.e., mass equation） and the heat transport equation for heat transient flow in a variably saturated frozen soil are combined into one equation with temperature unknown. Furthermore, the finite element formulation for the coupled thermal-hydraulic fields is derived. Based on the random fields, the stochastic finite element analyses on stability of embankment are carried out. Numerical results show that stochastic analyses of embankment stability may provide a more rational picture for the distribution of factors of safety （FOS）, which is definitely useful for embankment design in frozen ground regions.

Rock bridge slice element method in slope stability analysis based on multi-scale geological structure mapping

The searching method of failure surface which consists of complex geological structures in high and steep rock slopes was studied. Based on computer simulation technology and Monte-Carlo method, three dimensional multi-scale geological structures such as engineering scale and statistical scale structures of the slope were simulated. The searching method of failure route which consists of joints and rock bridges was determined via simulation annealing method by considering the shear strength of joints or rock bridges in one supposed route. When shear strengths of all the supposed routes were computed, the least shear strength route was considered failure route. Then, the inclined slice of joint slices and rock bridge slices were separated according to the position of joints and rock bridges. For the rock bridge slices, by distinguishing the failure model, the force direction to the next slice was defined. Finally, the limit equilibrium equations for every slice were established, and the slope stability factor was obtained. One practical example indicates that the discussed method is more closely to the real condition.

考虑场地效应的多点地震动作用下边坡永久位移分析

地震动引起的边坡土层非线性动力响应可能导致坡体不同位置的地震动加速度时程不一致,从而对整个滑动体的极限平衡状态及之后的地震累积永久位移产生影响。为了研究场地效应对边坡地震永久位移的影响,基于极限平衡条分法,通过对不同土条赋予不同的水平和竖向地震动时程,推导出一种考虑场地效应的圆弧和任意形状滑面的多点地震作用下边坡永久位移分析方法。通过与有限差分软件FLAC的数值模拟结果进行对比,验证了该方法能够合理考虑地震动的场地效应。通过研究不同分布形式的多点地震动及竖向地震动对边坡永久位移的影响,结果表明:场地效应引起的水平地震动放大以及多点地震动不同分布模式会导致整个滑体平均地震惯性力作用位置发生改变,从而影响地震作用下滑动体沿滑面的永久变形量,竖向地震动对边坡地震位移影响较小。将方法应用于Lexington土石坝震后变形案例分析,计算得到的坝坡地震永久位移与实际震后观测值相吻合,证明了考虑场地效应的重要性及本文方法的合理性。

降雨及库水位变动对向阳水库岸坡稳定性的影响研究

在水的作用下,岸坡内地下水渗流场和岩土体力学性质发生变化,从而影响岸坡的整体稳定性。以重庆市向阳水库平进村岸坡工程为例,基于非饱和流固耦合理论、弹塑性理论和强度折减法,采用有限差分方法,分析在降雨工况、库水位升降等多种工况条件下平进村Ⅱ级缓坡的滑移破坏模式和安全系数变化规律,评价在岸坡前缘段采取压脚治理措施的防护效果。结果表明:①在不同工况下,岸坡均存在3种潜在滑移模式,即坡表覆盖层滑移、沿浅层软弱夹层滑移以及沿深层破碎夹层滑移。②岸坡天然地下水位埋深浅,当遭遇极端降雨时,大量雨水入渗将引起地下水位上抬,坡体有效应力降低,抗剪能力削弱,导致边坡稳定性明显降低。③采取前缘压脚防护措施可有效提高岸坡整体稳定性,压脚前后岸坡多滑移模式的安全系数提高约0.01~0.30。

Updating method of a high-speed maglev guideway model based on wavelet transform

The structure of a high-speed maglev guideway is taken as the research object.With the aim of identifying the inconsistency of modal parameters between the simulation model and the actual model,and based on the 600 km/h high-speed maglev vehicle and the high-speed maglev test line,the arrangement of sensors and the vibration acceleration data collection of the 12.384 m concrete guideway were conducted.The modal parameters were identified from the guideway response signal using wavelet transform,after which the wavelet ridge was extracted by using the maximum slope method.Next,the vibration modes and frequency parameters of the interaction vibration characteristics of the high-speed maglev guideway and 600 km/h maglev vehicle were analyzed.The updating objective function for the finite element model of the guideway was established,and the initial guideway finite element model was modified and updated by repeatedly iterating the parameters.In doing so,the model structure of the high-speed maglev guideway was obtained,which is consistent with the actual structure.The accuracy of the updated guideway model in the calculation of the dynamic response was verified by combining this with the vehicle-guideway coupling dynamic model of the high-speed maglev system with 18 degrees of freedom.The research results reveal that the model update method based on the wavelet transform and the maximum slope method has the characteristics of high accuracy and fast recognition speed.This can effectively obtain an accurate guideway model that ensures the correctness of the vehicle-guideway coupling dynamic analysis and calculation while meeting the parameters of the measured structure model.This method is also suitable for updating other structural models of high-speed maglev systems.

基于Geo-Slope软件的土质边坡稳定性分析

结合Geo-Slope软件中的有限元计算模块Sigma/W和刚体极限平衡计算模块Slope/W,将Sigma/W模块中计算所得到的结果导入Slope/W模块,考虑土体的应力-应变关系,利用极限平衡法的概念计算边坡的稳定安全系数并确定最危险滑动面;通过经典算例分析,在极限平衡法中引入有限元计算得应力结果计算边坡的安全系数的方法是可行的,且对均质和非均质的土坡均适用。

基于SLOPE／W的汾离高速公路靳家庄1^#滑坡研究

汾(阳)-离(石)高速公路是青岛至银川国道主干线在山西境内的重要路段。文章以汾离高速公路靳家庄1#滑坡为研究对象,从岩性条件、地质构造及地下水等方面详细分析了滑坡的成因。应用基于刚体极限平衡理论的SLOPE/W程序,对滑坡的稳定性进行分析与计算。结果表明:该滑坡在天然状态下,整体处于稳定状态;在工程状态下,受水动力条件的变化以及人为活动的影响,易发生复活。为设计人员提供了参考。

基于折线形滑动和SLOPE/W模拟的滑坡稳定性对比分析

为提高滑坡稳定性分析的准确性,首先采用折线形滑动面稳定性计算方法对某滑坡进行了稳定性分析,再利用SLOPE/W程序对某滑坡进行了计算机模拟,并采用Bishop法和Janbu法在考虑地下水与未考虑地下水的情况下对该滑坡进行了计算,并将计算结果与折线性滑动的稳定性进行了比较和分析,给出了该滑坡的稳定性评价.

SLOPE/W软件总应力法和有效应力法的应用

按简单条分法和简化毕肖普法,通过算例阐述了SLOPE/W软件总应力法和有效应力法的计算原理和应用,指出SLOPE/W软件虽然在输入时没有区别总应力参数和有效应力参数,但结合输入时是否定义孔隙水压力,用户可以从计算方法的原理上来区别软件是按总应力法还是按有效应力法计算。

基于Geo_Slope软件对青莲寺边坡的稳定性分析

山西省青莲寺属国家重点保护文物,其寺内建筑、石刻和彩塑均为珍贵的文物,具有极高的历史、文化、艺术及科学价值,一旦遭受破坏,带来的损失将难以估量。本文采用Geo_Slope软件,建立了青莲寺下寺边坡工程的稳定性计算模型,并运用极限平衡理论对其稳定性进行了定量分析和评价,结果显示该边坡是不稳定的,对此提出了具体的治理方案。

基于SLOPEP/W的某水电站库首右岸高边坡的稳定性评价

基于slope/w分析软件,分别采用摩根斯坦-普赖斯法和Bishop法对该边坡的稳定性进行了分析,得到两种数值模拟分析的结果与地质报告的结论一致。最后结合地质资料,提出了治理该边坡的有关措施和建议。