Background: Surveys of pediatric endotracheal tube (ETT) management previously reported that specialists in pediatric anesthesia and intensive care medicine preferred to use uncuffed ETTs for children younger than 8 t...Background: Surveys of pediatric endotracheal tube (ETT) management previously reported that specialists in pediatric anesthesia and intensive care medicine preferred to use uncuffed ETTs for children younger than 8 to 10 years of age. The aim of this study was to reveal the most recent attitudes and clinical practices of pediatric ETT management in Japan. Methods: The attitudes and clinical practices of pediatric ETT management were investigated using the data sheets of each institution and each patient. The data sheets contained information on patient characteristics and type of hospital, surgical procedures, devices used for intubation, and ETT information including types, size, depth, intracuff pressure (ICP), interval of ICP measurement, laryngeal packing, ETT exchange, airway complications, and reintubations. Results: The response rate of this survey was 66.7%. More than half of children older than 2 years of age were intubated with cuffed ETTs;83.5% of cuffed ETTs were used with the cuffs inflated, and ICP was measured in 80.7% of cuffed ETTs. More than half of ICP measurements were only taken at the time of intubation. Post-extubation stridor was rarely observed in cuffed (0.4%) or uncuffed ETTs (1.2%). The pediatric ETT management questionnaire revealed age-based size selection, differences in pressure of air leakage between cuffed (15 - 20 cmH2O) and uncuffed ETTs (20 - 30 cmH2O) of different sizes, the depthmarking method of insertion length. Continuous measurement of ICP was not common. Conclusion: This study revealed widespread use of cuffed ETTs in children older than 2 years of age, rarely occurrence of post-extubation stridor, inflation of cuffs, and practice of ICP measurement.展开更多
目的探讨极低出生体重儿(very low birth weight,VLBW)中适于胎龄儿(appropriate for gestational age,AGA)和小于胎龄儿(small for gestational age,SGA)身长增长对经外周中心静脉置管(peripherally inserted central catheter,PICC)...目的探讨极低出生体重儿(very low birth weight,VLBW)中适于胎龄儿(appropriate for gestational age,AGA)和小于胎龄儿(small for gestational age,SGA)身长增长对经外周中心静脉置管(peripherally inserted central catheter,PICC)尖端移位的影响,并横向比较影响程度,帮助医护人员更好地把握导管尖端位置监测的时机。方法回顾性分析2021年1月—2022年6月在医院NICU住院并使用PICC的VLBW,按出生体质量和胎龄关系分为AGA组45例和SGA组19例,记录首次置管当日身长(Ht_(1))以及PICC尖端位置、置管期间胸片检查当日身长(Ht_(n))以及PICC尖端位置,并计算相应的身长增长率。身长增长率与PICC尖端移位的相关性用Spearman秩相关分析。将AGA和SGA的身长增长率分别与PICC尖端移位进行简单线性回归分析,构建回归模型,用协方差分析比较两组回归直线。结果VLBW中AGA组97.8%患儿出现移位,SGA组所有的患儿都出现移位,占比最多的均为移位3个椎体。Spearman秩相关分析结果显示,两组患儿身长增长率与PICC尖端移位均具有相关性(AGA组rs=-0.719,P<0.001;SGA组rs=-0.769,P<0.001),随着VLBW身长增长,PICC尖端逐渐移位远离心脏。简单线性回归分析结果显示,AGA组回归模型(R^(2)=0.517,调整后R^(2)=0.513,F=129.487,P<0.001),SGA组回归模型(R^(2)=0.591,调整后R^(2)=0.585,F=95.385,P<0.001)。协方差分析结果显示,由于回归系数检验没有统计学意义,两条直线平行,说明身长增长率对两组患儿位移的影响一致。截距比较有统计学意义(F=9.265,P=0.003),说明两组患儿位移的起点不同(即增长率为零时的位移位置),说明位移与是否为AGA、SGA有关。结论随着VLBW中AGA和SGA身长增长,PICC尖端逐渐移位远离心脏,但相同的身长增长率,SGA引起的导管尖端移位幅度更大。建议AGA身长增长率12.4%、SGA身长增长率9.5%可作为监测导管尖端位置的重要时机,以免导管尖端进一步移位至非中心静脉,导致相关并发症发生。展开更多
目的探讨妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)患者妊娠早期甘油三酯葡萄糖指数(the triglyceride-gluscose index,TyG指数)与分娩小于胎龄儿(small for gestational age infant,SGA)之间的关系。方法选取2018年1月至2023年...目的探讨妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)患者妊娠早期甘油三酯葡萄糖指数(the triglyceride-gluscose index,TyG指数)与分娩小于胎龄儿(small for gestational age infant,SGA)之间的关系。方法选取2018年1月至2023年6月复旦大学附属上海市第五人民医院和新疆喀什地区第二人民医院产科孕早期建档并符合纳入标准的孕妇1532例为研究对象,根据孕妇24~28周行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(oral glucose tolerance test,OGTT)结果,将其分为GDM组(754例)及非GDM组(778例)。GDM组患者根据新生儿体重,将其分为SGA组、大于胎龄儿(large for gestational age infant,LGA)组和适于胎龄儿(appropriate for gestational age infant,AGA)组。分析GDM患者分娩SGA的独立影响因素,采用Logistic回归模型分析TyG指数与发生SGA的相关性。绘制ROC曲线以分析妊娠早期TyG指数对GDM患者分娩SGA的预测价值。结果GDM患者SGA组TyG指数显著低于LGA组、AGA组及非GDM组(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,TyG指数与GDM患者分娩SGA的发生独立相关(P<0.05);ROC曲线结果显示,妊娠早期TyG指数对GDM患者分娩SGA具有较好的预测价值(AUC=0.821,95%CI:0.763~0.879,P<0.001)。结论GDM患者妊娠早期TyG指数与分娩SGA之间存在独立相关,对于GDM患者分娩SGA具有较好的预测价值。展开更多
AIM:To assess the safety and utility of capsule endoscopy(CE)for children who are unable to swallow the capsule endoscope.METHODS:The medical records of all of the children who underwent CE between 2010 and 2012 were ...AIM:To assess the safety and utility of capsule endoscopy(CE)for children who are unable to swallow the capsule endoscope.METHODS:The medical records of all of the children who underwent CE between 2010 and 2012 were retrospectively reviewed.The patients were divided into 2groups:group A included patients who were unable to swallow the capsule endoscope,and group B included patients who were able to swallow it.For the patients who were unable to swallow the capsule endoscope,it was placed in the duodenum endoscopically.The small bowel transit time,endoscopic diagnosis and complications of the 2 groups were compared.RESULTS:During the study period,28 CE procedures were performed in 26 patients.Group A included 11patients with a median age of 2 years(range 10 mo-9years),and group B included 15 patients with a median age of 12 years(range 8 years-16 years).The lightest child in the study weighed 7.9 kg.The detection rates did not differ between the 2 groups.The median small bowel transit time was 401 min(range 264-734 min)in group A and 227 min(range 56-512 min)in group B(P=0.0078).No serious complications,including capsule retention,occurred.No significant mucosal trauma occurred in the pharynx,esophagus,stomach or duodenum when the capsule was introduced using an endoscope.CONCLUSION:CE is a safe and useful procedure for infants and young children who are unable to swallow the capsule endoscope.展开更多
小于胎龄儿(small for gestational age infant,SGA)除了生长发育和代谢有影响外,围生期及远期的智力和认知水平也会有所下降;采取医教整合的干预模式对SGA及有其他高危因素的婴幼儿进行干预,可减少或消除早期脑发育的异常,防止SGA远期...小于胎龄儿(small for gestational age infant,SGA)除了生长发育和代谢有影响外,围生期及远期的智力和认知水平也会有所下降;采取医教整合的干预模式对SGA及有其他高危因素的婴幼儿进行干预,可减少或消除早期脑发育的异常,防止SGA远期智力及认知功能的下降。展开更多
目的分析早产小于胎龄儿(small for gestational age infant,SGA)发生的危险因素,为加强围生期教育及进行临床干预提供依据。方法选取2017年1月至2022年1月河北大学附属医院新生儿科收治的1483例早产儿为研究对象,根据出生体质量和胎龄...目的分析早产小于胎龄儿(small for gestational age infant,SGA)发生的危险因素,为加强围生期教育及进行临床干预提供依据。方法选取2017年1月至2022年1月河北大学附属医院新生儿科收治的1483例早产儿为研究对象,根据出生体质量和胎龄的关系将研究对象分为2组,即早产SGA组和早产适于胎龄儿(appropriate for gestational age infant,AGA)组,分析每组患儿的围生期高危因素,并运用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析早产SGA发生的危险因素。结果早产SGA组母亲孕期合并妊娠期高血压、羊水过少、胎盘异常、妊娠期贫血、双胎/多胎妊娠、高龄产妇、接受辅助生殖技术比例高于早产AGA组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示,母亲患有妊娠期高血压、胎盘异常、妊娠期贫血是早产SGA发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论母亲患有妊娠期高血压、胎盘异常、妊娠期贫血与早产SGA的发生关系密切,在临床工作中应针对性开展围生期教育并及时干预,降低SGA的发生率。展开更多
目的探讨早产小于胎龄儿（small for gestational age,SGA）在生后1年内的体格生长变化趋势是否与足月SGA存在差异,为早产SGA生后体格生长随访监测提供参考依据。方法采用前瞻性队列研究,收集2013年9月至2015年6月在重庆医科大学附属儿...目的探讨早产小于胎龄儿（small for gestational age,SGA）在生后1年内的体格生长变化趋势是否与足月SGA存在差异,为早产SGA生后体格生长随访监测提供参考依据。方法采用前瞻性队列研究,收集2013年9月至2015年6月在重庆医科大学附属儿童医院儿童保健科随访的早产SGA 54人,足月SGA 181人。分别在1、3、6、12月龄（早产SGA在纠正胎龄的1、3、6、12月龄）测量体质量、身长、头围,采用Z积分计算体格水平和生长速度。结果 ①早产SGA生后快速追赶生长发生在纠正年龄1月龄后,而足月SGA在生后即开始;早产和足月SGA在前6个月追赶生长率均达63.0%。②早产SGA未纠正胎龄的体质量Z值在6、12月龄（t=-1.189、-0.911,P=0.236、0.363）,身长、头围Z值在12月龄（t=-0.855、-1.078,P=0.394、0.282）与足月SGA比较差异无统计学意义。③早产SGA的体质量增长速度在1-3、〉3-6月龄（t=4.685、3.787,P〈0.01）,身长、头围在1-3、〉3-6、〉6-12月龄追赶速度明显快于足月SGA（t=3.487、3.626、4.179,t=5.158、3.001、4.641,P〈0.01）。但在1月龄内体质量、身长追赶速度均慢于足月SGA（t=-6.384、-4.821,P〈0.01）,甚至低于出生时Z值水平（ΔZ〈0）。结论早产SGA追赶生长的发生晚于足月SGA,体格生长水平可在1岁时追赶上足月SGA,在1岁内生长潜力大于足月SGA,在纠正年龄1月龄内易发生宫外生长迟缓。展开更多
文摘Background: Surveys of pediatric endotracheal tube (ETT) management previously reported that specialists in pediatric anesthesia and intensive care medicine preferred to use uncuffed ETTs for children younger than 8 to 10 years of age. The aim of this study was to reveal the most recent attitudes and clinical practices of pediatric ETT management in Japan. Methods: The attitudes and clinical practices of pediatric ETT management were investigated using the data sheets of each institution and each patient. The data sheets contained information on patient characteristics and type of hospital, surgical procedures, devices used for intubation, and ETT information including types, size, depth, intracuff pressure (ICP), interval of ICP measurement, laryngeal packing, ETT exchange, airway complications, and reintubations. Results: The response rate of this survey was 66.7%. More than half of children older than 2 years of age were intubated with cuffed ETTs;83.5% of cuffed ETTs were used with the cuffs inflated, and ICP was measured in 80.7% of cuffed ETTs. More than half of ICP measurements were only taken at the time of intubation. Post-extubation stridor was rarely observed in cuffed (0.4%) or uncuffed ETTs (1.2%). The pediatric ETT management questionnaire revealed age-based size selection, differences in pressure of air leakage between cuffed (15 - 20 cmH2O) and uncuffed ETTs (20 - 30 cmH2O) of different sizes, the depthmarking method of insertion length. Continuous measurement of ICP was not common. Conclusion: This study revealed widespread use of cuffed ETTs in children older than 2 years of age, rarely occurrence of post-extubation stridor, inflation of cuffs, and practice of ICP measurement.
文摘目的探讨极低出生体重儿(very low birth weight,VLBW)中适于胎龄儿(appropriate for gestational age,AGA)和小于胎龄儿(small for gestational age,SGA)身长增长对经外周中心静脉置管(peripherally inserted central catheter,PICC)尖端移位的影响,并横向比较影响程度,帮助医护人员更好地把握导管尖端位置监测的时机。方法回顾性分析2021年1月—2022年6月在医院NICU住院并使用PICC的VLBW,按出生体质量和胎龄关系分为AGA组45例和SGA组19例,记录首次置管当日身长(Ht_(1))以及PICC尖端位置、置管期间胸片检查当日身长(Ht_(n))以及PICC尖端位置,并计算相应的身长增长率。身长增长率与PICC尖端移位的相关性用Spearman秩相关分析。将AGA和SGA的身长增长率分别与PICC尖端移位进行简单线性回归分析,构建回归模型,用协方差分析比较两组回归直线。结果VLBW中AGA组97.8%患儿出现移位,SGA组所有的患儿都出现移位,占比最多的均为移位3个椎体。Spearman秩相关分析结果显示,两组患儿身长增长率与PICC尖端移位均具有相关性(AGA组rs=-0.719,P<0.001;SGA组rs=-0.769,P<0.001),随着VLBW身长增长,PICC尖端逐渐移位远离心脏。简单线性回归分析结果显示,AGA组回归模型(R^(2)=0.517,调整后R^(2)=0.513,F=129.487,P<0.001),SGA组回归模型(R^(2)=0.591,调整后R^(2)=0.585,F=95.385,P<0.001)。协方差分析结果显示,由于回归系数检验没有统计学意义,两条直线平行,说明身长增长率对两组患儿位移的影响一致。截距比较有统计学意义(F=9.265,P=0.003),说明两组患儿位移的起点不同(即增长率为零时的位移位置),说明位移与是否为AGA、SGA有关。结论随着VLBW中AGA和SGA身长增长,PICC尖端逐渐移位远离心脏,但相同的身长增长率,SGA引起的导管尖端移位幅度更大。建议AGA身长增长率12.4%、SGA身长增长率9.5%可作为监测导管尖端位置的重要时机,以免导管尖端进一步移位至非中心静脉,导致相关并发症发生。
文摘目的探讨妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)患者妊娠早期甘油三酯葡萄糖指数(the triglyceride-gluscose index,TyG指数)与分娩小于胎龄儿(small for gestational age infant,SGA)之间的关系。方法选取2018年1月至2023年6月复旦大学附属上海市第五人民医院和新疆喀什地区第二人民医院产科孕早期建档并符合纳入标准的孕妇1532例为研究对象,根据孕妇24~28周行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(oral glucose tolerance test,OGTT)结果,将其分为GDM组(754例)及非GDM组(778例)。GDM组患者根据新生儿体重,将其分为SGA组、大于胎龄儿(large for gestational age infant,LGA)组和适于胎龄儿(appropriate for gestational age infant,AGA)组。分析GDM患者分娩SGA的独立影响因素,采用Logistic回归模型分析TyG指数与发生SGA的相关性。绘制ROC曲线以分析妊娠早期TyG指数对GDM患者分娩SGA的预测价值。结果GDM患者SGA组TyG指数显著低于LGA组、AGA组及非GDM组(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,TyG指数与GDM患者分娩SGA的发生独立相关(P<0.05);ROC曲线结果显示,妊娠早期TyG指数对GDM患者分娩SGA具有较好的预测价值(AUC=0.821,95%CI:0.763~0.879,P<0.001)。结论GDM患者妊娠早期TyG指数与分娩SGA之间存在独立相关,对于GDM患者分娩SGA具有较好的预测价值。
文摘AIM:To assess the safety and utility of capsule endoscopy(CE)for children who are unable to swallow the capsule endoscope.METHODS:The medical records of all of the children who underwent CE between 2010 and 2012 were retrospectively reviewed.The patients were divided into 2groups:group A included patients who were unable to swallow the capsule endoscope,and group B included patients who were able to swallow it.For the patients who were unable to swallow the capsule endoscope,it was placed in the duodenum endoscopically.The small bowel transit time,endoscopic diagnosis and complications of the 2 groups were compared.RESULTS:During the study period,28 CE procedures were performed in 26 patients.Group A included 11patients with a median age of 2 years(range 10 mo-9years),and group B included 15 patients with a median age of 12 years(range 8 years-16 years).The lightest child in the study weighed 7.9 kg.The detection rates did not differ between the 2 groups.The median small bowel transit time was 401 min(range 264-734 min)in group A and 227 min(range 56-512 min)in group B(P=0.0078).No serious complications,including capsule retention,occurred.No significant mucosal trauma occurred in the pharynx,esophagus,stomach or duodenum when the capsule was introduced using an endoscope.CONCLUSION:CE is a safe and useful procedure for infants and young children who are unable to swallow the capsule endoscope.
文摘目的分析早产小于胎龄儿(small for gestational age infant,SGA)发生的危险因素,为加强围生期教育及进行临床干预提供依据。方法选取2017年1月至2022年1月河北大学附属医院新生儿科收治的1483例早产儿为研究对象,根据出生体质量和胎龄的关系将研究对象分为2组,即早产SGA组和早产适于胎龄儿(appropriate for gestational age infant,AGA)组,分析每组患儿的围生期高危因素,并运用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析早产SGA发生的危险因素。结果早产SGA组母亲孕期合并妊娠期高血压、羊水过少、胎盘异常、妊娠期贫血、双胎/多胎妊娠、高龄产妇、接受辅助生殖技术比例高于早产AGA组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示,母亲患有妊娠期高血压、胎盘异常、妊娠期贫血是早产SGA发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论母亲患有妊娠期高血压、胎盘异常、妊娠期贫血与早产SGA的发生关系密切,在临床工作中应针对性开展围生期教育并及时干预,降低SGA的发生率。
