Moment tensor inversion of small to moderate earthquakes in the Capital Region in 2004

The moment tensor solutions of 51 small to moderate earthquakes occurred in the Capital Region in the year of 2004 are obtained by inverting the broadband waveform data. Accordingly, other source parameters, such as scalar seismic moments, moment magnitudes, double-couple （DC） components and compensated-linear-vector-dipole （CLVD） components, are determined as well as fault parameters and stress-axis parameters. The inverted results are evaluated by groups of numerical tests.

Regional Economic Geography with Externalities, Congestion, and Fiscal Policies in a Small-Open Growth Economy

This paper develops a two-regional growth model with amenity, capital accumulation and regional public goods with public goods and fiscal policies. The economy consists of two regions and each region consists of the industrial sector and public sector. The industrial sector provides goods in perfectly competitive markets. The public sector, which is financed by the regional government’s tax incomes, supplies regional public goods. The public goods affect both firms and households. We show how to find equilibrium values of the dynamic system and simulate model. Then, we carry out comparative statics analysis with regard to parameter changes in tax rates, congestion and amenity. Our comparative statics analysis provides some important insights. For instance, a main difference between the effects of increasing the two regions’ tax rates on the output is that as the technologically advanced region’s (the other region’s) tax rate on the industrial sector is increased, the national industrial output, national capital employed by the economy, and the national wealth are increased (reduced). In the region which increases the tax rate, the wage rate, consumption and wealth per capita, output per labor force, the population, and land rent are increased, and the corresponding variables in the other region are reduced.

Development Trend of Small Island District in Tropical Monsoon Region (Case Study: Ly Son and Phu Quy Island Districts, Vietnam)

Ly Son (Quang Ngai province) and Phu Quy (Binh Thuan province) are two island districts in Vietnam that have similar natural characteristics;both are facing the issues of sustainable economic development. This research applied Man-Kendall model to estimate the trend of some socio-economic elements in these two island districts that have been collected during the period of 2002-2018. In general, socio-economic factors showed a tendency to increase recently. Ly Son island district has faster growth rate than that of Phu Quy because Phu Quy is farther from the mainland, more difficult to access and this island district does not own distinct local products. However, with the current development speed, Ly Son is facing several consequences such as insufficient water sources to meet the water demand and security instability due to the increasing number of visitors to the island. This research also proposed that, in order to sustainably develop the two island districts, there should be a specific structure for economic development orientation among sectors based on phased schedule. More importantly, tourism development planning should take capacity into consideration. Fishing practices should pay attention to methods and fishing equipment. Infrastructure investment for environmental protection as well as advocacy program to minimize the use of plastic bags should be done on a regular basis.

Plant Landscape Design Language of Small Street Parks in Tropical Coastal Regions:A Case Study of Zhanjiang City

Small urban street parks play an irreplaceable role in protecting ecological environment of cities and beautifying living spaces of citizens, in these parks plant is an essential landscaping element that can not only improve environmental quality, but also provide visual enjoyment for viewers. There are many small street parks in Zhanjiang City, however, plant landscapes in such parks lack in regional characteristics because of blind copy and random planting. By analyzing plant landscapes in typical street parks in Zhanjiang, and borrowing the theoretical research framework of linguistics, this paper concluded the vocabulary, sentence,chapter and grammatical rules of plant landscape design, in order to explore new methods for the plant landscape design of small parks in tropical coastal regions.

Study on the Moment Magnitude of Small and Moderate Earthquakes Located in the Inner Mongolia Region

Based on digital seismic waveform data from Inner Mongolia Digital Seismic Network,the source spectrum parameters of 182 small and moderate earthquakes from January,2009to September,2016 are derived,and the seismic momentmoment magnitude MW of the earthquakes are calculated.Theand the relationship between stress drop and magnitude are obtained using the linear regression method.It is clear that incorporating the moment magnitude into the seismic quick report catalog and the official earthquake catalog can enrich earthquake observation report content,thus providing better service for earthquake emergency and earthquake scientific research.

基于Region多层结构P2P计算网络模型

分布式P2P网络Gnutella模型中共享信息查询的路由协议为“洪泛”算法,其协议机制仅在应用层实现,缺乏对Internet底层通信子网路由资源的利用,存在可扩展性、性能与效率不高的问题.以“小世界和幂规律”模型为理论基础,以层和域为基本逻辑管理单位,按用户需求和共享目的组织域,提出了基于Region多层结构P2P网络模型RLP2P(region-layerP2P),实现了其系统原型;实现了一个优化的MultilayerLight-Gossip分级路由策略;量化分析了表征模型数据通道质量指标的压力和伸展率,提出了综合考虑压力和伸展率的思想.模拟分析表明,RLP2P模型可以有效地解决可扩展性、性能与效率不高问题,且网络规模越大,其综合性能的优越性越明显,因此,模型是合理、有效的.

Overall Image Design of Small Townships in Guangxi

Since the 21st century, the construction of small towns in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region has been accelerated obviously and has already taken shape, but there are still some problems such as old towns not being well protected, new towns constructed in unified style, regional culture not being excavated and town features without characteristics. Thus, this paper analyzed some actual cases in Guangxi which are successful in designing the overall image of small towns, including Cendou Xincun, Xing'an County and Yangshuo Dongling, found that all constructions show rich elements of traditional houses, characteristics of local houses and distinctive cultures of folk houses, and concluded that tradition was the source to construct the features of small towns, innovation was the basis to develop small towns and culture was the core to sublimate the features of small towns. It was considered that traditional architectures could only be integrated with modern architectures by fully excavating cultural characteristics of regional architectures, combining with regional tourism industry and motivating local people to participate in reconstruction, to enhance local styles and national features, and create a beautiful, comfortable and harmonious living environment, so the overall regional styles and features of small towns can be represented and proceeded, comprehensive competitiveness and strong vitality can be given to those towns.

Designing Small Building:A Case Study of Design Plan for Yingshan Reception Center

Taking the design plan for Yingshan Reception Center in Jiawang District,Xuzhou City for example,the paper explores the ways of designing small special buildings in mountainous areas.Regional cultures and humanistic concern are combined to study design of small building from the perspectives of site,form,space,material,low technology and ecological strategies,and to explore a way of designing primitive civil architecture that is comfortable,livable and able to integrate into local environment.

Small hepatocellular carcinoma: current status and prospects

Background: More than two decades have gone by since the early report of resection for small hepatocel- lular carcinoma (HCC), which resulted in improved prognosis of HCC. Objective: To review the past and recent data, and prospect the future in this field. Data sources: Literature and recent data from the Liver Cancer Institute of Fudan University, Shang- hai, China. Data synthesis: 1232 patients with small HCC from the institute were analyzed between 1960-1984 (n= 107) and 1985-1999 (n=1125). The increase of li- mited resection rate from 69.5 % to 82.5 % contribu- ted in part to the increase of resectability from 76.6 % to 95.5 %, decrease of operative mortality from 2.4 % to 1.2 %, and improvement of 5-year sur- vival after resection (from 53.1% to 64.0%). The 5-year survival was higher after limited resection than after lobectomy, being 64.4 % versus 55.9%. The 5-year survival after resection was superior to that after cryosurgery and other regional cancer therapies (32.8 %). However, molecular studies found that biological characteristics were only slightly better in small HCC than in large HCC. Conclusions: Resection remains the treatment choice for small HCC with compensated liver function, while regional cancer therapies and liver transplanta- tion are alternatives for patients with incompensated liver function. Biological characteristics remain the leading factor influencing prognosis of small HCC.

Detection of hyper-conserved regions in hepatitis B virus X gene potentially useful for gene therapy

AIM To detect hyper-conserved regions in the hepatitis B virus(HBV) X gene(HBX) 5' region that could be candidates for gene therapy.METHODS The study included 27 chronic hepatitis B treatmentnaive patients in various clinical stages(from chronic infection to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, both HBeA g-negative and HBeA g-positive), and infected with HBV genotypes A-F and H. In a serum sample from each patient with viremia > 3.5 log IU/m L, the HBX 5' end region [nucleotide(nt) 1255-1611] was PCRamplified and submitted to next-generation sequencing(NGS). We assessed genotype variants by phylogenetic analysis, and evaluated conservation of this region by calculating the information content of each nucleotide position in a multiple alignment of all unique sequences(haplotypes) obtained by NGS. Conservation at the HBx protein amino acid(aa) level was also analyzed.RESULTS NGS yielded 1333069 sequences from the 27 samples, with a median of 4578 sequences/sample(2487-9279, IQR 2817). In 14/27 patients(51.8%), phylogenetic analysis of viral nucleotide haplotypes showed a complex mixture of genotypic variants. Analysis of the information content in the haplotype multiple alignments detected 2 hyper-conserved nucleotide regions, one in the HBX upstream non-coding region(nt 1255-1286) and the other in the 5' end coding region(nt 1519-1603). This last region coded for a conserved amino acid region(aa 63-76) that partially overlaps a Kunitz-like domain.CONCLUSION Two hyper-conserved regions detected in the HBX 5' end may be of value for targeted gene therapy, regardless of the patients' clinical stage or HBV genotype.

Integrated Prevention and Control System for Soil Erosion in Typical Black Soil Region of Northeast China

The black soil region of Northeast China is one of the most important food production bases and commodity grain bases in China. However, the continual loss and degradation of precious black soil resources has led to direct threats to national food security and regional sustainable development. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize integrated prevention and control experience of small watersheds in black soil region of Northeast China. Tongshuang small watershed, a typical watershed in rolling hills of typical black soil areas in Northeast China, is selected as the study area. Based on nearly 50 years' experience in prevention and control of soil and water loss, the structures and overall benefits of an integrated prevention and control system for soil and water loss are investigated. Then, the 'three defense lines' tri-dimensional protection system with reasonable allocation of different types of soil and water control measures from the hill top to gully is systematically analyzed. The first line on the top hill can weaken and block uphill runoff and sediment, hold water resources and improve soil property. The second line on the hill can truncate slope length, slow down the runoff velocity and reduce erosion energy. The third line in the gully is mainly composed of waterfall engineering, which can inhibit soil erosion and restore land resources. The 'three defense lines' system is feasible for soil and water loss control of small watersheds in the typical black soil region of Northeast China. Through the application of the in Tongshuang small watershed, There are effective improvements in ecological conditions in Tongshuang small watershed after the application of 'three defense lines' soil and water control system. Moreover, the integrated treatment paradigm for soil and water loss in typical black soil region is compared with that in loess region. The results of this study could offer references and experiences for other small watersheds in typical black soil region of Northeast China.

Construction Features of Small Roadside Parks in Tropical Area——A Case Study of Zhanjiang City

Accessibility and flexibility of small roadside parks make them significant transitional spaces in urban landscape environment. Three representative small parks in Zhanjiang City, a typical tropical city in south China, were selected to analyze their location features, spatial processing, demonstration of regional landscapes and recreational characteristics. It was proposed that construction of small roadside parks in tropical area should put human needs on the priority, present regional features of tropical garden landscapes, and focus on inheritance and innovation of regional cultures.

多民族小区域社会共同性的形成——以贵州榕江县“宰牙四寨”为例

铸牢中华民族共同体意识,需要从各民族的交往交流交融历史实践中去认知和理解共同拥有的文化认同基础,进而才能引导新时代民族工作主线的具体实践。本文聚焦于贵州榕江县郎洞镇的宰牙四寨小区域社会,梳理自清代雍正年间国家“开辟”建制治理下,重构了村寨人群地理空间,使之步入苗、侗、汉等多民族共居互动的社会结构过程。在几百年的历史发展中,一方面是各民族面临相同的自然与社会生境,形成了共同的社会诉求和生活方式,一些被认为对共同生活与社会秩序稳定有保障的族性社会文化规则,被接纳重构为地缘性规则;另一方面是国家制度、文化理念、通用文字及现代民族平等政策等先后植入,与地方社会文化传统互动,生成新的整合机制,进一步强化了超越单一民族的小区域共同体凝聚。该个案的意义在于透析出具有共同性的“文化中国”是由若干类似超越族性的小区域共同体及其文化共遵共享连缀而成的。

Seismic Risk Region Determination by Information Entropy

During the preparation process of a great earthquake, there are certain patterns of less randomness but more order in the space-time distribution of micro-earthquakes, which had been proved by seismic events and experiments. The information entropy concerning the dimension of the order in seismic distribution is systematically defined from the point of modern statistical physics in this paper. Relations of dynamic variations of information entropy with a strong shock occurrence time and the distribution of information with a strong shock occurrence place were approached through seismic data from the Wuqia, Xikar, Wushi, and Manasi regions in Xinjiang. It is indicated that before strong earthquakes, the value of information entropy often noticeably drops in seismic region, and generally much lower in the epicentral area than the surrounding regions. These two characters are of important significance in strong shock risk region determination and large shock tendency prediction.

基于机器学习降雨动态时空特征识别山丘区小流域洪水预报方法研究

山丘区洪水产汇流速度快,破坏力强,预报难度大。如何进一步提高山丘区洪水预报的准确性和预见期,是当前亟待解决的主要问题。针对该问题,本文基于机器学习技术,创新性地提出了一种洪水预报的新方法。该方法通过识别与当前降雨动态时空特征最相似的历史降雨洪水过程,“借古喻今”进行洪水预报。结果表明,在人为影响小、流域面积在600 km^(2)左右的山丘区小流域,该方法预报洪峰流量平均误差为8.33%,洪量平均误差为14.27%,峰现时间平均误差1 h,均达到了洪水预报精度要求。区别于传统的洪水预报方法,该方法从整场降雨发展趋势的角度上预报山洪,更有针对性,为山丘区小流域洪水预报提供了新思路,为“三道防线”数据深度挖掘,防洪“四预”智能化水平提升提供有力技术支撑。

基于机器学习的寒区渠道冰情的遥感监测方法

寒区渠道冬季运行时常出现冰情,控制平封的封冻过程会大幅降低渠道输水能力,调控不当甚至可能产生冰塞、冰坝等灾害。国内外开展了大量渠道冰情研究,以期提升渠道冰期输水能力,但受限于观测资料的时空密度,数值模拟结果难以验证,调度决策缺少依据。遥感技术因其具有监测范围大、时效性高的特性,在渠道冰情监测中具有较大的应用潜力。为探索适用于寒区渠道冰情遥感监测的方法,该研究以南水北调中线京石段明渠段为研究区,基于Sentinel-2影像的11个波段反射率构建了完全特征、优选特征和组合特征3类特征空间数据集,作为支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)、最大似然估计(maximum likelihood estimation,MLE)、随机森林(random forest,RF)分类算法输入,训练得到了9个地物分类器,用于渠道结冰范围识别,并采用北拒马闸前影像渠道结冰范围提取试验,对比不同分类算法和输入特征组合下的分类性能。结果表明:在渠道结冰范围识别中,近红外、可见光和短波红外是关键波段。在样本数量有限的条件下,SVM算法结冰范围识别精度最高,不同特征输入下制图精度(producer’s accuracy,PA)可达85.10%~87.91%,错分误差(commission error,CE)为10.84%~16.08%;RF算法在完全特征和优选特征输入下分类精度与SVM接近,PA为84.67%~86.61%,CE为13.76%~14.41%,但其在组合特征下分类结果严重偏离实际;MLE算法在3类特征下的分类精度均较低,不适宜作为渠道结冰范围识别算法。综合来看,SVM算法对特征空间敏感性较低,在不同的特征输入下均能实现渠道结冰范围的高精度提取;RF算法对特征空间敏感性较高,当输入特征发生变化时,结冰范围识别精度不稳定。最后以完全特征下的SVM算法为例,进行了分类器的时空泛化性验证,结果表明模型在不同时间、不同渠段下,制图精度不低于82.09%,错分误差不高于13.82%,分类模型精度均较好,能有效识别渠道结冰范围。该研究方法可为寒区输水工程冰情监测提供新思路,亦可为类似工作提供参考。

县域教育的兜底功能:社会基础与实现路径

县域教育深嵌在县域社会之中,既要承担一般化的教育功能,还要回应县域社会独特的教育需求。由于县域社会主要是乡村社会,当前乡村社会从整体走向碎片、农民家庭从完整走向分割、隔代教育的社会功能不齐全、教育城镇化加剧乡村学校衰败等社会变迁,使得县域教育中家庭主体、社会主体缺位,导致一些重要的教育功能无法实现,使县乡的孩子们的权利受到侵害,给其成长带来不良影响。为此,县乡学校要对县乡孩子们的教育进行权利和责任兜底。要实现教育兜底功能,县域教育就要集中力量办好乡校、县中及县域职业学校要向多中心教育目标转型,以确保县乡的孩子们有平等的机会和权利通过县域教育走出县乡,成为有知识、懂规范、人格健全、适应社会的人。

The Study on the Strong Ground Motion Attenuation Relationship in the Pishan Area,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Small earthquake data from the Pishan MS6.5 aftershocks is collected by the Xinjiang Regional Digital Seismic Observation Network.Five parameters of the focal region are obtained by micro genetic inversion:stress dropΔσof 75.95 bars,quality factor parameters Q0of 186.33 andηof 0.26,geometric attenuation parameters R1of 72.18km and R2of 139.70km.We calculate the Fourier spectrum and combine it with the random phase spectrum to get the ground motion time history,and build the strong motion acceleration attenuation relationship.The strong ground motion acceleration attenuation of the Pishan area is thus obtained.Because of the insufficiency of strong ground motion records,we added the records from the Wuqia MS6.9 earthquake on October 5,2008,the Akto MS6.2 earthquake on October 6,2008,and the Lop MS6.0 earthquake on March 9,2012 to the data.The comparison of the calculation results and the empirical attenuation relationships with strong ground motion records reveal that the strong motion data of Pishan and Lop earthquakes is higher than the empirical attenuation relationships.The Wuqia MS6.9 earthquake strong motion data is consistent with Yu Yanxiangs(2013)short axis result,and lower than the present result.

云南小碗红糖非遗品牌发展路径研究

随着农业的发展,农产品品牌化对推进乡村振兴和农业农村现代化发挥着重要作用。本文以云南省巧家县红糖产业为研究对象,通过实地调研和网络调研相结合的方法,总结巧家县红糖产业发展的机遇与优势,发现巧家县小碗红糖品牌发展存在品牌价值缺位、产品附加值不高、发展合力不足、培育机制不完善等问题。为此,提出丰富品牌多元要素、优化生产质量标准、壮大本土经营主体、明晰品牌培育机制等策略,为巧家小碗红糖品牌建设进一步完善提供建议与参考。

Research on central village selection in western underdeveloped region:a case study of Lidian Town,Jingning County,Gansu Province,China

Central village selection is the priority of small town construction.Depending on the development potential analysis,classification analysis,and quantitative and qualitative analysis,this article systematically proposes the specific methods of central village selection and also constructs the indicator system used in central village selection in small towns of western underdeveloped region in China.The article also puts forward ideas and methods for selection of central village in the western underdeveloped region through an empirical research on Lidian Town,Jingning County,Gansu Province.In the final part,suggestions and recommendations on how to develop central village for Lidian Town are made.