Rate of Patient Delay among Students with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in China: A Meta-Analysis

Objective: To systematically review the rate of patient delay of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients among students in China. Methods: Databases including Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, VIP, and WANFANG DATA were electronically searched to collect cross-sectional studies on the incidence of delayed consultation in students with PTB in China from January 1, 2000, to November 15, 2022. Two researchers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed by Stata 16.0 software. Results: In total, 60 cross-sectional studies with 260,707 cases involving 136,701 delayed consultation PTB patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the rate of patient delay was 46.4% (95% CI 44.3% to 48.4%) among students with PTB in China. Results of subgroup analyses showed that: 1) The rates were 46.8% and 50.4% for male and female students, respectively. 2) The rates for the East, Central and West parts of China were 42.3%, 45.6% and 50.5%, respectively. 3) The rates were increased first and then decreased during 2007 to 2020. 4) The rates of students from primary school, junior high school, senior high school and university were 50.3%, 49.8%, 40.7% and 44.9%, respectively. 5) The rates for the Han and the other nationalities were 50.3% and 53.9%, respectively. 6) The rates for local and non-local students were 47.2% and 50.5%, respectively. 7) The rates of patients detected by consultation due to symptoms, recommendation due to symptoms, referral, tracking and healthy physical examination were 50.5%, 51.6%, 46.6%, 55.6% and 16.2%, respectively. 8) The rates of patients with initial PTB and retreatment PTB were 53.1% and 59.6%, respectively. 9) The rates of patients with positive etiology, negative etiology and without etiological results were 55.9%, 47.0% and 51.6%, respectively. 10) The rates of severe and non-severe patients were 59.4% and 52.9%, respectively. Conclusion: The patient delay rate for Chinese students with PTB is generally at a high level. There are substantial differences in the patient delay rate for students with PTB among different genders, regions, study stages, nationalities, household registration types, detection methods, and treatment classifications.

Acceptance of Chemo-prophylaxis for Latent Tuberculosis Infection among High School/College Student Contacts of Tuberculosis Patients in Shanghai, China

Student contacts of tuberculosis（TB）cases are susceptible to latent tuberculosis infection（LTBI）,and chemo-prophylaxis can reduce the risk of active TB among them.This study aimed to assess the acceptance of chemo-prophylaxis for LTBI among students, and their concerns regarding TB and its preventive treatment.

Serum IL-1β and IL-18 correlate with ESR and CRP in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients

Dear Editor： The emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis （MDR-TB） is bringing new challenges. MDR-TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis （M. tuberculosis） that is resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin, with or with- out resistance to other anti-tuberculosis drugs. Approximately 450,000 people developed MDR-TB worldwide in 2012 and an estimated 170,000 people died from the disease. Bacterial burden is not strictly corre- lated with disease progression, and several hallmarks of severe tuberculosis suggest that insufficiently controlled inflammation plays an important role in pathogenesis.

Frequency of Depression and Anxiety among Tuberculosis Patients

Objective: The aim of present study was to determine the frequency of depression and anxiety among tuberculosis patients. Methods: It was a descriptive study that had investigated the co-morbidity of depression and anxiety among tuberculosis patients with reference to gender. This study was conducted in Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre—Chest ward (TB clinic) from July 2014 to September 2014. Hundred diagnosed patients of tuberculosis (50 males and 50 females) were randomly selected. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7) were used to assess the level of anxiety and depression. Results: Findings indicated that 56% tuberculosis (TB) patients had moderate to severe level of depression, whereas 65% TB patients had moderate to severe level of anxiety. Female patients had significantly high prevalence of depression as compared to males (t = –2.173, P –3.468, P Conclusion: Likelihood of depression and anxiety was frequent in tuberculosis patients. However, better management of these psychiatric morbidities may improve treatment adherence, illness perception and patient coping skills.

Risk of Treatment Failure in Patients with Drug-susceptible Pulmonary Tuberculosis in China

The objective of this prospective study of the risks of treatment failure in patients with drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis （PTB） was to provide reference data to help develop a disease control strategy. Participants were recruited in eight provinces of China from October 2008 to December 2010. A total of 1447 patients with drug-susceptible PTB and older than 15 years of age were enrolled.

Anemia and Hematologic Characteristics in Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients at Diagnosis in Kinshasa

Context: The burden of TB in Africa tends to be exacerbated by the socio-economic situation and the high prevalence of intercurrent infections such as HIV, malaria and non-specific bacterial infections. These factors often result in anemia, making patients at high risk for anemia. Objective: We aimed to gain insights into the characteristics of anemia, hematologic variations and socio-economic status in untreated pulmonary TB patients (PTB) in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 200 smear-positive pulmonary TB patients (PTB) recruited at the initiation of TB treatment. Complete Blood Count, Iron profile, BMI, CRP and albuminemia were assessed. Data were analyzed using Student t or Mann Whitney tests as appropriate, and logistic regression was performed to assess the strength of associations. Results: Anemia was a regular finding in (69%). This anemia was mostly moderate (92.2%) and with iron deficiency pattern (48%). Hypoalbuminemia was observed in half of the subjects and appears to be correlated with the severity of anemia. Surprisingly, the severity of inflammation, as reflected by the CRP, was inversely correlated with the anemia. In the multivariate analysis, alcohol intake (OR: 2.38;IC 95%: 1.05 - 5.38), hypoalbuminemia (OR: 1.98;IC 95%: 1.02 - 3.82) and CRP rate were significantly associated with the presence of anemia among pulmonary tuberculosis at the diagnostic. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the heavy burden of the iron responsive anemia and risky life conditions in newly diagnosed TB patients, and underscores the potential usefulness of iron supplementation in the Congolese context.

Patient and Health System Factors Associated with First Line Tuberculosis Treatment Adherence, 2009-2014

Background: The prevalence and incidence rate of tuberculosis remains high although the disease is known to be almost always curable provided the patient adheres to the treatment regimen. This study assessed the strength of association between known patient and health system factors associated with first line tuberculosis treatment adherence. Methods: A quantitative cross sectional study. Retrospective chart reviews were conducted among 570 persons who had primary tuberculosis and received first line treatment at a health facility within the Nkangala district, Mpumalanga province and who had a treatment outcome recorded between 1st January 2009 and 31st December 2014. Adherence to first line tuberculosis treatment was defined as taking ≥80% of tuberculosis prescribed drugs within a period of 6 to 8 months. Stata software (logistic regressions model) was used to analyze results and find the strength of association between known factors and treatment adherence. Results: Out of the 570 study participants, 473 were adherent and 96 were not adherent. There was a statistically significant association between age 18 years and above (OR: 1.02, P-value: 0.027), sex (lower in males OR: 0.44, P-value: 0.001) and support (OR: 3.04, P-value: 0.05) and HIV (OR: 1, P-value: 0.634) and first line TB treatment adherence. Conclusion and Recommendation: >80% adherence to first line tuberculosis outcome is possible. The support given to people with tuberculosis will further enhance adherence to first line tuberculosis treatment.

Retro-Viral Disease Status of Patients on DOTS Tuberculosis Treatment Strategy in a South-East Nigeria Teaching Hospital

Introduction: Tuberculosis is associated with HIV/AIDS and it has been recognized as one of the most frequent opportunistic infections in persons with HIV. Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death in people with HIV having an adverse effect on HIV progression. Objectives: The objective is to determine the retroviral disease status of patients on the DOTS strategy. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of patients was seen at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital from January 2013 to April 2015. Relevant information was collected from patients’ folders. Statistical analysis was done with the SPSS and results were represented in tables. Results: 171 patients (77%) were HIV negative while 51 (23%) were positive giving an HIV negative/HIV positive ratio of 3.35:1. 97 patients (43.7%) had 6 months duration of treatment. The least was 2 patients (0.9%) that complied with their medication for 7 months. The 61 - 70 years age group accounted for the least number of HIV-positive patients. Conclusion/Recommendations: There is strong tuberculosis/HIV co-infectivity among the studied population. Strategies to reduce the burden of TB/HIV co-infection should be strengthened.

The effect of cytisine on smoking cessation in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

An article by Omara Dogar et al[1].that was first published in Lancet Global Health in 2020 revealed that current evidence didn’t support the addition of cytisine to brief behavioural support for the treatment of tobacco dependence in patients with tuberculosis.

Surgical treatment of spinal tuberculosis in older patients

Objective To discuss perioperative features,operative approach and surgical effects of spinal tuberculosis in older patients.Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 45 patients with spinal

Is convenience really king?Comparative evaluation of catastrophic costs due to tuberculosis in the public and private healthcare sectors of Viet Nam:a longitudinal patient cost study

Background In Viet Nam,tuberculosis(TB)represents a devastating life-event with an exorbitant price tag,partly due to lost income from daily directly observed therapy in public sector care.Thus,persons with TB may seek care in the private sector for its flexibility,convenience,and privacy.Our study aimed to measure income changes,costs and catastrophic cost incurrence among TB-affected households in the public and private sector.Methods Between October 2020 and March 2022,we conducted 110 longitudinal patient cost interviews,among 50 patients privately treated for TB and 60 TB patients treated by the National TB Program(NTP)in Ha Noi,Hai Phong and Ho Chi Minh City,Viet Nam.Using a local adaptation of the WHO TB patient cost survey tool,participants were interviewed during the intensive phase,continuation phase and post-treatment.We compared income levels,direct and indirect treatment costs,catastrophic costs using Wilcoxon rank-sum and chi-squared tests and associated risk factors between the two cohorts using multivariate regression.Results The pre-treatment median monthly household income was significantly higher in the private sector versus NTP cohort(USD 868 vs USD 578;P=0.010).However,private sector treatment was also significantly costlier(USD 2075 vs USD 1313;P=0.005),driven by direct medical costs which were 4.6 times higher than costs reported by NTP participants(USD 754 vs USD 164;P<0.001).This resulted in no significant difference in catastrophic costs between the two cohorts(Private:55%vs NTP:52%;P=0.675).Factors associated with catastrophic cost included being a single-person household[adjusted odds ratio[(a OR=13.71;95%confidence interval(CI):1.36-138.14;P=0.026)],unemployment during treatment(a OR=10.86;95%CI:2.64-44.60;P<0.001)and experiencing TB-related stigma(a OR=37.90;95%CI:1.72-831.73;P=0.021)].Conclusions Persons with TB in Viet Nam face similarly high risk of catastrophic costs whether treated in the public or private sector.Patient costs could be reduced through expanded insurance reimbursement to minimize direct medical costs in the private sector,use of remote monitoring and multi-week/month dosing strategies to avert economic costs in the public sector and greater access to social protection mechanism in general.

Risk factors related to death in patients with tuberculosis complicated with sepsis in an intensive care unit

Objective To explore the risk factors related to death in patients with tuberculosis complicated with sepsis in an intensive care unit,in order to provide reference for the clinical treatment of patients with tuberculosis complicated with sepsis.Methods A retrospective case-control study was conducted to collect the general clinical data of 384 patients with tuberculosis complicated with sepsis in intensive care unit of Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu from March 2020 to November 2022.

Characterization of Tuberculosis Cases Presenting in a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in South-Eastern Nigeria

Background: Tuberculosis is second only to HIV/AIDS as the greatest killer worldwide, due to a single infectious agent. Directly Observed Treatment Short-Course (DOTS) is presently the WHO recommended programme to fight tuberculosis worldwide. There is need to understand the characteristics of patients who receive treatment for tuberculosis. This will help modify the strategies to fight the scourge of tuberculosis. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at the DOTS clinic at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria. The records of patients who received treatment from the clinic from 1st January 2012 to 31st December 2012 were reviewed. Three hundred and fifteen patients were included in the study. Important characteristics of the patients were retrieved. Associations between patients’ characteristics were determined using relevant tests of significance. Results: Three hundred and fifteen patients were included in the study. There were more male patients (59%). The reproductive age group (37.5%) was more than the other age groups. Mean age was 33.1 (±18.5) years. There were more rural patients (50.2%) than urban patients (49.8%). There were more pulmonary TB patients (87.3%) than extrapulmonary TB patients (12.7%). There were more sputum AFB negative patients (45.4%) than positive patients (41.3%). There were more HIV negative patients (59.4%) than positive patients (40.6%). Conclusion: This study demonstrated some important characteristics of tuberculosis patients. Such knowledge if taken into consideration in the tuberculosis control programme will definitely improve the outcome of the programme.

Illness Experience in a Very Low Income/Poor District of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Tuberculosis, Medication Adherence and Common Mental Disorders

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a global health problem. Improving medication adherence is an important attribute concerning the outcome of tuberculosis treatment. This study investigates illness experience of patients belonging to a low-income district within Manguinhos catchment area. Narrative studies are able to unfold features concerning patient adherence and co-occurrence of depressive symptoms. Methods: Twenty-three patients under treatment were interviewed using McGill Illness Narrative Interview (MINI-McGILL), besides depression screening with “Self-Report Questionnaire-20” (SRQ-20) and “Beck Depression Inventory” (BDI). Results: Explanatory models disregarded airborne microorganism contagion, known but not considered relevant while bohemian or deviant lifestyle was rather perceived as a causal model. Patients mentioned contiguous events suggesting pneumonia or influenza misdiagnosis before final tuberculosis diagnosis (testing or suspicion). Therapeutic pathways were erratic, suggesting low literacy level and postponed or inadequate diagnosis accuracy. Emergency units or private services usually stood for primary care units considered first choice by planners. Expressions such as “dreadful/shameful disease” or “very heavy illness” acknowledged stigma. Research data detected the importance of social network role, highlighting the family through financial and affective support. Hopelessness and depression were closely related to illness suffering and adversities. The percentage of patients for positive common mental disorder and depression approaches 30%. Conclusion: Tuberculosis remains a stigmatizing disease. Building effective health services networks, comprising treatment facilities, community and family resources are very important to improve medication adherence. Effective tuberculosis management through health teams training seems necessary. Incorporating simple screening instruments for depression assessment might promote well-being and patient adherence.

互联网医院平台对结核病患者就诊体验的影响因素分析

目的:调查在互联网医院平台就诊的结核病患者的就诊体验并分析其影响因素,为改善结核病患者对“互联网+”医疗服务的就诊体验、提升互联网医院平台的服务质量提供参考。方法:以随机数字表法抽取2022年1—5月在首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院互联网医院平台线上就诊并且符合纳入标准的175例结核病患者进行电话调查,自主设计问卷完成患者基本情况、就诊情况、满意度等方面的数据收集,并采用“互联网+”患者就诊体验量表对患者体验进行评价,收回有效问卷150份,有效率为85.7%(150/175),分别采用t检验、方差分析和多元线性回归分析对患者就诊体验进行单因素和多因素分析。结果:患者就诊体验总体得分为(59.44±7.06)分,其中安全性维度得分最高[(4.41±0.62)分],获得性维度得分最低[(3.97±0.66)分]。单因素分析结果显示,患者的年龄(F=8.477,P<0.01)、居住地(F=3.285,P<0.05)、职业(F=3.158,P<0.01)对患者体验的差异具有统计学意义;就诊等待时间(t=-3.099,P<0.01)、问题咨询时间(t=3.725,P<0.01)、医生的专业度(F=4.887,P<0.01)对患者体验的差异具有统计学意义;患者对整体就诊(F=16.134,P<0.01)、就诊流程(F=21.862,P<0.01)、就医资源获取(F=24.165,P<0.01)、就诊医生(F=20.458,P<0.01)及医院整体(F=17.176,P<0.01)的满意度对患者体验的差异均具有统计学意义。在多元线性回归分析中,相较于北京郊区,天津或河北等环京地区患者的就诊体验更好(t=2.386,P<0.05);相较于离退休人员,政府事业单位、公司职员、个体经营者、无业人员的就诊体验更好(t=2.585,P<0.05;t=2.626,P<0.05;t=2.839,P<0.01;t=2.424,P<0.05);就诊等待时间≥30 min、有足够的问题咨询时间、对就医资源获取便捷性和对就诊医生的满意度高的患者就诊体验更好(t=3.402,P<0.01;t=-2.775,P<0.01;t=2.329,P<0.05;t=2.064,P<0.05)。结论:结核病患者在互联网医院平台就诊的总体体验较好,影响患者就诊体验的主要因素有年龄、居住地、职业、就诊等待时间、问题咨询时间,以及对资源获取和看诊医生的满意度,对以上问题进行改善并加强对重点人群的关注,有助于提升互联网医院平台的就医体验和服务质量。

外周血sIL-2R、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、TNF-α对初治活动性肺结核老年患者化疗疗效的评估价值

目的探讨外周血可溶性白细胞介素2受体(sIL-2R)、CD4^(+)淋巴细胞百分比/CD8^(+)淋巴细胞百分比比值(下称CD4^(+)/CD8^(+))、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)对初治活动性肺结核老年患者化疗疗效的评估价值。方法将2019年12月至2022年12月该院收治的102例初治活动性肺结核老年患者纳入研究作为观察组,另选取102例年龄≥60岁且同期于该院体检的健康者作为对照组。比较两组外周血sIL-2R、TNF-α、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平并分析sIL-2R、TNF-α、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)间的相关性。观察组均采用2HRZE/4HR抗结核治疗方案,比较观察组治疗前、治疗1个月、治疗6个月时不同疗效患者外周血sIL-2R、TNF-α、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+);分析sIL-2R、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、TNF-α水平与疗效的相关性;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析各指标用于老年患者化疗疗效评估的效能。结果观察组sIL-2R、TNF-α水平高于对照组,而CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组sIL-2R、TNF-α与CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)呈负相关(P<0.05),sIL-2R与TNF-α呈正相关(P<0.05)。治疗1个月、治疗6个月时显效患者sIL-2R、TNF-α水平低于有效患者,而后者又低于无效患者,显效患者CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)高于有效患者,而后者又高于无效患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。sIL-2R、TNF-α水平与疗效呈负相关(P<0.05),CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)与疗效呈正相关(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,治疗1个月、6个月时sIL-2R、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、TNF-α联合用于评估疗效的曲线下面积(AUC)明显大于各时间点单项指标用于评估的AUC(P<0.05),而且治疗6个月时各指标联合评估的AUC大于治疗1个月(P<0.05)。结论初治活动性肺结核老年患者sIL-2R、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、TNF-α水平与患者疗效密切相关,将以上指标联合用于评估患者化疗疗效具有一定参考价值。

Computed tomography in predicting smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis in AIDS patients

Background The correct diagnosis of sputum smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis in AIDS patients is very important to their therapy. We aimed to assess the value of the computed tomography （CT） and clinical findings in predicting smear- negative pulmonary tuberculosis in AIDS patients. Methods A total of 121 AIDS patients suspected of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis by clinical and radiographic findings were recruited. Pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed in 57 （47.1%） patients. The CT and clinical predictors were selected to diagnose AIDS-related pulmonary tuberculosis through univariate and multivariate Logistic analysis. Results Multivariate analysis showed that five variables, including weight loss, presence of miliary nodules, necrotic lymph node, Iobular consolidation, tree-in-bud sign, were independent predictors of pulmonary tuberculosis in AIDS patients. Predicted scores based on the five variables were used to identify pulmonary tuberculosis. If the predicted score of 3 was taken as the ideal cut-off point in the diagnosis of AIDS-related smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 84.2%, 81.2%, 80.0%, 85.2%, and 82.6%, respectively. Conclusion The prediction method based on five key factors of clinical and CT findings are useful in guiding the diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis in AIDS patients.

2018-2022年长沙某医院结核病患者肺炎克雷伯菌感染的临床分布及耐药性分析

目的探讨长沙市中心医院结核病患者肺炎克雷伯菌感染的耐药性变化情况,为临床合理使用抗生素提供科学依据。方法WHONET5.6软件统计分析2018年—2022年长沙市中心医院结核病患者肺炎克雷伯菌感染的标本来源以及耐药率,采用SPSS21.0软件比较分析结核普通病房患者与结核重症病房患者肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药性差异。结果2018—2022年长沙市中心医院结核病患者送检标本的肺炎克雷伯菌检出率分别为19.6%(275/1402)、22.6%(316/1400)、25.5%(395/1545)、26.7%(377/1410)和27.7%(368/1329),5年检出率之间的差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=33.026,P=0),有逐年升高趋势(χ^(2)趋势=30.973,P=0)。2018—2022年结核病患者检出的肺炎克雷伯菌主要来源于痰液(76.6%),其次分别为支气管肺泡灌洗液(10.7%)、尿液(10.1%)。2018—2022年结核病患者所感染的肺炎克雷伯菌对多黏菌素B、替加环素、阿米卡星、妥布霉素、酶抑制剂复合剂、碳青霉烯类抗生素的耐药率较低,对头孢类、喹诺酮类、氨基糖苷类、四环素类、单环类和磺胺类等抗生素耐药率较高。5年间,检出的肺炎克雷伯菌对左氧氟沙星、头孢吡肟、米诺环素、替加环素和多黏菌素B的耐药率变化较为明显(P均<0.05)。受检的抗生素中除多黏菌素B、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦外,2019年各抗生素耐药率出现明显的升高,但到2020年后出现回落并保持平稳波动。5年间结核普通病房患者检出的肺炎克雷伯菌对被检抗生素(多黏菌素B除外)的平均耐药率低于结核重症病房患者,差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。2018—2022年结核病患者CR-KP检出率分别为11.3%(31/275)、14.9%(47/316)、12.2%(48/395)、15.9%(60/377)、11.4%(42/368),5年间CR-KP检出率差异不显著(P>0.05),CR-KP仅对多黏菌素B保持较高的敏感性,耐药率低于5%,而对其他抗生素呈现出不同程度的耐药。结论长沙市中心医院结核病患者送检标本的肺炎克雷伯菌检出率有逐年升高的趋势,对各种抗生素呈现不同程度耐药,临床应加强对结核病患者肺炎克雷伯菌感染的耐药性监测,合理规范使用抗生素。

不同剂量异烟肼抗结核化疗方案对药物敏感复治肺结核的疗效

目的探讨药物敏感复治肺结核患者应用不同剂量异烟肼抗结核化疗方案治疗的效果及安全性。方法选取收治的对药物敏感的复治肺结核患者97例,按照随机抽样的方式将其分为标准组(n=48)和高剂量组(n=49),标准组依据国家统一的常规剂量(异烟肼0.3 g·d^(−1))给药,高剂量组根据患者体质量决定用药量,≥70 kg者异烟肼剂量为0.5 g·d^(−1),<70 kg者为0.4 g·d^(−1),疗程为8个月。比较2组患者治疗结束后X线摄影显示肺部病灶吸收情况的变化;痰菌阴转情况;血清细胞因子水平变化[白细胞介素-18(interleukin-18,IL-18)、γ干扰素(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-10(interleukin-10,IL-10)]、生活质量[肺癌生活质量评估量表(functional assessment of cancer therapylung,FACT-L)]评分以及不良反应情况。结果高剂量组病灶吸收率为87.76%,明显高于标准组的70.83%(P<0.05);治疗第1个月和第2个月,2组患者痰液转阴率比较差异无统计学意义,治疗第4个月和第8个月高剂量组患者痰菌转阴率显著高于标准组(P<0.05);治疗8个月后,2组患者血清IL-18、IFN-γ、TNF-α及IL-10水平均显著低于治疗前,且高剂量组显著低于标准组(P<0.05);2组患者FACT-L评分均显著高于治疗前,且高剂量组高于标准组(P<0.05);高剂量组不良发应发生率(18.37%)与标准组(16.67%)比较差异无统计学意义。结论对药物敏感复治肺结核采用高剂量异烟肼治疗疗效较好,能有效增强患者肺部病灶吸收,加快空洞闭合,痰液尽早恢复阴性,血清中的炎症因子水平降低,从而提高生活质量,且无明显不良反应。

老年肺结核患者随访检查依从性及其影响因素分析

目的 分析我国2019年年龄≥65岁肺结核患者随访检查依从性,为进一步规范患者治疗管理提供依据。方法通过“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”子系统“结核病管理信息系统”收集2019年全国登记治疗的年龄≥65岁且利福平敏感的初治肺结核患者的病案信息,对患者的基本特征,治疗第2、5、6个月末随访检查完成率以及随访检查依从率进行描述性分析,采用二元多因素Logistic回归分析患者随访检查不依从的影响因素。结果 2019年我国老年利福平敏感初治肺结核患者治疗第2、5、6个月随访检查的完成率分别为95.5%、89.9%、86.0%,总体呈下降趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=-2.287,P=0.022)。患者随访检查的依从率为87.4%(48 834/55 888)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,女性、≥80岁、家务工作者、离退人员、其他职业、东部地区和西部地区、流动人口、有合并症、诊疗单位为综合医院、专科医院的患者随访检查不依从的风险较高,诊疗单位为社区卫生服务中心的患者随访检查不依从的风险较低。结论 2019年我国老年利福平敏感初治肺结核患者的随访检查工作成效显著,但仍需加强东、西部地区以及流动人口、专科医院诊疗患者管理和关怀工作,进一步规范治疗随访以提高患者的治愈率。