Inhibition of EGFR attenuates EGF-induced activation of retinal pigment epithelium cell via EGFR/AKT signaling pathway

AIM:To explore the effect of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)inhibition by erlotinib and EGFR siRNA on epidermal growth factor(EGF)-induced activation of retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)cells.METHODS:Human RPE cell line(ARPE-19 cells)was activated by 100 ng/mL EGF.Erlotinib and EGFR siRNA were used to intervene EGF treatment.Cellular viability,proliferation,and migration were detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)assay,bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU)staining assay and wound healing assay,respectively.EGFR/protein kinase B(AKT)pathway proteins and N-cadherin,α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),and vimentin were tested by Western blot assay.EGFR was also determined by immunofluorescence staining.RESULTS:EGF treatment for 24h induced a significant increase of ARPE-19 cells’viability,proliferation and migration,phosphorylation of EGFR/AKT proteins,and decreased total EGFR expression.Erlotinib suppressed ARPE-19 cells’viability,proliferation and migration through down regulating total EGFR and AKT protein expressions.Erlotinib also inhibited EGF-induced an increase of proliferative and migrative ability in ARPE-19 cells and clearly suppressed EGF-induced EGFR/AKT proteins phosphorylation and decreased expression of N-cadherin,α-SMA,and vimentin proteins.Similarly,EGFR inhibition by EGFR siRNA significantly affected EGF-induced an increase of cell proliferation,viability,and migration,phosphorylation of EGFR/AKT proteins,and up-regulation of N-cadherin,α-SMA,and vimentin proteins.CONCLUSION:Erlotinib and EGFR-knockdown suppress EGF-induced cell viability,proliferation,and migration via EGFR/AKT pathway in RPE cells.EGFR inhibition may be a possible therapeutic approach for proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR).

Single-cell analysis of tumor microenvironment and cell adhesion reveals that interleukin-1 beta promotes cancer cell proliferation in breast cancer

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC), which is so called because of the lack of estrogen receptors(ER), progesterone receptors(PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2) receptors on the cancer cells, accounts for 10%–15% of all breast cancers. The heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment is high.However, the role of plasma cells controlling the tumor migration progression in TNBC is still not fully understood.Methods: We analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing data from five HER2 positive, 12ER positive/PR positive, and nine TNBC samples. The potential targets were validated by immunohistochemistry.Results: Plasma cells were enriched in TNBC samples, which was consistent with validation using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Cell communication analysis revealed that plasma cells interact with T cells through the intercellular adhesion molecule 2–integrin–aLb2 complex, and then release interleukin 1 beta(IL1B), as verified by immunohistochemistry, ultimately promoting tumor growth.Conclusion: Our results revealed the role of plasma cells in TNBC and identified IL1B as a new prognostic marker for TNBC.

B-cell-specific signatures reveal novel immunophenotyping and therapeutic targets for hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND Immunotherapy presents both promises and challenges in treating hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)due to its complex immunological microenvironment.The role of B cells,a key part of the immune system,remains uncertain in HCC.AIM To identify B-cell-specific signatures and reveal novel immunophenotyping and therapeutic targets for HCC.METHODS Using the Tumor Immune Single-cell Hub 2 database,we identified B-cell-related genes(BRGs)in HCC.Gene enrichment analysis was performed to explore the possible collaboration between B cells and T cells in HCC.We conducted univariate Cox regression analysis using The Cancer Genome Atlas liver HCC collection dataset to find BRGs linked to HCC prognosis.Subsequently,least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was utilized to develop a prognostic model with 11 BRGs.The model was validated using the International Cancer Genome Consortium dataset and GSE76427.RESULTS The risk score derived from the prognostic model emerged as an independent prognostic factor for HCC.Analysis of the immune microenvironment and cell infiltration revealed the immune status of various risk groups,supporting the cooperation of B and T cells in suppressing HCC.The BRGs model identified new molecular subtypes of HCC,each with distinct immune characteristics.Drug sensitivity analysis identified targeted drugs effective for each HCC subtype,enabling precision therapy and guiding clinical decisions.CONCLUSION We clarified the role of B cells in HCC and propose that the BRGs model offers promising targets for personalized immunotherapy.

Decreased LDHB expression in breast tumor cells causes NK cell activation and promotes tumor progression

Objective: Abnormal metabolism is the underlying reason for breast cancer progression. Decreased lactate dehydrogenase B(LDHB) has been detected in breast cancer but the function of LDHB remains unknown.Methods: Western blot was used to analyze LDHB expression in breast cancer cells. The impact of LDHB on tumor cell migration and invasion was determined using Transwell assays, wound healing assays, and a mouse lung metastasis model. Subcutaneous tumor formation, a natural killer(NK) cell cytotoxicity assay, and flow cytometry evaluated NK cell activation. Immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time PCR detected NK cell activation markers. Kaplan-Meier analysis evaluated the effect of immune cell infiltration on prognosis. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis determined NK cell activation scores. A support vector machine predicted the role of LDHB in NK cell activation.Results: In this study we showed that LDHB inhibits the breast cancer cell metastasis and orchestrates metabolic reprogramming within tumor cells. Our results revealed that LDHB-mediated lactic acid clearance in breast cancer cells triggers NK cell activation within the tumor microenvironment. Our findings, which were confirmed in a murine model, demonstrated that LDHB in tumor cells promotes NK cell activation and ultimately results in the eradication of malignant cells. Clinically, our study further validated that LDHB affects immune cell infiltration and function. Specifically, its expression has been linked to enhanced NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity and improved patient survival. Furthermore, we identified LDHB expression in tumors as an important predictor of NK cell activation, with strong predictive ability in some cancers.Conclusions: Our results suggest that LDHB is a promising target for activating the tumor immune microenvironment in breast cancer, where LDHB-associated lactic acid clearance leads to increased NK cell activity. This study highlights the critical role of LDHB in regulating immune responses and its potential as a therapeutic target for breast cancer.

Pectolinarin inhibited LPS-stimulated inflammation in microglial BV_(2) cells via NF-κB signaling pathway

Background:Neuro-inflammation is regarded as one of the critical pathogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases,which is characterized by the activated microglial cells.Pectolinarin(Pec),a natural flavonoid that exists in many Chinese herbal medicines,has been reported to have various biological activities.However,the effects and mechanisms on neuro-inflammation are not clear.Methods:In this study,the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of Pec on neuro-inflammation were investigated in the LPS-stimulated microglial BV_(2) cells.BV_(2) microglial cells were treated with Pec or vehicle,followed by LPS.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,real-time quantitative PCR,nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species assay,and western blot were performed to examine the effects of Pec on neuro-inflammatory responses.Results:We showed that Pec significantly inhibited the expression of tumor necrosis factorαand interleukin 6 in mRNA and protein levels induced by LPS.Moreover,the production of nitric oxide,iNOS,reactive oxygen species,and COX-2 were suppressed by Pec in LPS-stimulated microglial BV_(2) cells.In addition,Pec inhibited LPS-induced inflammation via nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway,as evidenced by the reduction of the phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase,the degradation of IκBα,and the nuclear translocation of p65.Conclusion:Taken together,Pec exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated microglial BV_(2) cells via nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway,which might provide therapeutic potential for neuro-inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.

Differentiation and immunosuppressive function of CD19^(+)CD24^(hi)CD27^(+) regulatory B cells are regulated through the miR-29a-3p/NFAT5 pathway

Background: Regulatory B cells(Bregs) is an indispensable element in inducing immune tolerance after liver transplantation. As one of the microRNAs(miRNAs), mi R-29a-3p also inhibits translation by degrading the target mRNA, and yet the relationship between Bregs and mi R-29a-3p has not yet been fully explored. This study aimed to investigate the impact of miR-29a-3p on the regulation of differentiation and immunosuppressive functions of memory Bregs(m Bregs) and ultimately provide potentially effective therapies in inducing immune tolerance after liver transplantation. Methods: Flow cytometry was employed to determine the levels of Bregs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. TaqMan low-density array miRNA assays were used to identify the expression of different miRNAs, electroporation transfection was used to induce mi R-29a-3p overexpression and knockdown, and dual luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the target gene of miR-29a-3p. Results: In patients experiencing acute rejection after liver transplantation, the proportions and immunosuppressive function of m Bregs in the circulating blood were significantly impaired. mi R-29a-3p was found to be a regulator of m Bregs differentiation. Inhibition of miR-29a-3p, which targeted nuclear factor of activated T cells 5(NFAT5), resulted in a conspicuous boost in the differentiation and immunosuppressive function of m Bregs. The inhibition of mi R-29a-3p in CD19~+ B cells was capable of raising the expression levels of NFAT5, thereby promoting B cells to differentiate into m Bregs. In addition, the observed enhancement of differentiation and immunosuppressive function of m Bregs upon mi R-29a-3p inhibition was abolished by the knockdown of NFAT5 in B cells. Conclusions: mi R-29a-3p was found to be a crucial regulator for m Bregs differentiation and immunosuppressive function. Silencing mi R-29a-3p could be a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for inducing immune tolerance after liver transplantation.

Krill oil ameliorates benign prostatic hyperplasia by regulating G1-phase cell cycle arrest and altering signaling pathways and benign prostatic hyperplasia-associated markers

Krill oil(KO)exhibits various biological activities,such as anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects.However,the inhibitory effects of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)in vitro and in vivo have not yet been studied.This study investigated the anti-BPH effects of KO extracted by an enzymatic hydrolysis method.KO treatment inhibited the proliferation of WMPY-1 and BPH-1 cells by induction of G0/G1 phase arrest through the modulation of positive and negative regulators in both prostate cell types.KO treatment stimulated phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)and p38 signaling.In addition,KO changed the expression of BPH-related markers(5α-reductase,androgen receptor,FGF,Bcl-2,and Bax)and the activity of the proliferation-mediated NF-κB binding motif.KO-induced levels of proliferation-mediated molecules of prostate cells were attenuated in the presence of siRNA-specific p-38(si-p38)and JNK(si-JNK).Furthermore,the administration of KO alleviated prostate size and weight and the cell layer thickness of prostate glands in a testosterone enanthate-induced BPH rat model.KO treatment altered the level of dihydrotestosterone in serum and the expression levels of BPH-related markers in prostate tissues.Finally,KO-mediated inhibition of prostatic growth was validated by histological analysis.These results suggest that KO has an inhibitory effect on BPH in prostate cells in vitro and in vivo.Thus,KO might be a potential prophylactic or therapeutic agent for patients with BPH.

Action of circulating and infiltrating B cells in the immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer by single-cell sequencing analysis

BACKGROUND The complexity of the immune microenvironment has an impact on the treatment of colorectal cancer(CRC),one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide.In this study,multi-omics and single-cell sequencing techniques were used to investigate the mechanism of action of circulating and infiltrating B cells in CRC.By revealing the heterogeneity and functional differences of B cells in cancer immunity,we aim to deepen our understanding of immune regulation and provide a scientific basis for the development of more effective cancer treatment strategies.AIM To explore the role of circulating and infiltrating B cell subsets in the immune microenvironment of CRC,explore the potential driving mechanism of B cell development,analyze the interaction between B cells and other immune cells in the immune microenvironment and the functions of communication molecules,and search for possible regulatory pathways to promote the anti-tumor effects of B cells.METHODS A total of 69 paracancer(normal),tumor and peripheral blood samples were collected from 23 patients with CRC from The Cancer Genome Atlas database(https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/).After the immune cells were sorted by multicolor flow cytometry,the single cell transcriptome and B cell receptor group library were sequenced using the 10X Genomics platform,and the data were analyzed using bioinformatics tools such as Seurat.The differences in the number and function of B cell infiltration between tumor and normal tissue,the interaction between B cell subsets and T cells and myeloid cell subsets,and the transcription factor regulatory network of B cell subsets were explored and analyzed.RESULTS Compared with normal tissue,the infiltrating number of CD20+B cell subsets in tumor tissue increased significantly.Among them,germinal center B cells(GCB)played the most prominent role,with positive clone expansion and heavy chain mutation level increasing,and the trend of differentiation into memory B cells increased.However,the number of plasma cells in the tumor microenvironment decreased significantly,and the plasma cells secreting IgA antibodies decreased most obviously.In addition,compared with the immune microenvironment of normal tissues,GCB cells in tumor tissues became more closely connected with other immune cells such as T cells,and communication molecules that positively regulate immune function were significantly enriched.CONCLUSION The role of GCB in CRC tumor microenvironment is greatly enhanced,and its affinity to tumor antigen is enhanced by its significantly increased heavy chain mutation level.Meanwhile,GCB has enhanced its association with immune cells in the microenvironment,which plays a positive anti-tumor effect.

Silencing of Jumonji domain-containing 1C inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via nuclear factor-κB signaling

BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disorder induced by an imbalance between osteoclastic activity and osteogenic activity.During osteoporosis,bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)exhibit an increased ability to differentiate into adipocytes and a decreased ability to differentiate into osteoblasts,resulting in bone loss.Jumonji domain-containing 1C(JMJD1C)has been demonstrated to suppress osteoclastogenesis.AIM To examine the effect of JMJD1C on the osteogenesis of BMSCs and the potential underlying mechanism.METHODS BMSCs were isolated from mouse bone marrow tissues.Oil Red O staining,Alizarin red staining,alkaline phosphatase staining and the expression of adipo-genic and osteogenic-associated genes were assessed to determine the differen-tiation of BMSCs.Bone marrow-derived macrophages(BMMs)were incubated with receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaΒligand to induce osteoclast differentiation,and osteoclast differen-tiation was confirmed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining.Other related genes were measured via reverse transcription coupled to the quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure the levels of inflammatory cytokines,including tumor necrosis factor alpha,interleukin-6 and interleukin-1 beta.RESULTS The osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs isolated from mouse bone marrow samples was evaluated.JMJD1C mRNA and protein expression was upregulated in BMSCs after osteoblast induction,while p-nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)and inflammatory cytokines were not significantly altered.Knockdown of JMJD1C repressed osteogenic differentiation and enhanced NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine release in BMSCs.Moreover,JMJD1C expression decreased during BMM osteoclast differentiation.CONCLUSION The JMJD1C/NF-κB signaling pathway is potentially involved in BMSC osteogenic differentiation and may play vital roles in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.

Prognostic role of the stromal cell derived factor-1 in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure

BACKGROUND Stromal cell derived factor-1(SDF-1)plays a pivotal role in the recruitment of stem cells to injured livers.However,the changes of SDF-l in patients with hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)have yet to be elucidated.AIM To study the SDF-1 changes in patients with HBV-related ACLF.METHODS 30 patients with HBV-related ACLF,27 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 20 healthy individuals are involved in our study.The SDF-l mRNA expression in liver tissue was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Immunohistochemical staining was performed to illustrate the expression of SDFl,CXC receptor 4(CXCR4)and Ki67.The serum SDF-l concentrations were also detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.RESULTS The expression of SDF-1 mRNA from ACLF patients was remarkably higher than that from other patients(both P<0.05).The expression of SDF-l,CXCR4 and Ki67 from ACLF were the highest among the three groups(all P<0.01).The serum SDF-l levels in ACLF patients were significantly lower than that in other patients(both P<0.01).Moreover,in ACLF patients,the serum SDF-1 Levels were positively correlated with serum total bilirubin and international normalized ratio.In addition,the serum SDF-l levels in survival were significantly lower compared with the non-survivals(P<0.05).The area under the curve for the serum SDF-1 level in predicting 28-d mortality was 0.722(P<0.05).CONCLUSION This study provides the SDF-1 changes in patients with HBV-related ACLF.The SDF-1 Level at admission may serve as a promising prognostic marker for predicting short-term prognosis.

Gamma-glutamyl transferase 5 overexpression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells improves brain pathology,cognition,and behavior in APP/PS1 mice

In patients with Alzheimer’s disease,gamma-glutamyl transferase 5(GGT5)expression has been observed to be downregulated in cerebrovascular endothelial cells.However,the functional role of GGT5 in the development of Alzheimer’s disease remains unclear.This study aimed to explore the effect of GGT5 on cognitive function and brain pathology in an APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease,as well as the underlying mechanism.We observed a significant reduction in GGT5 expression in two in vitro models of Alzheimer’s disease(Aβ_(1-42)-treated hCMEC/D3 and bEnd.3 cells),as well as in the APP/PS1 mouse model.Additionally,injection of APP/PS1 mice with an adeno-associated virus encoding GGT5 enhanced hippocampal synaptic plasticity and mitigated cognitive deficits.Interestingly,increasing GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells reduced levels of both soluble and insoluble amyloid-βin the brains of APP/PS1 mice.This effect may be attributable to inhibition of the expression ofβ-site APP cleaving enzyme 1,which is mediated by nuclear factor-kappa B.Our findings demonstrate that GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells is inversely associated with Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis,and that GGT5 upregulation mitigates cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice.These findings suggest that GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells is a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease.

Mechanism of stilbene glycosides on apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells via regulating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway

Objective:To investigate the effects of stilbene glycoside(TSG)on okadaic acid-induced apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cells(SH-SY5Y)via the PI3K/AKT pathway.Methods:The optimal concentration of OA was screened by CCK-8 assay,and SH-SY5Y cells were divided into control group,model group,TSG group,LY294002 group and LY294002+TSG group.The proliferation and apoptosis in each group were detected by CCK-8 and TUNEL assays;Western blotting method and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of PI3K,P-PI3K(Y607),AKT,P-AKT(Ser473),Bcl-2 and Bax proteins.The relative protein expression was represented by P-PI3K(Y607)/PI3K,P-AKT(Ser473)/AKT and Bcl-2/Bax gray ratio.Results:CCK-8 screened the optimal concentration of OA as 40 nmol/L.Compared with the control group,the model group increased relative cell viability,decreased apoptosis rate,the pathway and apoptotic proteins expression levels of P-PI3K(Y607)/PI3K,P-AKT(Ser473)/AKT and Bcl-2/Bax were decreased,and the mRNA expression levels of PI3K,AKT and Bcl-2 were decreased.Bax mRNA expression level increased(P<0.05);Compared with model group,TSG group increased relative cell viability,decreased apoptosis rate,increased protein expression levels of P-PI3K(Y607)/PI3K,P-AKT(Ser473)/AKT,Bcl-2/Bax,and increased mRNA expression levels of PI3K,AKT,and Bcl-2.Bax mRNA expression decreased(P<0.05),LY294002 group decreased relative cell viability,increased apoptosis rate,P-PI3K(Y607)/PI3K protein expression levels were significantly decreased(P<0.05),P-AKT(Ser473)/AKT and Bcl-2/Bax protein expression levels were significantly decreased,but there was no statistical significance,PI3K,AKT and Bcl-2 mRNA expression levels were decreased,and Bax mRNA expression levels were increased(all P<0.05);Compared with LY294002 group,LY294002+TSG group increased relative cell viability,decreased apoptosis rate,and the protein expression levels of P-PI3K(Y607)/PI3K,P-AKT(Ser473)/AKT and Bcl-2/Bax were increased.The mRNA expression levels of PI3K,AKT,Bcl-2 were increased,Bax was decreased(all P<0.05).Conclusion:Stilbene glycoside may alleviate okadaic acid-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells by interfering with the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,which in turn regulates the expression of apoptotic factors such as Bcl-2 and Bax.

CD19 CAR-T细胞治疗难治/复发急性B淋巴细胞白血病儿童及青少年患者的疗效及安全性

目的探讨CD19嵌合抗原受体T细胞(CAR-T)治疗对于儿童及青少年难治/复发急性B淋巴细胞白血病(B-ALL)的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析2017年6月至2021年3月接受CD19 CAR-T治疗的<25岁难治/复发B-ALL患者的临床资料,评估该疗法的疗效及安全性。结果共纳入64例难治/复发B-ALL患者,男35例、女29例,中位年龄8.5(1.0~17.0)岁。CD 19 CAR-T回输后1个月进行短期疗效评估,64例患者均获得完全缓解(CR)/完全缓解兼部分血细胞计数缓解(CRi),其中有62例患者达骨髓微小残留病灶(MRD)阴性。细胞因子释放综合征(CRS)及免疫效应细胞相关神经毒性综合征(ICANS)发生率分别为78.1%及23.4%。共22例患者复发,中位复发时间10.1个月,4年总生存(OS)率为(66.0±6.0)%,4年无白血病生存(LFS)率为(63.0±6.0)%。长期随访结果显示桥接异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)患者的LFS和OS率均优于未桥接移植患者(4年LFS率:81.8%±6.2%对24.0%±9.8%,4年OS率:81.4%±5.9%对44.4%±11.2%;均P<0.01)。结论CD 19 CAR-T可有效治疗难治/复发B-ALL,输注后桥接allo-HSCT能进一步改善患者的长期生存情况。

环状RNA hsa_circ_0085576调控微小RNA-498/B细胞特异性莫洛尼鼠白血病病毒整合位点1轴对口腔鳞状细胞癌细胞迁移和侵袭的影响

目的探究环状RNA hsa_circ_0085576对口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)细胞迁移和侵袭的影响及其分子机制。方法使用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)和蛋白印迹法检测OSCC细胞中hsa_circ_0085576、微小RNA-498(miR-498)以及B细胞特异性莫洛尼鼠白血病病毒整合位点1(BMI-1)的表达水平。使用CCK-8、划痕实验、Transwell实验以及qRT-PCR、蛋白印迹法分别检测SCC-15细胞增殖活力、迁移及侵袭能力以及相关基因和蛋白的相对表达量。结果OSCC细胞中hsa_circ_0085576与BMI-1表达上调,miR-498表达下调(P<0.05)。下调hsa_circ_0085576表达或过表达miR-498后SCC-15细胞的增殖活性、划痕愈合率、侵袭细胞数目以及细胞周期蛋白D1、波形蛋白表达水平下调,miR-498和E-钙黏蛋白表达水平上调(P<0.05);抑制miR-498表达可减弱下调hsa_circ_0085576表达对OSCC细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭的抑制作用;上调BMI-1表达可减弱过表达miR-498对OSCC细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭的抑制作用。结论下调hsa_circ_0085576表达可通过激活miR-498/BMI-1轴抑制OSCC细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭。

下调HMGB2表达对肝癌LM3细胞上皮-间质转化的抑制作用及其AKT/mTOR信号通路机制

目的:探讨下调肝癌细胞中高迁移率族框蛋白2 (HMGB2)表达对肝癌细胞生物学行为及上皮-间质转化(EMT)进程的影响,并阐明其作用机制。方法:对数生长期的人肝癌LM3细胞分为阴性对照组和HMGB2 RNA干扰组(HMGB2 siRNA组),分别以Lipofectamin 2000为载体转染无关序列的RNA寡核苷酸(RNA oligo)和敲除HMGB2序列的RNA oligo。采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)法和Western blotting法检测2组细胞中HMGB2 mRNA和蛋白表达水平,分别采用细胞划痕实验和Transwell小室实验检测2组细胞的迁移和侵袭能力,采用Western blotting法检测2组细胞中E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、 N-钙黏蛋白(N-cadherin)、波形蛋白(Vimentin)和蛋白激酶B(AKT)/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)通路相关蛋白表达水平。结果:与阴性对照组比较,HMGB2 siRNA组细胞中HMGB2 mRNA和蛋白表达水平均明显降低(P<0.05),HMGB2 siRNA组细胞划痕愈合率明显降低(P<0.01),侵袭细胞数明显减少(P<0.01),细胞中E-cadherin蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.01),N-cadherin、Vimentin、mTOR、AKT和磷酸化AKT (p-AKT)蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:下调HMGB2的表达可降低肝癌LM3细胞迁移和侵袭能力并抑制EMT,其作用机制可能与参与调节AKT/mTOR通路相关蛋白表达有关。

系统性红斑狼疮患者应用靶向B细胞治疗后发生中枢神经系统病变文献病例分析

目的探讨系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者经靶向B淋巴细胞生物制剂治疗后发生中枢神经系统不良反应的临床特征。方法检索国内外相关数据库(截至2023年5月),收集系统性红斑狼疮患者经贝利尤单抗、利妥昔单抗治疗后发生中枢神经系统病变的病例报告类文献,提取患者的基本信息、贝利尤单抗或利妥昔单抗用药情况(用法用量、单用或联用、联用方案等)、中枢神经系统病变发生时间、临床表现、影像学特征、临床治疗及转归等,并进行描述统计分析。结果检索到进行性多灶性脑白质病(PML)患者14例,发病年龄(50.71±11.45)岁;可逆性后部脑病综合征(PRES)患者24例,发病年龄(30.67±14.93)岁。纳入有详细病例报道的患者共7例,7例患者均未合并HIV感染、恶性肿瘤及其他自身免疫性疾病。7例患者均经磁共振检查确诊,均未行脑组织活检。临床表现:癫痫5例,视物模糊或视力丧失3例,构音障碍或失语2例,头痛2例,昏迷1例,血压升高4例。最终7例患者中1例死亡。结论应用靶向B细胞治疗后,SLE患者中枢神经系统副作用多发生在疾病活动期且合并使用其他免疫抑制剂时。患者的临床表现容易与神经精神狼疮混淆,导致病情延误,提示在使用靶向B细胞生物制剂治疗时,应评估SLE患者发生中枢神经系统副作用的潜在风险。

慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBsAg与单个核细胞乙型肝炎病毒RNA水平对聚乙二醇干扰素治疗效果的预测价值

目的探讨慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血清HBsAg、乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)DNA与血清HBV RNA及单个核细胞(PBMC)HBV RNA的关系。方法50例慢性乙型肝炎患者,给予Peg-IFNα-2b 180μg皮下注射,每周一次,分别在初始治疗、24周和48周,检测患者血清HBV五项、肝功能、HBV DNA、HBV RNA及PBMC中HBV RNA的变化。结果患者三个时间段的生化指标ALT、AST、TBIL、AKP及GGT比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);免疫学标志物HBsAg、HBsAb、HBeAg、HBeAb差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血清HBV DNA及HBV RNA与PBMC HBV RNA差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论Peg-IFNα-2b抗病毒治疗各时间段,肝功能转氨酶无显著变化;治疗24周,血HBsAg、HBV DNA与HBV RNA及PBMC HBV RNA快速下降,有显著相关性;治疗48周,血清HBsAg、HBV DNA与HBV RNA及PBMC HBV RNA相关性减弱。因此,24周HBV RNA下降幅度优于48周,更能预测临床治愈。

CD36蛋白B细胞抗原表位的生信预测及其多抗原肽的制备

目的分析CD36蛋白的结构,寻找可能的B细胞抗原表位,制备含有B细胞表位的多抗原肽(multiple antigenic peptide,MAP),为基于B细胞表位的MAP用于CD36抗体的制备提供前期实验基础。方法通过生物信息学方法分析CD36蛋白的理化性质、二级结构、潜在磷酸化及糖基化位点等,预测可能的B细胞表位。以多聚赖氨酸为核心基质,采用Fmoc方法合成含有CD36 B细胞表位的八分枝MAP,并利用反向高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)分析MAP的纯度、质谱分析法测定MAP的分子量,对合成的CD36-MAP进行鉴定。结果CD36是1种稳定的、亲水性的碱性蛋白,二级结构以无规则卷曲为主,具有多个磷酸化、糖基化位点,抗原性较强。综合分析获得可能的优势B细胞表位4个,制备了4个含有优势B细胞表位的MAP,RP-HPLC分析表明合成的MAP的纯度均在85%以上,其中3个MAP的分子量与理论预期值相符。结论CD36具有较强的抗原性,利用预测得到的4个可能的B细胞表位合成MAP,为CD36抗体的制备和相关研究提供实验基础。

PCNA、Bcl-2及EGFR在喉癌组织中的表达及与临床病理特征、生存的关系

目的探讨增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)及表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)在喉癌组织中的表达及与临床病理特征、生存的关系。方法选取2017年3月—2020年1月在苏州大学附属第一医院因喉癌行手术治疗的92例患者的喉癌组织及对应癌旁组织标本。检测癌组织与癌旁组织PCNA mRNA、Bcl-2mRNA、EGFR mRNA相对表达量,多元线性回归分析其癌组织表达与临床病理特征的关系。随访3年,采用Kaplain-Maier曲线分析不同PCNA、Bcl-2、EGFR表达水平患者生存情况差异。结果癌组织PCNA mRNA、Bcl-2 mRNA、EGFR mRNA相对表达量高于癌旁组织(P<0.05)。不同年龄、肿瘤部位患者PCNA mRNA、Bcl-2 mRNA、EGFR mRNA相对表达量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);低分化,临床分期Ⅲ、Ⅳ期及淋巴结转移患者PCNA mRNA、Bcl-2 mRNA、EGFR mRNA相对表达量分别高于中、高分化,临床分期Ⅰ、Ⅱ期,无淋巴结转移患者(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,肿瘤分化程度、临床分期、淋巴结转移是喉癌组织PCNA mRNA、Bcl-2 mRNA、EGFR mRNA表达的影响因素。Kaplain-Maier曲线分析结果显示,PCNA mRNA高表达患者3年无进展生存率、总生存率分别为59.57%和70.21%,低于低表达患者的80.00%和88.89%(P<0.05);Bcl-2 mRNA高表达患者3年无进展生存率、总生存率分别为60.78%和70.59%,低于低表达患者的80.49%和90.24%(P<0.05);EGFR mRNA高表达患者3年无进展生存率、总生存率分别为59.09%和70.45%,低于低表达患者的79.17%、87.50%(P<0.05)。结论喉癌组织PCNA、Bcl-2、EGFR呈高表达,且其高表达状态与肿瘤分期高、分化程度低、淋巴结转移有关,PCNA、Bcl-2、EGFR表达水平可在一定程度上反映患者预后。

以皮肤肿块为首发临床表现的伴MYC和BCL2重排弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤

报告1例以皮肤肿块为首发临床表现的伴细胞性骨髓细胞瘤病病毒癌(MYC)基因和B细胞淋巴瘤因子2(BCL2)基因重排弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤。患者女,87岁。左侧眉弓上方皮肤结节1年。皮肤科检查:左眉上方一肤色圆形肿物,隆起于皮肤表面,肿物表面可见浸润性红斑,伴少许渗出,并见结痂、鳞屑,边界清楚。皮损组织病理检查:表皮形态正常,真皮层内大量母细胞样淋巴细胞结节状浸润。免疫组化:母细胞样淋巴细胞CD45、CD79a、B细胞淋巴瘤因子6(BCL6)、细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclin D1)及MYC均(+);CD3、CD2、CD30、细胞角蛋白(CKP)、间变性淋巴瘤激酶(ALK)及Epstein-Barr病毒编码RNA(EBER)均(-)。荧光原位杂交检测:MYC、BCL2及BCL6均重排。诊断:伴MYC和BCL2重排弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤。患者未治疗,2个月后死亡。