How completely are randomized controlled trials of non-pharmacological interventions following concussion reported? A systematic review

Purpose:The study aimed to examine the reporting completeness of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of non-pharmacological interventions following concussion.Methods:We searched MEDLINE,Embase,PsycInfo,CINAHL,and Web of Science up to May 2022.Two reviewers independently screened studies and assessed reporting completeness using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication(TIDieR),Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template(CERT),and international Consensus on Therapeutic Exercise aNd Training(i-CONTENT)checklists.Additional information was sought my study authors where reporting was incomplete.Risk of bias(ROB)was assessed with the Cochrane ROB-2 Tool.RCTs examining non-pharmacological interventions following concussion.Results:We included 89 RCTs(n=53 high ROB)examining 11 different interventions for concussion:sub-symptom threshold aerobic exercise,cervicovestibular therapy,physical/cognitive rest,vision therapy,education,psychotherapy,hyperbaric oxygen therapy,transcranial magnetic stimulation,blue light therapy,osteopathic manipulation,and head/neck cooling.Median scores were:TIDieR 9/12(75%;interquartile range(IQR)=5;range:5-12),CERT 17/19(89%;IQR=2;range:10-19),and i-CONTENT 6/7(86%;IQR=1;range:5-7).Percentage of studies completely reporting all items was TIDieR 35%(31/89),CERT 24%(5/21),and i-CONTENT 10%(2/21).Studies were more completely reported after publication of TIDieR(t_(87)=2.08;p=0.04)and CERT(t_(19)=2.72;p=0.01).Reporting completeness was not strongly associated with journal impact factor(TIDieR:rs=0.27;p=0.01;CERT:r_(s)=-0.44;p=0.06;i-CONTENT:r_(s)=-0.17;p=0.48)or ROB(TIDieR:rs=0.11;p=0.31;CERT:rs=0.04;p=0.86;i-CONTENT:rs=0.12;p=0.60).Conclusion:RCTs of non-pharmacological interventions following concussion demonstrate moderate to good reporting completeness,but are often missing key components,particularly modifications,motivational strategies,and qualified supervisor.Reporting completeness improved after TIDieR and CERT publication,but publication in highly cited journals and low ROB do not guarantee reporting completeness.

Efficacy of a Nutritional Cream Intervention to Treat Depression in Rescuers:A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective To explore the effectiveness of a nutritional intervention in rescuers who screened positive for depression.Methods A randomized controlled trial design was employed.From June to August,2022,4,460 rescuers were screened using the Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS),and 1,615 positive cases were identified.Thirty-one volunteers were recruited and randomly divided into a nutritional intervention group and a control group.The intervention group received health education and nutritional intervention(a compound paste therapy primarily composed of red roses and Seville orange flowers),while the control group received psychological education.SDS scores were assessed before and after the intervention.Results There was a statistically significant decline in SDS scores in the nutritional intervention group after the intervention(P<0.05).Furthermore,the SDS scores of the intervention group were significantly lower than those of the control group,both before and after the intervention(P<0.05).No severe adverse reactions were observed during safety evaluation.Conclusion The nutritional intervention effectively reduced the depression scores in rescuers.Early nutritional intervention is recommended for rescuers who initially screen positive for depression.

Effects of positive psychological control intervention on sleep and psychology of officers and soldiers working at sea

BACKGROUND The working environment of submarine crews is also very special.They are in a closed,high-temperature,high-noise,high-vibration and narrow working and living space for a long time,and they suffer from physical discomfort caused by seasickness,which will affect the mental health of officers and soldiers.American psychologists have achieved positive results in psychological resilience training for officers and soldiers from the perspective of positive psychology.At present,there are few reports on the correlation between psychological resilience in the field of domestic research on submarine crew psychology,and it is necessary to conduct further research.METHODS A total of 121 soldiers working in a confined space of a large ship were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group.The 50 soldiers in the experimental group were given a training course intervention,while the 71 soldiers in the control group did not receive any intervention measures.The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,Psychological Resilience Scale,military Psycho-logical Stress Self-Assessment Questionnaire,and General Self-Efficacy Scale scores were compared before and 6 months after the intervention.RESULTS Under the positive psychological control intervention,except for sleep efficiency(P=0.05),the difference between the remaining dimensions of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores and the total scores of the experimental group compared with the control group was statistically significant(P<0.05);the assessment of the psychological condition showed that,in addition to the Psychological Stress Self-assessment Questionnaire for Military Personnel scores(P=0.05),the scores of the Mental Toughness Scale(Dispositional Resilience Scale Resilience II)in the experimental group,General Self-Efficacy Scale scores were statistically significant(P<0.05)compared to pre-intervention.CONCLUSION Positive psychological intervention and control can improve the sleep state and psychological state of officers and soldiers working in confined space at sea.

Transmission Dynamics and Optimal Control Strategies of a Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease Model with Treatment and Vaccination Interventions

In this article, the transmission dynamics of a Hand-Foot-Mouth disease model with treatment and vaccination interventions are studied. We calculated the basic reproduction number and proved the global stability of disease-free equilibrium when R0 R0 > 1. Meanwhile, we obtained the optimal control strategies minimizing the cost of intervention and minimizing the infected person. We also give some numerical simulations to verify our theoretical results.

Application of Quality Control Circle Activity in Improving Effectiveness of Drug Intervention in Lung Cancer Patients with Moderate to Severe Pain

Objective:Lung cancer has the highest incidence and mortality of all malignant tumors in China.Cancer pain dramatically affects patients’comfort level,causing insomnia,anorexia,anxiety,fear,depression,and a decline in the quality of life(QOL).The literature suggests a shortage of adequate cancer pain management for 59.1% of patients in China.The quality control circle(QCC)activity reflects the people-oriented core idea of management.This study aimed to assess the efficacy of QCC in enhancing the effectiveness of drug interventions in lung cancer patients with moderate to severe pain.Methods:From January 2019 to July 2019,lung cancer patients with moderate to severe pain were treated with drugs.The total number of drug interventions was 3072.A QCC activity was performed following the ten steps of the plan-do-check-act(PDCA)model.The reasons for the poor effectiveness of drug intervention in lung cancer patients with moderate to severe pain were analyzed.Countermeasures were designed to improve the effectiveness of drug intervention,including setting up a pain college,writing a medication education manual,and formulating operational rules for the administration of narcotic drugs.The effectiveness of drug intervention in lung cancer patients with moderate to severe pain and activity ability scores of QCC members were analyzed statistically before and after QCC activity.The effectiveness of drug intervention was investigated and compared before and after establishing the QCC.Results:After establishing the PDCA model,the effectiveness of drug intervention for moderate to severe pain in lung cancer patients increased from 56.28% to 85.29%.Members had significant improvement in problem-solving ability,responsibility,communication,coordination,self-confidence,team cohesion,enthusiasm,QCC skills,and harmony.Conclusion:QCC activity can significantly improve the efficiency of drug intervention in lung cancer patients with moderate to severe pain and their quality of life.

Recruitment of older adults into randomized controlled trials:Issues and lessons learned from two community-based exercise interventions in Shanghai

Background: With the increasing need for high-quality exercise interventions in China, relatively little is known about issues and challenges related to recruitment of older Chinese adults into exercise-based disease prevention interventions. This study aims to describe the recruitment process and outcomes of 2 exercise interventions conducted in Shanghai, China.Methods: Recruitment information was ascertained from 2 community-based randomized controlled trials for 2 exercise interventions, the first designed to improve health outcomes for older women with knee osteoarthritis and the second to study changes in cognitive function in adults with mild cognitive impairment. Results were summarized in terms of recruitment sources, number screened, screening-to-enrollment ratios, and costs.Results: Recruitment was primarily achieved through working with local residential divisions(i.e., neighborhood associations and residential committees). Both studies achieved their planned target number of older adults(45 and 46, respectively) within a 1-year time frame, with a screening-to-randomized ratio of 5:1 and demonstrated excellent retention rates(range 87%–93%) at 6 months. The recruitment cost for the 2studies averaged RMB 189(about USD 30) per initial recruit and RMB 738(about USD 119) per participant randomized. Some major issues encountered during the recruitment process included(1) the use of community neighborhoods to support the conduct of the projects,(2) access to participants, and(3) feasibility.Conclusion: Analysis of the 2 randomized controlled trials has provided valuable insights into the recruitment process and identified resources that can help better planning and recruitment for future interventions. Recommendations aimed at increasing the success of future recruitment efforts are provided.

Effectiveness of a workplace-based multicomponent intervention to improve hypertension control among Chinese working population:a cluster-controlled trial

Objective To determine whether a workplace-based multicomponent intervention strategy could improve BP control among Chinese working population.Methods A cluster-controlled trail,with workplaces assigned to either the intervention or control group.60 workplaces across 20 urban regions of China were selected.4,548 hypertensive employees aged 18-60 years were assigned intervention(n=3,470)or control(n=1,078),of whom 4,205(92.5%;intervention,n=3,209;control,n=996)were included in this analysis.

Effect of comprehensive intervention on hypertension control among employees in the Chinese stated-owned enterprise:a cluster controlled trial

Objective To evaluate the effect of a workplace-based comprehensive intervention strategy on the improvement of blood pressure (BP) control.Methods A cluster controlled trail, with workplaces (clusters)assigned to either the intervention or control group. Totally, 30 statedowned enterprises across China were included, among which 20were allocated to the intervention group and 10 to the control group.

Tobacco Control Intervention:A Comparative Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Video Advertisements in China and Australia

Significant differences in tobacco-control initiatives and achievements between Australia and China have been witnessed in the world,despite the fact that thecountries share the Asia-pacific region and have intimate relationships.The smoking rate in Australia has been on a downward trend since the 1980s and therefore Australia has been portrayed as a“dark market”by global tobacco industry companies.However in China,cigarette smoking is the chief killer that causes deadly health risks to both direct users of tobacco and people exposed to second-hand smoke.Non-communicable diseases due to this have caused great burden to the national medical resources.As a vital intervention tool of mass media campaign,public health advertisements on tobacco-control have played an important role in influencing the cognition and behavior of recipients.This study aims to compare the strategies adopted by the advertisements in Australia and China through corpus-driven multimodal discourse analysis to conduct quantitative analysis and qualitative case study.The results of comparative analysis indicate different pathways of tobacco-control advertisements constructions in the two countries that Australian tobacco-control advertisements achieved better in terms of health communication intervention to encourage cessation among smokers and reduce smoking initiation among potential smokers at the population level.To be compared,Chinese tobacco-control advertisements placed a heavier emphasis on the health hazards caused by second-hand smoking to protect people from the attributable morbidity and mortality.From the perspective of content theme,this study argues that Chinese tobacco-control advertisements should shift the focus to the health damage of smoking to smokers which is more targeted and fundamental.From the perspective of multimodal presentations of the video advertisements,a more prominent demonstration of the health damage is recommended.Moreover,this study argues that cultural-oriented strategies should be developed in the tobacco-control advertisements if considering the cigarette sharing and gifting social phenomenon in the Chinese society.

Forestry Interventions and Groundwater Recharge, Sediment Control and Carbon Sequestration in the Krishna River Basin

It is a known fact that human activities have a significant impact on global rivers, making the task of rehabilitating them to their former natural state or a more semi-natural state quite challenging. The ongoing initiative called “Rejuvenation of Krishna River through Forestry Interventions” aims to contribute to the overall river rejuvenation program in the country. In this context, the effects of forestry interventions on the Krishna River will be evaluated based on water quantity, water quality, and the potential for carbon sequestration through plantation efforts. To assess the outcomes of this study, various methodologies such as Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN), Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have been utilized to estimate water savings, reduction in sedimentation, and carbon sequestration potential within the Krishna basin. The projected results indicate that the implementation of forestry plantations and soil and moisture conservation measures in the Krishna River rejuvenation program could lead to significant improvements. Specifically, the interventions are expected to enhance water recharge by 400.49 million cubic meters per year, reduce sedimentation load by 869.22 cubic meters per year, and increase carbon sequestration by 3.91 lakh metric tonnes per year or 14.34 lakh metric tonnes of CO2 equivalent. By incorporating forestry interventions into the Krishna riverscape, it is anticipated that the quality and quantity of water flowing through the river will be positively impacted. These interventions will enhance water infiltration, mitigate soil erosion, and contribute to an improved vegetation cover, thereby conserving biodiversity. Moreover, they offer additional intangible benefits such as addressing climate change concerns through enhanced carbon sequestration potential along the entire stretch of riverine areas.

Effect of Xingnao-Jianshen granules in treating AIS patients:study protocol for a non-randomized controlled intervention trial

Objective:Acute ischemic stroke(AIS)is characterized by high morbidity and high mortality.In recent years,complementary and alternative medicine has gradually been widely accepted and applied.At present,traditional Chinese medicine therapy and standard treatments are used for the treatment of AIS.Xingnao-Jianshen prescriptions(XNJS)is an effective prescription for the clinical treatment of AIS,but there is a lack of large-scale clinical evidence to confirm its clinical efficacy.Therefore,our team designed this protocol to evaluate the initial therapeutic effect of XNJS.Methods:The protocol for a non-randomized controlled trial is designed in which 72 eligible patients will be allocated to one of two groups.The control group(n=36)will receive standard treatment for AIS,the test group(n=36)will receive XNJS and standard treatment.Patients will be recruited after stroke onset and will receive the intervention continuously over 10±1 days,with a follow-up period of 90 days.The primary outcome will be the change in the NIHSS,BI,mRS scores.All outcome measures will be assessed at inception,after the intervention(10±1 days),and at the follow-up(90 days).The results will be disseminated to the public through peerreviewed journals and academic conferences.Discussion:The study will provide evidence of the preliminary effects.

Evaluation of reporting quality of randomized controlled trials for cognitive interventions among Alzheimer’s Disease using the CONSORT

Background:The increasing number of Alzheimer’s Disease has become a global health issue.Whether randomized controlled trials are fully reported has an immediate effect on the translation as well as implementation of research conclusions.However,the overall reporting quality of randomized controlled trials for cognitive interventions among Alzheimer’s Disease is unclear.Methods:Randomized controlled trials of cognitive inter-ventions among Alzheimer’s Dementia were searched from Cnki,Embase,Pubmed,Web of Science,WanFang Data,Cochrane Library,and VIP from their inception to December9th 2019.Firstly,the average CONSORT(Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials)compliance of randomized controlled trials for cognitive interventions among Alzheimer’s Disease was estab-lished.Secondly,the compliance of per CONSORT item was calculated.Furthermore,the possible factors that determine the reporting quality were explored using univariate analysis and binary logistic regression.Results:A total of 55 studies were included.Mean CONSORT compliance of randomized controlled trials was 57.16%and standard deviation was 0.11.Univariate analysis showed that journal impact factor(p<0.001),sample size(p=0.002)as well as number of authors(p<0.001)were statistically significant,but post-2010 publication(p=0.206)as well as reporting of funding(p=0.221)had no significance.However,none of the above factors had statistical significance in binary logistic regression.Conclusions:The overall reporting quality was low,which would not be conducive to the evidence transformation and implementation.Furthermore,the reporting quality was not probably affected by aforementioned factors.

The Limits of the Intervention of Public Power in Individual Health Choices——From the Perspective of the Realization of the Right to Health in the Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases

Noncommunicable chronic diseases have become the most important public health problem in the world today,so the focus of public health services should be shifted from the traditional area of communicable diseases to the prevention and control of chronic diseases.Since bad living habits are the most direct cause of chronic diseases,the most effective measure to prevent and control chronic diseases is to promote healthy lifestyles for the individual citizen.The theories of equal health opportunity,the right to health from the perspective of human rights,and determinants of a healthy society provide justified reasons for the intervention of public power in individual health choices.In the current legal system,the intervention of public power is limited to flexible measures such as health education,which shows respect for individual autonomy.However,it is inconsistent with the needs of current public health practice.We should expand diversified intervention means to encourage individuals to make healthy choices under the guidance of the management model.The“ladder of intervention”outlines a panoramic view of the intervention measures available.However,for the selection of specific measures,it is necessary to consider the public health objectives and the invasion of individual freedom,introduce the“legal reservation principle”and“proportionality principle”as policy analysis tools,and reasonably choose intervention measures at different levels on the ladder to properly handle the tension between public power and private rights.

Effects of a Nurse-Led Educational Intervention for Chinese Adult Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis: A Case-Control Study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an individual nurse-led educational intervention for patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). This was a case-control study. The case group consisted of six individual educational sessions delivered by a nurse. A total of 40 patients with PsA joined in this study: the case group (n = 20) and the control group (n = 18). After a 6-week intervention, the case group had significantly better management for the severity of arthritis symptoms (p < 0.05), better psychological well-being and significant lower levels of anxiety (p < 0.05), and depression score (p < 0.01), and reported better improvement of physical and psychological domain of quality of life (QOL) (both p values < 0.05) than the control group. In conclusion, this nurse-led individual education intervention has statistically significant benefits for the management of clinical symptoms of arthritis and for psychological well-being and QOL in patients with PsA.

Additional manual thrombus aspiration for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction during percutaneous coronary intervention： an updated meta- analysis

Background The clinical efficacy and safety of adjunctive thrombus aspiration （TA） in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） during percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） remain controversial. Methods Twenty five eligible randomized controlled trials were included to compare the use of thrombus aspiration （TA） with PCI and PCI-only for STEMI. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality and death. The secondary endpoints were major adverse cardiac events （MACE）, recurrent infarction （RI）, target vessel revascularization （TVR）, stent thrombosis （ST）, perfusion surrogate markers and stroke. Results TIMI flow grade 3 and MBG 2-3 were significantly increased in the TA plus PCI arm compared with the PCI-only arm [relative risk （RR）： 1.05, 95% confidence intervals （CI）： 1.02-1.09, P = 0.004] and （RR： 1.68, 95% CI： 1.40-2.00, P 〈 0.001）, respectively. There were no significant differences in all-cause mortal- ity, MACEs, TVR and ST rates between the two groups. The RI rate was lower in the TA plus PCI arm than that in the PCI-only arm with short-term follow-up duration （RR： 0.60, 95% CI： 0.38-0.96, P = 0.03）, but there was no significant difference in RI incidence over the me- diumor long-term follow-up periods （RR： 1.00, 95% CI： 0.77-1.29, P = 0.98）, and （RR： 0.96, 95% CI： 0.81-1.15, P = 0.69）, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the rates of crude stroke and stroke over the medium- or long-term follow-up periods and the crude stroke rate in the TA plus PCI （RR： 1.60, 95% CI： 1.08-2.38, P = 0.02） and （RR： 1.43, 95% CI： 1.03-1.98, P = 0.03）, respectively; this was not observed between the two arms during the short-term follow-up period （RR： 1.47, 95% CI： 0.97-2.21, P = 0.07）. Conclusions Routine TA-assisted PCI in STEMI patients can improve myocardial reperfusion and get limited benefits related to the clinical endpoints, which may be associated with stroke risk.

Efficacy and safety of non-pharmacological interventions for irritable bowel syndrome in adults

BACKGROUND Although nonpharmacological interventions(NPI) for irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) have been applied clinically, their relative efficacy and safety are poorly understood.AIM To compare and rank different NPI in the treatment of IBS.METHODS Five electronic databases were searched from their inception to January 12, 2020. Data of included publications were analyzed using network meta-analysis(NMA). Quality of endpoints were assessed by tools of the Cochrane Handbook and the GRADEpro software. Pooled relative risk or standardized mean difference with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were used for statistical analysis. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA) probability value was conducted to rank the examined interventions. Sensitivity analysis was performed to verify the robustness of results and test the source of heterogeneity.RESULTS Forty randomized controlled trials with 4196 participants were included in this NMA. Compared with routine pharmacotherapies and placebo, acupuncture and cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT) had better efficacy in relieving IBS symptoms. Based on the SUCRA values, acupuncture ranked first in improving overall clinical efficacy and avoiding adverse effects. CBT ranked first in lowering the scores of IBS symptom severity scale, self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale.CONCLUSION This study confirmed the efficacy and safety of NPI for improving IBS symptoms, which to some extent recommended several interventions for clinical practice.

Study on the Effects of Infant Fostering Interventions in Xuhui District,Shanghai

Objective To assess the effects of fostering interventions on the infants and their families through the community. Methods A total of 309 infants born on 1st August, 2003 to 30th August, 2004 and their families were recruited as participants by cluster sampling in Longhua and Kantian sub-districts of Xuhui district, Shanghai. The newborns were randomly assigned to intervention group （156 cases） and control group （153 cases）. The infants and their families will be followed up during 3-year interventions. Results After 6 months＇ intervention, the proportion of infants who could turn over the body in the intervention group （88.46%） was higher than that in control group （75.16%）. The morbidity of upper-respiratory tract infection in intervention group （20.51%） was significantly lower than that in control group （32.68%）. The incidence rates of pneumonia, diarrhea and anemia in intervention group were all lower than that in control group, except for pneumonia, the differences were not significant. Both of the knowledge about how to foster infants and service utility in intervention group were higher than that in control group. Conclusion The fostering interventions through the community promote the prevention and control of infants disease, increase the knowledge level and service util ity of families.

Study on Chronic Diseases Comprehensive Intervention in Baoji of Shaanxi Province in China

Background: There is very limited data available about the epidemiology trial on chronic diseases comprehensive intervention. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of comprehensive intervention on chronic diseases in Baoji and provide basis for the improvement of chronic diseases intervention measures. Methods: Using four stages stratified random sampling method, comprehensive intervention measures were implemented on intervention group (575 individuals) respectively aimed at three crowds of whole population, high risk population and chronic diseases patients. The control group (782 individuals) did not receive special treatment. Two groups were evaluated effect after one year observation. Results: The chronic diseases prevalence rate of whole population in intervention group was lower than that in control group (P < 0.05), the blood pressure level and smoking proportion of high risk population in intervention group were lower than in control group (P < 0.05), and the blood pressure, blood glucose control rate of chronic diseases patients in intervention group were higher than in control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Comprehensive intervention could prevent the rise of chronic diseases prevalence. The intervention is effective in reducing or halting risk factors of high risk population, particularly in controlling blood pressure, blood glucose of patients. We should establish government leading, department cooperation, social participation, longtime and classified comprehensive intervention mechanism of chronic diseases. We believe that whole population should control the risk factors, high risk population should early diagnosis and treatment, chronic diseases patients should normalized management, and it could be applied in other counties.

Improved Health-related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes： A Two-year Prospective Family Intervention RCT Study

The aim of this two-year prospective RCT-study was to evaluate children＇s HRQOL after a family intervention providing support with four sessions for six months following diagnosis of type 1 diabetes （T1DM）, with follow-up sessions at 12, 18, and 24 months. Ninety-eight children aged 3-15 years, recently diagnosed with T1DM, participated with their parents. At six and 24 months after diagnosis, the child, mother, and father independently completed the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Scale and PedsQL 3.0 Diabetes Module Scale, and the child＇s glycemic control （HbAlc value） was measured. After six months, children in the intervention group had better generic HRQOL than the control group （P 〈 0.03）. At 24 months, these children and their fathers rated the child＇s diabetes-specific HRQOL as significantly better （P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.04） and the child＇s worry as lower （P 〈 0.02, P 〈 0.03） compared to the control group. Communication skills improved significantly over time in the intervention group （P 〈 0.01）. There were no significant differences between control and intervention group regarding glycemic control, measured as HbA 1 c, either at 6 or 24 months. This study highlights the importance of psychological support after the onset of T1DM, especially facilitating communication skills within the family in the immediate and ongoing care.