Eliminating H_(2)O/HF and regulating interphase with bifunctional tolylene-2,4-diisocyanate(TDI)additive for long life Li-ion battery

Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)featuring a Ni-rich cathode exhibit increased specific capacity,but the establishment of a stable interphase through the implementation of a functional electrolyte strategy remains challenging.Especially when the battery is operated under high temperature,the trace water present in the electrolyte will accelerate the hydrolysis of the electrolyte and the resulting HF will further erode the interphase.In order to enhance the long-term cycling performance of graphite/LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811)LIBs,herein,Tolylene-2,4-diisocyanate(TDI)additive containing lone-pair electrons is employed to formulate a novel bifunctional electrolyte aimed at eliminating H_(2)O/HF generated at elevated temperature.After 1000 cycles at 25℃,the battery incorporating the TDI-containing electrolyte exhibits an impressive capacity retention of 94%at 1 C.In contrast,the battery utilizing the blank electrolyte has a lower capacity retention of only 78%.Furthermore,after undergoing 550 cycles at 1 C under45℃,the inclusion of TDI results in a notable enhancement of capacity,increasing it from 68%to 80%.This indicates TDI has a favorable influence on the cycling performance of LIBs,especially at elevated temperatures.The analysis of the film formation mechanism suggests that the lone pair of electrons of the isocyanate group in TDI play a crucial role in inhibiting the generation of H_(2)O and HF,which leads to the formation of a thin and dense interphase.The existence of this interphase is thought to substantially enhance the cycling performance of the LIBs.This work not only improves the performance of graphite/NCM811 batteries at room temperature and high temperature by eliminating H_(2)O/HF but also presents a novel strategy for advancing functional electrolyte development.

Effect of Lewis acid-base additive on lead-free Cs_(2)SnI_(6) thin film prepared by direct solution coating process

Inorganic Cs_(2)SnI_(6) perovskite has exhibited substantial potential for light harvesting due to its exceptional optoelectronic properties and remarkable stability in ambient conditions.The charge transport characteristics within perovskite films are subject to modulation by various factors,including crystalline orientation,morphology,and crystalline quality.Achieving preferred crystalline orientation and film morphology via a solution-based process is challenging for Cs_(2)SnI_(6) films.In this work,we employed thiourea as an additive to optimize crystal orientation,enhance film morphology,promote crystallization,and achieve phase purity.Thiourea lowers the surface energy of the(222)plane along the(111)direction,confirmed by x-ray diffraction,x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy studies,and density functional theory calculations.Varying thiourea concentration enables a bandgap tuning of Cs_(2)SnI_(6) from 1.52 eV to1.07 eV.This approach provides a novel method for utilizing Cs_(2)SnI_(6) films in high-performance optoelectronic devices.

Microstructure of TA2/TA15 graded structural material by laser additive manufacturing process

TA2/TA15 graded structural material（GSM） was fabricated by the laser additive manufacturing（LAM） process. The chemical composition, microstructure and micro-hardness of the as-deposited GSM were investigated. The results show that the TA2 part of exhibiting near-equiaxed grains was Widmanst？tten α-laths microstructure. The TA15 part containing large columnar grains was fine basket-weave microstructure. The graded zone was divided into four deposited layers with 3000 μm in thickness. As the distance from the TA2 part increases, the alloy element contents and the β phase volume fraction increase, the α phase volume fraction decreases and the microstructure shows the evolution from Widmanst？tten α-laths to basket-weave α-laths gradually. The micro-hardness increases from the TA2 part to the TA15 part due to the solid solution strengthening and grain boundary strengthening.

Effects of Ti-based additives on Mg_2FeH_6 dehydrogenation properties

Mg2FeH6 doped with and without Ti and its alloys (TiMn2, TiAl) were prepared combing ball milling and heat treatment. The effects of these additives on the dehydrogenation performance of Mg2FeH6 were studied systematically. The results show that all additives have favor influence on improving the hydrogen desorption property of Mg2FeH6. Especially, TiMn2 exhibits prominent effect on enhancing the dehydrogenation kinetics of Mg2FeH6. Moreover, the activation energy of TiMn2-doped Mg2FeH6 calculated by Kissinger equation is 94.87 kJ/mol, which is 28 kJ/mol lower than that of the undoped Mg2FeH6. The cycling tests suggest that the improved dehydrogenation kinetics of Mg2FeH6 doped by TiMn2 can maintain in the second cycle.

碳布支撑Sn^(2+)/Sn^(4+)共掺杂的ZnIn_(2)S_(4)柔性光催化剂用于高效降解盐酸四环素

本文采用一步溶剂热法制备了Sn^(2+)/Sn^(4+)共掺杂的ZnIn_(2)S_(4)/碳布柔性光催化剂(CC/ZIS-Sn),二维片状ZIS-Sn均匀地排列在碳布表面。通过降解盐酸四环素(TCH)溶液来评价所制备样品的光催化活性。结果表明,CC/ZIS-Sn_(0.09)复合光催化剂具有高效的光催化活性,40 min对TCH溶液(50 mL,20 mg/L)的降解率高达93.3%。适量的Sn掺杂和碳布协同作用能够调整电子结构,缩小光捕获带隙,增强ZIS光生载流子的分离和转移效率。自由基捕获实验证明空穴是光催化降解过程中的主要活性物质。此外,CC/ZIS-Sn光催化剂还具有良好的可回收性和稳定性,循环测试4次后,对TCH溶液的去除率仍达83.1%。

Simultaneous Oxidization of NO_x and SO_2 by a New Non-thermal Plasma Reactor Enhanced by Catalyst and Additive

The non-thermal plasma as one of the most promising technologies for removing NOx and SO2 has attrm^ted much attention. In this study, a new plasma reactor combined with catalyst and additive was developed to effectively oxidize and remove NOx and SO2 in the flue gas. The experimental results showed that TiO2 could improve the oxidation efficiency of SO2 in the case of applying plasma while having a negative effect on the oxidation process of NO and NOx. With the addition of NH3, the oxidation rates of NOx, NO and SO2 were slightly increased. However, the effect of adding NH3 on NOx oxidation was negative when the temperature was above 200℃.

Preparation of pre-reduced pellet using pyrite cinder containing nonferrous metals with high temperature chloridizingreduction roasting technology—Effect of CaCl_2 additive

The role of CaCl2 during the high temperature chloridizing-reduction roasting process was investigated, aiming at acquiring high strength blast furnace burden with high iron grade and low nonferrous metals content. The effects of CaCl2 dosage on pelletizing, preheating and reduction were investigated. The results show that CaCl2 can improve the wet drop strength but reduces the thermostability of pyrite cinder green balls. When the dosage of CaCl2 exceeds 1%, the compressive strength of preheated pellets decreases while the growth of iron oxide particles is improved. Furthermore, the compressive strength of pre-reduced pellets increases but the metallization degree of pre-reduced pellets decreases with CaCl2 additive. The removal tests indicate that Zn can be removed completely without CaCl2 additive, Cu is removed only under the condition with CaCl2 additive and part of Pb must be removed by CaCl2 additive.

Investigation on Promising Additives for Simultaneous Oxidation of NO and SO_2 in Flue Gas by Numerical Simulation

Mechanism analysis on simultaneous oxidation of NO and SO2 with additives was presented and numerical simulation was developed to investigate the performances of three additives on oxidation of NO and SO2. The simulation result showed that reaction temperature, residence time, additive dose and NO concentration influence the oxidation process significantly. There exists an optimum reaction condition for each additive, n-C4H10 has the strongest ability to oxidize NO and SO2.

Effects of Sintering Additives on Preparation of CaF_2 Transparent Ceramics

The effects of different sintering addictives on the preparation of CaF2 transparent ceramics were studied. Transparent CaF2 ceramics were fabricated by vacuum sintering and hot isostatic pressing （HIP） method, using CaF2 nanopowders synthesized by chemical precipitation method as raw materials. The nanopowders and transparent ceramics were studied using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and spectrophotometer. The experimental results indicated that the obtained nanopowders presented normal distribution with grain size about 30 nm; transmittance of CaF2 transparent ceramics was 39% and 26% at 1100 nm for LiF and NaF as sintering addictives, respectively, with corresponding mean grain size 188 μm and 44 μm. Loss of transmission could be attributed to the residual closed porosity. Sintering mechanism was liquid-phase sintering at pre-stage, then solid-phase sintering at later stage, as well as solid solution of lithium ions and sodium ions in the CaF2 lattice structure.

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of laser additive manufactured Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr alloy

The microstructure, microhardness and tensile properties of laser additive manufactured (LAM) Ti?5Al?2Sn?2Zr?4Mo?4Cr alloy were investigated. The result shows that the microstructure evolution is strongly affected by the thermal history of LAM process. Primary α (αp) with different morphologies, secondary α (αs) and martensite α' can be observed at different positions of the LAMed specimen. Annealing treatment can promote the precipitation of rib-like α phase or acicular α phase. As a result, it can increase or decrease the microhardness. The as-deposited L-direction and T-direction specimens contain the same phase constituent with different morphologies. The tensile properties of the as-deposited LAMed specimens are characterized of anisotropy. The L-direction specimen shows the character of low strength but high ductility when compared with the T-direction specimen. After annealing treatment, the strength of L-direction specimen increases significantly while the ductility reduces. The strength of the annealed T-direction specimen changes little, however, the ductility reduces nearly by 50%.

EFFECTS OF Pb COMPOUND ADDITIVES ON THE PROPERTIES OF YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)

The melting temperature and critical transition temperature Tc of YBa2Cu3O7-δ with deferent content additives of PbO and BaPbO3 were studied. When PbO was doped in YBa2Cu3O7-δ, the melting temperature of YBa2Cu3O7-δ was reduced, however its superconductivity was weakened. From the XRD pattern of the sintered mixture of YBa2Cu3O7-δ and PbO, it was known that there was a reaction between YBa2Cu3O7-δ and PbO, and the product was BaPbO3. Hence different contents of BaPbO3 (10mass%, 20mass% and 30mass%) were added in YBa2Cu3O7-δ. It was proved that there were no reactions between YBa2Cu3O7-δ and BaPbO3. And the superconductivity of the mixtures was much better than that of the samples with PbO additive.

Interface Engineering via Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene Electrolyte Additive toward Dendrite-Free Zinc Deposition

Zinc metal batteries have been considered as a promising candidate for next-generation batteries due to their high safety and low cost.However,their practical applications are severely hampered by the poor cyclability that caused by the undesired dendrite growth of metallic Zn.Herein,Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene was first used as electrolyte additive to facilitate the uniform Zn deposition by controlling the nucleation and growth process of Zn.Such MXene additives can not only be absorbed on Zn foil to induce uniform initial Zn deposition via providing abundant zincophilic-O groups and subsequently participate in the formation of robust solid-electrolyte interface film,but also accelerate ion transportation by reducing the Zn^(2+) concentration gradient at the electrode/electrolyte interface.Consequently,MXene-containing electrolyte realizes dendrite-free Zn plating/striping with high Coulombic efficiency(99.7%)and superior reversibility(stably up to 1180 cycles).When applied in full cell,the Zn-V_(2)O_(5)cell also delivers significantly improved cycling performances.This work provides a facile yet effective method for developing reversible zinc metal batteries.

Effects of Additive AlCl_3 on Crystal Phase, Particle Size and Microstructural Parameters of Nanocrystalline TiO_2 Prepared by HF-PCVD

Nanocrystalline TiO2 was prepared by high frequency plasma chemical vapor deposition (HF-PCVD). The effects of additive AlCl3 on crystal phase, particle size and microstructurai parameters of TiO2 nanocrystallites were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nanocrystallites obtained experimentally are mixture of anatase and rutile, the uniform diameters of particles are about 30 nm. The phase transformation from anatase to rutile was accelerated by AlCl3, and rutile content is increased from 26.7 wt pct to 53.6 wt pct with increasing of addition of AlCl3 from 0.0 wt pct to 5.0 wt pct. The particle size is reduced and the size distribution becomes very narrow. The crystal lattice constants have the trend to decrease, and celi volumes appear as shrinkable.

Development of Bioimplants with 2D, 3D, and 4D Additive Manufacturing Materials

Over the past 30 years,additive manufacturing(AM)has developed rapidly and has demonstrated great potential in biomedical applications.AM is a materials-oriented manufacturing technology,since the solidification mechanism,architecture resolution,post-treatment process,and functional application are based on the materials to be printed.However,3D printable materials are still quite limited for the fabrication of bioimplants.In this work.2D/3D AM materials for bioimplants are reviewed.Furthermore,inspired by Tai Chi,a simple yet novel soft/rigid hybrid 4D AM concept is advanced to develop complex and dynamic biological structures in the human body based on 4D printing hybrid ceramic precursor/ceramic materials that were previously developed by our group.With the development of multi-material printing technology,the development of bioimplants and soft/rigid hybrid biological structures with 2D/3D/4D AM materials can be anticipated.

Effects of Nucleating Additives on Crystallization and Properties of CaO-B_2O_3-SiO_2 Glass-ceramics

ZrO2, TiO2 and P2O5 were doped in CaO-B2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramics as nucleating additives. Effects of different nucleating additives on the phase separation and crystalline behaviors were investigated by using gradient temperature furnace, DTA and XRD. Then, sintering process of the glass-ceramics was investigated by testing sintering shrinkage, dielectric constant and loss. The experimental results shows that the glass-ceramics doped with nucleating additives represents higher crystallization, with ZrO2 as an exceptional effective dopant to promote the precipitation of wollastonite crystal. Finally, ZrO2 containing glass-ceramics was chosen to study the influence of sintering temperature and soaking time with the help of X-ray diffraction analysis and density measurement. The glass-ceramics can be well consolidated at 850 ℃ for 10 min, with low dielectric constant （5.87） and loss （3.21×10^-4）, which is desirable for LTCC application.

Hydrogen storage properties of ball-milled Mg-based composite with PdCl_2 additive

Mg-25 wt% Mg2Ni composite was prepared by sintered method, hydrided at 613 K and then ball-milled with 1.5 wt% PdC12 additive for 51 h. The effects of PdCl2 on the hydriding and dehydriding behavior of Mg-25 wt% Mg2Ni composite were investigated. The absorption and desorption rate of the composite with PdCl2 is fast and the hydrogen storage capacity is more than that of the composite without PdCl2. The maximum hydrogen storage capacity reached 3.48 wt% at 373 K, and 5.05 wt% H at 453 K, respectively. The improvement of sorption and desorption kinetics is attributed to the catalytic effect of PdCl2, and the grain refining and lattice strain introduced by ball milling.

Highly reinforce the interface stability using 2-Phenyl-1H-imidazole-1-sulfonate electrolyte additive to enhance the high temperature performance of LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)/graphite batteries

This work develops 2-Phenyl-1H-imidazole-1-sulfonate(PHIS)as a multi-functional electrolyte additive for H2O/HF scavenging and film formation to improve the high temperature performance of LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)/graphite batteries.After 450 cycles at room temperature(25℃),the discharge capacity retentions of batteries with blank and PHIS-containing electrolyte are 56.03%and 94.92%respectively.After 230 cycles at high temperatures(45℃),their values are 75.30%and 88.38%respectively.The enhanced electrochemical performance of the batteries with PHIS-containing electrolyte is supported by the spectroscopic characterization and theoretical calculations.It is demonstrated that this PHIS electrolyte additive can facilitate the construction of the electrode interface films,remove the H2O/HF in the electrolyte,and improve the electrochemical performance of the batteries.This work not only develops a sulfonate-based electrolyte but also can stimulate new ideas of functional additives to improve the battery performance.

基于ASP-SERes2Net的说话人识别算法

为提升说话人识别的特征提取能力,解决在噪声环境下识别率低的问题,提出一种基于残差网络的说话人识别算法——ASP-SERes2Net。首先,采用梅尔语谱图作为神经网络的输入;其次,改进Res2Net网络的残差块,并且在每个残差块后引入压缩激活(squeeze-and-excitation,SE)注意力模块;然后,用注意力统计池化(attention statistics pooling,ASP)代替原来的平均池化;最后,采用附加角裕度的Softmax(additive angular margin Softmax,AAM-Softmax)对说话人身份进行分类。通过实验,将ASP-SERes2Net算法与时延神经网络(time delay neural network,TDNN)、ResNet34和Res2Net进行对比,ASP-SERes2Net算法的最小检测代价函数(minimum detection cost function,MinDCF)值为0.0401,等误率(equal error rate,EER)为0.52%,明显优于其他3个模型。结果表明,ASP-SERes2Net算法性能更优,适合应用于噪声环境下的说话人识别。

Effects of CeO_2 additives on the microstructure and mechanical properties of WC-Al_2O_3 composites

To improve the mechanical properties of WC-Al2O3 composites, the effects of trace amount of CeO2 additives on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the WC-Al2O3 composites prepared by hot pressing were investigated. The results revealed that the WC-Al2O3 composites doped with 0.1% CeOz possessed refined microstructure and enhanced mechanical properties compared with that of the undoped WC-Al2O3composites. Trace CeO2 suppressed the decarburization of WC, promoted the microstructural refinement, and improved the interface coherence of the WC matrix and Al2O3. When 0.1% CeO2 was added to the WC-Al2O3 composites, the effect of CeO2 resulted in the achievement of a relative density of 98.82% with an excellent Vickers hardness of 16.89 GPa, combining a fracture toughness of 9.85 MPa. m1/2 with an acceptable flexural strength of 1 024.05 MPa.

Enhancement of magnetic and dielectric properties of low temperature sintered NiCuZn ferrite by Bi_(2)O_(3)-CuO additives

With a series of 1.0 wt%Bi_(2)O_(3)-x wt%CuO(x=0.0,0.2,0.4,0.6,and 0.8)serving as sintering additives,Ni_(0.23)Cu_(0.32)Zn_(0.45)Ee_(2)O_(4)ferrites are successfully synthesized at a low temperature(900℃)by using the solid state reaction method.The effects of the additives on the phase formation,magnetic and dielectric properties as well as the structural and gyromagnetic properties are investigated.The x-ray diffraction(XRD)results indicate that the added Bi_(2)O_(3)-CuO can lower the synthesis temperature significantly without the appearing of the second phase.The scanning electron microscope(SEM)images confirm that Bi_(2)O_(3)is an important factor that determines the sintering behaviors,while CuO affects the grain size and densification.With CuO content x=0.4 or 0.6,the sample shows high saturation magnetization,low coercivity,high real part of magnetic permeability,dielectric permittivity,and small ferromagnetic resonance linewidth(ΔH).The NiCuZn ferrites are a promising new generation of high-performance microwave devices,such as phase shifters and isolators.