China has been promoting the renovation of old residential communities vigorously.Due to the financial pressure of the government and the sustainability of the renovation of old residential communities,public-private ...China has been promoting the renovation of old residential communities vigorously.Due to the financial pressure of the government and the sustainability of the renovation of old residential communities,public-private partnerships(PPP)have already gained attention.The selection of social capital is key to improving the efficiency of the PPP model in renovating old residential communities.In order to determine the influencing factors of social capital selection in the renovation of old residential communities,this paper aims to find an effective approach and analyze these factors.In this paper,a fuzzy decision-making and trial evaluation laboratory(fuzzy-DEMATEL)technique is extended and amore suitable systemis developed for the selection of social capital using the existing group decisionmaking theory.In the first stage,grounded theory is used to extract the unabridged key influencing factors for social capital selection in the renovation of old residential communities.Secondly,by considering the impact of expert weights,the key influencing factors are identified.The interactions within these influencing factors are discussed and the credibility of the results is verified by sensitivity analysis.Finally,these key influencing factors are sorted by importance.Based on the results,the government should focus on a technical level,organizationalmanagement abilities,corporate reputation,credit status,etc.This study provides the government with a theoretical basis and a methodology for evaluating social capital selection.展开更多
Social capital in the form of social resources or social networks is one of the most important livelihood capital of farmers, which can increase the labor productivity of poor households and increase income. It is imp...Social capital in the form of social resources or social networks is one of the most important livelihood capital of farmers, which can increase the labor productivity of poor households and increase income. It is important to explore the reasons underlying the livelihood strategy choices of farmers from the perspective of social capital under China’s rural revitalization strategy. In this study, the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, a povertystricken mountainous area in southwestern China, was selected as the case study area, and multivariable linear regression models were constructed to analyze the influence of social capital on livelihood strategies.The results are as follows:(1) Individual social capital had a positive effect on non-agricultural livelihood strategies. On average, with a one-unit increase in individual social capital, the ratio of farmers’ nonagricultural income to total productive income(Income_Rto) increased by 0.002% and 0.062%,respectively. Collective social capital, with the Peasant Economic Cooperation Organization(PECO) as the carrier, had a negative effect on the non-agricultural livelihood strategies of farmers;on average, with a oneunit increase in PECO, Income_Rto decreased by approximately 0.053%. However, this effect was only significant in the river valley area.(2) The income differences among the different livelihood strategy types were explained by the livelihood strategy choices of farmers. As non-agricultural work can bring more benefits, the labor force exhibited one-way migration from villages to cities, resulting in a lack of the subject of rural revitalization. It is necessary to implement effective measures to highlight the role of PECO in increasing agricultural income for farmers. Finally,based on the above conclusions,policy recommendations with respect to livelihood transformation of farmers and rural sustainable development are discussed.展开更多
Based on the survey data of typical villages in Shaanxi Province,China,the effect of social capital on the income gap of farmers' households was analyzed using the Shapley value of the total amount of social capit...Based on the survey data of typical villages in Shaanxi Province,China,the effect of social capital on the income gap of farmers' households was analyzed using the Shapley value of the total amount of social capital and the social capital structure.The results show the following:first,social capital can expand the household income gap,and the effect of this index on the household income gap is 7.54%.Second,the indexes of the social capital dimension can expand the household income gap,and the structural effects of the household income gap on social networks,social trust,and social participation are 3.17%,3.64%,and 0.65%,respectively.Third,no dimension of the path is the same as the effect on the household income gap.展开更多
In order to explore the relationship between social capital and rural tourism development effect and improve the development of rural tourism,this study takes Liutai Village in Shandong Province,9 villages of Mangxin ...In order to explore the relationship between social capital and rural tourism development effect and improve the development of rural tourism,this study takes Liutai Village in Shandong Province,9 villages of Mangxin Township and Yuanyi Village in Xinjiang as examples and conducts empirical research.The result of exploratory factor analysis shows that social capital is divided into bonding type and bridging type,which have different characteristics and functions.The result of multiple regression analysis shows that social capital of both the two types has a significant positive impact on the development of rural tourism.In the current process of rural tourism development,the positive influence of bonding social capital is greater than that of bridging social capital.Based on the results of the empirical analysis,this paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions for the development of rural tourism.展开更多
Purpose: We aimed to reveal the association between cognitive social capital and sexual awareness among high school students in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, where adolescent premarital sex is considered to be wide-sprea...Purpose: We aimed to reveal the association between cognitive social capital and sexual awareness among high school students in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, where adolescent premarital sex is considered to be wide-spreading as consequence of socioeconomic changes, in comparison to our previous study in Hanoi, 2012. Methods: We conducted a questionnaire-based survey and a cross sectional study in late 2014, with 2051 eleventh graders at three high schools in Ho Chi Minh City. Complete data was received from 1935 respondents (94.3%). We assessed basic attributes, sexual knowledge, sexual awareness, sexual experience of peers, cognitive social capital such as a sense of community belonging, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem score. After the independent t-test and multiple logistic regression analyses on sexual awareness were performed assigning trivalent Rosenberg Self-Esteem score, sexual knowledge, and sexual experience of peers as independent variables (model 1), followed by analysis adjusted for cognitive social capital (model 2). This study was approved by Japanese Red Cross Akita College of Nursing (No. 24-003). Results: Of 1935 respondents, 99.9% were 16 or 17 years old and mostly from nuclear families (71.1%). Of all participants, 45.8% in males and 49.4% in females correctly answered on sexual knowledge, 47.6% of males and 28.3% of females accepted premarital sex, 60.0% of male and 65.0% of females knew peers with sexual intercourse experience, and 78.1% of males and 79.1% of females agreed with a sense of community belonging. When multiple logistic regression analyses performed, in model 1, sexual awareness was significantly associated with Rosenberg Self-Esteem score in female. In model 2, above association disappeared but significant association was found between sexual awareness and cognitive social capital in both sexes OR (95% CI), male 1.39 (1.05 - 1.84), female 1.99 (1.49 - 2.65). Discussion: The conservative traditional culture in both Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City seems to be similar to the concept of cognitive social capital and it is considered to have influenced sexual awareness of high school students in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Conclusion: Cognitive social capital is significantly associated with sexual awareness among high school students in urban areas of Vietnam.展开更多
Underresourced or socially excluded communities in Manchester, England demonstrate active use of information technologies despite continuing digital inequalities.A systematic look at 31 grassroots community groups, at...Underresourced or socially excluded communities in Manchester, England demonstrate active use of information technologies despite continuing digital inequalities.A systematic look at 31 grassroots community groups, at how they use IT and who helps them, reveals possible mechanisms towards a more inclusive network society. Social network and social capital theories help make apparent how people are self-organizing with respect to information technology in ways that reach across ethnicity, class, gender, and generations for skilled help, yet stay close to their strong-tie, bonding-social-capital networks, relying largely on people in their own communities. Based on 25 measures of IT use, the groups fall into three progressively more extensive categories: Downloaders(using computers and the Internet, particularly e-mails), uploaders(maintaining a group web presence), and cyberorganizers(helping others to become uploaders or downloaders). These categories align with each individual group's purpose.展开更多
Background: Social capital has been described as a person’s sense of belonging as a result of the number and type of relationships she/he has, in which trust and reciprocity are especially important. Aim: To illumina...Background: Social capital has been described as a person’s sense of belonging as a result of the number and type of relationships she/he has, in which trust and reciprocity are especially important. Aim: To illuminate older persons’ experiences of social capital and depressive ill-health after implementation of the CCM. Methods: Data were collected from nine participants resident in two districts of Norway by means of individual in-depth interviews. A qualitative hermeneutic analysis was performed. Results: Two overall themes, desire for a guardian and a wish for independence despite being dependent, and two themes emerging from the analysis. The first theme—searching for protection was based on three sub-themes overwhelmed by the emotional pain of other people, a sense of exclusion and worries about the future, while the second theme—the need for a relationship with trustworthy persons comprised two sub-themes, namely, emotional pain was not understood and powerlessness to change the situation. The result of this study highlights the need for greater understanding on the part of healthcare professionals of how older persons manage their social relationships. Healthcare professionals require more knowledge about how negative self-beliefs held by older persons suffering from emotional pain, which can lead to reduced ability to trust other people. Another consequence is that fear of being dependent on other people can result in unwillingness to admit the need for help. Conclusion: This study highlights the lack of social capital in older persons who suffer from depressive ill-health. The implementation of the CCM does not appear to improve the situation. Older persons need to be more aware of their social needs and productive interactions in order to protect themselves and obtain support from their social network.展开更多
Based on social capital theory,related factors of three dimensions( structure dimension,cognition dimension and relation dimension) of farmer social capital are taken as independent variables,and famer's willingne...Based on social capital theory,related factors of three dimensions( structure dimension,cognition dimension and relation dimension) of farmer social capital are taken as independent variables,and famer's willingness to cooperatively supply agricultural disaster reduction public goods is taken as dependent variable. Taking 515 farmers in 27 villages of Hubei Province as investigation objects,the influence of farmer social capital on cooperative supply willingness of agricultural disaster reduction public goods is explored by Logistic regression model. Research results show that social solidarity,common value concept,social trust and reciprocal content have positive impact on farmer's willingness of cooperative supply,while annual household income,number of agricultural disaster reduction public goods and social network have negative impact on farmer's willingness of cooperative supply.展开更多
Despite a surge of studies examining the impact of firm’s social capital on the innovation performance,empirical research shows controversial results.To resolve this problem,this paper conducted a meta-analysis to re...Despite a surge of studies examining the impact of firm’s social capital on the innovation performance,empirical research shows controversial results.To resolve this problem,this paper conducted a meta-analysis to restudy the impact of the firm’s social capital and its three dimensions on innovation performance based on the previous empirical research results of independent samples.This paper also explored some moderators affecting this relationship from culture,industry,firm and methodology.The results indicated that the firm’s social capital and its three-dimension had positive impact on innovation performance.At the same time,the age of the firm and the cultural context can also affect the impact of social capital on innovation performance to a large extent.Based on these findings,this paper developed recommendations for future research.展开更多
This study focused on the strategic leadership in the organization and the internal and external social capital can be seen as the ambidexterity innovation assets for building organization capability.The research sele...This study focused on the strategic leadership in the organization and the internal and external social capital can be seen as the ambidexterity innovation assets for building organization capability.The research selected 500 top managers and 385 ones were returned,using purposive sampling in Southern Tainan Real Estate firms as subjects to explore the interactions and relationships among strategic leadership,social capital,innovation ambidexterity,and contextual ambidexterity,and examines the fitness of model in this study.The data were analyzed by a variety of statistical methods,such as regression analysis,hierarchical regression analysis,ANOVA,and SEM to test the hypotheses of this study and model fitness.The conclusions are as follows:(1)Strategic leadership has significant positive influence on social capital and innovation ambidexterity.(2)Social capital has significant positive influence on innovation ambidexterity.(3)Good model fitness of relationship exists among each construct,and the social capital has significant mediating effects between strategic leadership and innovation ambidexterity.(4)The relationship between social capital and innovation ambidexterity has a moderating influence of contextual ambidexterity.展开更多
Despite a surge of studies examining the impact of firm’s social capital on the innovation performance,empirical research shows controversial results.To resolve this problem,this paper conducted a meta-analysis to re...Despite a surge of studies examining the impact of firm’s social capital on the innovation performance,empirical research shows controversial results.To resolve this problem,this paper conducted a meta-analysis to restudy the relationship between firm’s social capital and innovation performance based on the empirical research results of 63 independent samples.This paper also identified some moderators affecting this relationship.The results indicated that the firm’s social capital-innovation performance link was positive and significant(r=0.363),and the age of the firm and the cultural context affected the impact of social capital on innovation performance to a large extent.Based on these findings,this paper developed recommendations for future research.展开更多
Chinese society in rural areas is typically a geographically and genetically related society.Scattered farmers can be connected to form small groups through their social capital,which can affect farmers' agricultu...Chinese society in rural areas is typically a geographically and genetically related society.Scattered farmers can be connected to form small groups through their social capital,which can affect farmers' agricultural activities in the process of controlling agricultural Non-point Source pollution.An ordered Logit model can be built to analyze the effects of social capital to farmers' responsive willingness to different measurements of controlling agricultural NPS pollution by using survey data in Shaanxi Province.This paper characterizes farmers' social capital in three dimensions:social trust,social participation and social network.The results indicated that farmers' social capital significantly affects farmers' response to different policies.When governments construct and implement policies to control agricultural NPS pollution,the effects of social capital need to be considered at same time with the effects of governmental supervision,market and education measurements.展开更多
Human behavior and their social interactions can be quantified and modeled with the use of smart phones and any wearable badges which senses and captures real-life interactions. In traditional social sciences, such in...Human behavior and their social interactions can be quantified and modeled with the use of smart phones and any wearable badges which senses and captures real-life interactions. In traditional social sciences, such information was gathered by conducting surveys. However in digital era, smart phones are regarded as a popular tool which automatically senses much human information to quantify our lives. Reality mining gives a clear picture of a human being and its social relations. Social Network Analysis (SNA) is a powerful research tool which provides a comprehensive analysis on ego-alters communications with their individual productivity within a community. In this paper, various popular measures of social network analysis have used to study a closed community through their mobile call logs for a period of time. We experimented various social network measures both on daily basis and also over a period of time. The pattern shows that the relationships and interaction between ego-alter ties have more productive benefits. Using Pearsoncorrelation analysis, we observed that significant (positive) correlation exists between various network properties and their productivity. Results showed that degree (size) has the strongest positive correlation with average productivity, followed by effective size, efficiency, constraint, hierarchy, and k-core of an individual. Density and betweenness centrality have a weak, negative correlation with productivity. Hence social capital has a significant influence on human productivity.展开更多
Using microdata from the China Household Financial Survey Project(CHFS 2015),a negative binomial model is used to study the impact of social capital and financial literacy on the lending behavior of farmers with diffe...Using microdata from the China Household Financial Survey Project(CHFS 2015),a negative binomial model is used to study the impact of social capital and financial literacy on the lending behavior of farmers with different incomes.The study found that the positive impact of social capital on the formal borrowing behavior of low-and middle-income farmers was significant,while the impact on informal borrowing behavior and both types of borrowing behavior of highincome farmers were not significant.Financial literacy has a significant positive effect on formal lending behavior only for high-income farmers.Financial literacy has a significant positive effect on formal lending behavior only for high-income farmers.展开更多
Purpose: This paper focuses on the impact of social capital on urban children's use behavior of information communication technology (ICT).Design/methodology/approach: Using the field survey and in-depth intervie...Purpose: This paper focuses on the impact of social capital on urban children's use behavior of information communication technology (ICT).Design/methodology/approach: Using the field survey and in-depth interviews, we interviewed 40 children aged 6 to 12 and their parents from a staff residential quarter of the Zhengzhou University--"Shengheyuan" community (SHY), and a commercial residential quarter--"Wanfenghuicheng" community (WFHC) in the high-tech zone of Zhengzhou City, Henan Province. We used the social capital theory to analyze the interviewees' record.Findings: In urban communities, social capital is the most important factor for children (aged 6 to 12) in their ICT use. Our findings indicate that children in families with higher levels of social capital, such as internal resources, family income, parent educational backgrounds and parents' social network, have more-highly developed ICT skills. Personal motivation and obstacles, such as lack of access to computers on a regular basis, also have an impact on children's ICT use. External social capital, including schools, libraries, and public service institutes, have little impact on children's ICT use, if not combined with internal social capital factors.Research limitations: Our research samples were collected from two communities within the same city, which may influence the generalization of this research result.Originality/value: To explore the social capital's influence on children's ICT use, we used field observation for ICT use of children aged 6 to 12 in urban communities in China, and studied the children's ICT behavior from the perspective of internal and external social capital.展开更多
As a typical informal system,social capital plays an important supplementary role in China’s economic transition period.Informal finance based on commercial credit plays a role in the economic cycle.However,there is ...As a typical informal system,social capital plays an important supplementary role in China’s economic transition period.Informal finance based on commercial credit plays a role in the economic cycle.However,there is currently a lack of literature to directly examine the impact of social capital on the use of commercial credit by enterprises.This article aims to systematically sort out the theoretical development of social capital on commercial credit,which mainly includes the definition of social capital,its effects,the influencing factors of commercial credit,and the summary of the existing research results of social capital on commercial credit.It is hoped that this literature review will provide guidance for future research.展开更多
Older adults in disaster contexts are often thought of as a passive, vulnerable population that lacks agency and capacities to cope in the aftermath. However, it can be argued that older adults may have underrecognize...Older adults in disaster contexts are often thought of as a passive, vulnerable population that lacks agency and capacities to cope in the aftermath. However, it can be argued that older adults may have underrecognized strengths that can be utilized pre-, peri-, and post-disaster. One of these strengths is older adults' unique social capital that stems from long-standing connections with other members of their respective communities. Using data from in-depth, semistructured interviews with farmers in British Columbia 3–11 months after the 2021 floods, this research explored the experiences of older adult farmers' recovery. The farmers discussed how they leveraged their social capital to aid in their recovery efforts from the flood event. By using their bonding social capital, older adult farmers transformed their existing, deep-rooted connections into post-disaster assistance. This, in turn, generated the idea of the therapeutic community, helping community members cope in the aftermath. This research indicated the need to further examine how older adults in disaster settings can be viewed as assets with community knowledge and skills as opposed to solely as a vulnerable population.展开更多
This study links social capital with people’s health and well-being using data from the seventh wave of the World Value Survey,logistic regression,and path analysis.The study’s findings show that happiness and life ...This study links social capital with people’s health and well-being using data from the seventh wave of the World Value Survey,logistic regression,and path analysis.The study’s findings show that happiness and life satisfaction are two different measures of the same construct,or well-being.The determinants of each are also characterised differently:while life satisfaction is more of a stable and relative measure and is more strongly influenced by civic cooperation,social participation,and educational attainment,happiness is more of an unstable measure and is more strongly influenced by community belonging,trust and confidence aggregates,including employment and location of residence of an individual.Moreover,freedom of choice,financial satisfaction or social comparison,and state of health were the most important factors influencing happiness and life satisfaction.The findings also show that self-reported health(SRH)has a greater impact on happiness than a measure of life satisfaction.Path analysis shows out of the three other components of social capital—community belonging,civic engagement,and social participation—trust and confidence aggregates are the ones that have the biggest impact on increased social capital.For both well-being measures,SRH mediated the relationship.The life satisfaction measure had a higher level of mediation of SRH than happiness,but social capital had a smaller direct impact on life satisfaction than on happiness.SRH was found to be partially mediating this relationship for both happiness and life satisfaction measures,which means that people with higher social capital reported feeling better off.展开更多
A theoretical framework based on information and embeddedness is constructed to analyze the micro structure of the impact of heterogeneous social capital on corporate performance. It is empirically tested based on dat...A theoretical framework based on information and embeddedness is constructed to analyze the micro structure of the impact of heterogeneous social capital on corporate performance. It is empirically tested based on data collected from a sample of 155 Chinese firms. Results indicate that hierarchical social capital has a positive association with corporate market power but little impact on corporate operational efficiency. Furthermore, social capital can promote operational efficiency but contribute little to corporate market power. There is a complementary structure between the two types of heterogeneous social capital. The embedded inertia of social capital into institutional environment is negatively related with corporate performance. From the perspective of economic transition, firms in developed regions rely far more on hierarchical social capital to acquire market power than firms in developing areas.展开更多
This study uses an unbalanced panel data analysis to examine the effects of social capital, top executive attributes and R &D on firm value in Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) listed on the Shenzhe...This study uses an unbalanced panel data analysis to examine the effects of social capital, top executive attributes and R &D on firm value in Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Board from 2007 to 2011. There are several interesting findings. First, the gender (male) and academic degree of the chairperson in the SMEs have a positive and significant effect on firm value. Second, social capital (measured by politieal connections, managerial business association networks and technology association networks) and R&D have a positive effect on SME firm value. Third, the effect of politieal connections on firm value for state-owned enterprises (SOEs) is stronger than for non-SOEs, while the effect of business and technology networks on firm value for non-SOEs is stronger than for SOEs. Our study has important policy implications for SMEs that want to compete successfully in China.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62141302)the Humanities Social Science Programming Project of the Ministry of Educa-tion of China(No.20YJA630059)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province of China(No.20212BAB201011)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2019M662265)the Research Project of Economic and Social Development in Liaoning Province(Grant No.2022lslybkt-053).
文摘China has been promoting the renovation of old residential communities vigorously.Due to the financial pressure of the government and the sustainability of the renovation of old residential communities,public-private partnerships(PPP)have already gained attention.The selection of social capital is key to improving the efficiency of the PPP model in renovating old residential communities.In order to determine the influencing factors of social capital selection in the renovation of old residential communities,this paper aims to find an effective approach and analyze these factors.In this paper,a fuzzy decision-making and trial evaluation laboratory(fuzzy-DEMATEL)technique is extended and amore suitable systemis developed for the selection of social capital using the existing group decisionmaking theory.In the first stage,grounded theory is used to extract the unabridged key influencing factors for social capital selection in the renovation of old residential communities.Secondly,by considering the impact of expert weights,the key influencing factors are identified.The interactions within these influencing factors are discussed and the credibility of the results is verified by sensitivity analysis.Finally,these key influencing factors are sorted by importance.Based on the results,the government should focus on a technical level,organizationalmanagement abilities,corporate reputation,credit status,etc.This study provides the government with a theoretical basis and a methodology for evaluating social capital selection.
基金financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41461040, 41601614, 41601176)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (JBK2102018)the Sichuan Center for Rural Development Research (CR2107, Mechanism of Farmers’ Livelihoods on Ecological Security in Ethnic Regions in Sichuan Province)。
文摘Social capital in the form of social resources or social networks is one of the most important livelihood capital of farmers, which can increase the labor productivity of poor households and increase income. It is important to explore the reasons underlying the livelihood strategy choices of farmers from the perspective of social capital under China’s rural revitalization strategy. In this study, the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, a povertystricken mountainous area in southwestern China, was selected as the case study area, and multivariable linear regression models were constructed to analyze the influence of social capital on livelihood strategies.The results are as follows:(1) Individual social capital had a positive effect on non-agricultural livelihood strategies. On average, with a one-unit increase in individual social capital, the ratio of farmers’ nonagricultural income to total productive income(Income_Rto) increased by 0.002% and 0.062%,respectively. Collective social capital, with the Peasant Economic Cooperation Organization(PECO) as the carrier, had a negative effect on the non-agricultural livelihood strategies of farmers;on average, with a oneunit increase in PECO, Income_Rto decreased by approximately 0.053%. However, this effect was only significant in the river valley area.(2) The income differences among the different livelihood strategy types were explained by the livelihood strategy choices of farmers. As non-agricultural work can bring more benefits, the labor force exhibited one-way migration from villages to cities, resulting in a lack of the subject of rural revitalization. It is necessary to implement effective measures to highlight the role of PECO in increasing agricultural income for farmers. Finally,based on the above conclusions,policy recommendations with respect to livelihood transformation of farmers and rural sustainable development are discussed.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.71173174)
文摘Based on the survey data of typical villages in Shaanxi Province,China,the effect of social capital on the income gap of farmers' households was analyzed using the Shapley value of the total amount of social capital and the social capital structure.The results show the following:first,social capital can expand the household income gap,and the effect of this index on the household income gap is 7.54%.Second,the indexes of the social capital dimension can expand the household income gap,and the structural effects of the household income gap on social networks,social trust,and social participation are 3.17%,3.64%,and 0.65%,respectively.Third,no dimension of the path is the same as the effect on the household income gap.
基金Humanistic&Social Science Research Project of Shandong Province(19-ZC-GL-02)Talent Introduction and Cultivation Program for Youth Innovation Teams of Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province+1 种基金Social Science Planning Project of Shandong Province:Digital Shandong Construction Project(20CSDJ62)Social Science Planning Project of Shandong Province:Special Project on Collaborative Innovation of Major Theoretical and Practical Issues(20CCXJ28).
文摘In order to explore the relationship between social capital and rural tourism development effect and improve the development of rural tourism,this study takes Liutai Village in Shandong Province,9 villages of Mangxin Township and Yuanyi Village in Xinjiang as examples and conducts empirical research.The result of exploratory factor analysis shows that social capital is divided into bonding type and bridging type,which have different characteristics and functions.The result of multiple regression analysis shows that social capital of both the two types has a significant positive impact on the development of rural tourism.In the current process of rural tourism development,the positive influence of bonding social capital is greater than that of bridging social capital.Based on the results of the empirical analysis,this paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions for the development of rural tourism.
文摘Purpose: We aimed to reveal the association between cognitive social capital and sexual awareness among high school students in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, where adolescent premarital sex is considered to be wide-spreading as consequence of socioeconomic changes, in comparison to our previous study in Hanoi, 2012. Methods: We conducted a questionnaire-based survey and a cross sectional study in late 2014, with 2051 eleventh graders at three high schools in Ho Chi Minh City. Complete data was received from 1935 respondents (94.3%). We assessed basic attributes, sexual knowledge, sexual awareness, sexual experience of peers, cognitive social capital such as a sense of community belonging, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem score. After the independent t-test and multiple logistic regression analyses on sexual awareness were performed assigning trivalent Rosenberg Self-Esteem score, sexual knowledge, and sexual experience of peers as independent variables (model 1), followed by analysis adjusted for cognitive social capital (model 2). This study was approved by Japanese Red Cross Akita College of Nursing (No. 24-003). Results: Of 1935 respondents, 99.9% were 16 or 17 years old and mostly from nuclear families (71.1%). Of all participants, 45.8% in males and 49.4% in females correctly answered on sexual knowledge, 47.6% of males and 28.3% of females accepted premarital sex, 60.0% of male and 65.0% of females knew peers with sexual intercourse experience, and 78.1% of males and 79.1% of females agreed with a sense of community belonging. When multiple logistic regression analyses performed, in model 1, sexual awareness was significantly associated with Rosenberg Self-Esteem score in female. In model 2, above association disappeared but significant association was found between sexual awareness and cognitive social capital in both sexes OR (95% CI), male 1.39 (1.05 - 1.84), female 1.99 (1.49 - 2.65). Discussion: The conservative traditional culture in both Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City seems to be similar to the concept of cognitive social capital and it is considered to have influenced sexual awareness of high school students in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Conclusion: Cognitive social capital is significantly associated with sexual awareness among high school students in urban areas of Vietnam.
基金supported by the Manchester Digital Development Agency,the University of Manchester Ahmed Iqbal Race Relations Resource Center,the University of Michigan Non-Profit and Public Management Center and the Alliance for Community Technology
文摘Underresourced or socially excluded communities in Manchester, England demonstrate active use of information technologies despite continuing digital inequalities.A systematic look at 31 grassroots community groups, at how they use IT and who helps them, reveals possible mechanisms towards a more inclusive network society. Social network and social capital theories help make apparent how people are self-organizing with respect to information technology in ways that reach across ethnicity, class, gender, and generations for skilled help, yet stay close to their strong-tie, bonding-social-capital networks, relying largely on people in their own communities. Based on 25 measures of IT use, the groups fall into three progressively more extensive categories: Downloaders(using computers and the Internet, particularly e-mails), uploaders(maintaining a group web presence), and cyberorganizers(helping others to become uploaders or downloaders). These categories align with each individual group's purpose.
文摘Background: Social capital has been described as a person’s sense of belonging as a result of the number and type of relationships she/he has, in which trust and reciprocity are especially important. Aim: To illuminate older persons’ experiences of social capital and depressive ill-health after implementation of the CCM. Methods: Data were collected from nine participants resident in two districts of Norway by means of individual in-depth interviews. A qualitative hermeneutic analysis was performed. Results: Two overall themes, desire for a guardian and a wish for independence despite being dependent, and two themes emerging from the analysis. The first theme—searching for protection was based on three sub-themes overwhelmed by the emotional pain of other people, a sense of exclusion and worries about the future, while the second theme—the need for a relationship with trustworthy persons comprised two sub-themes, namely, emotional pain was not understood and powerlessness to change the situation. The result of this study highlights the need for greater understanding on the part of healthcare professionals of how older persons manage their social relationships. Healthcare professionals require more knowledge about how negative self-beliefs held by older persons suffering from emotional pain, which can lead to reduced ability to trust other people. Another consequence is that fear of being dependent on other people can result in unwillingness to admit the need for help. Conclusion: This study highlights the lack of social capital in older persons who suffer from depressive ill-health. The implementation of the CCM does not appear to improve the situation. Older persons need to be more aware of their social needs and productive interactions in order to protect themselves and obtain support from their social network.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation Item(71373098)
文摘Based on social capital theory,related factors of three dimensions( structure dimension,cognition dimension and relation dimension) of farmer social capital are taken as independent variables,and famer's willingness to cooperatively supply agricultural disaster reduction public goods is taken as dependent variable. Taking 515 farmers in 27 villages of Hubei Province as investigation objects,the influence of farmer social capital on cooperative supply willingness of agricultural disaster reduction public goods is explored by Logistic regression model. Research results show that social solidarity,common value concept,social trust and reciprocal content have positive impact on farmer's willingness of cooperative supply,while annual household income,number of agricultural disaster reduction public goods and social network have negative impact on farmer's willingness of cooperative supply.
基金This work was supported by MOE(Ministry of Education in China)Project of Humanities and Social Sciences(No.20YJC630022)Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2017MG033)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.HIT.HSS.201875).
文摘Despite a surge of studies examining the impact of firm’s social capital on the innovation performance,empirical research shows controversial results.To resolve this problem,this paper conducted a meta-analysis to restudy the impact of the firm’s social capital and its three dimensions on innovation performance based on the previous empirical research results of independent samples.This paper also explored some moderators affecting this relationship from culture,industry,firm and methodology.The results indicated that the firm’s social capital and its three-dimension had positive impact on innovation performance.At the same time,the age of the firm and the cultural context can also affect the impact of social capital on innovation performance to a large extent.Based on these findings,this paper developed recommendations for future research.
文摘This study focused on the strategic leadership in the organization and the internal and external social capital can be seen as the ambidexterity innovation assets for building organization capability.The research selected 500 top managers and 385 ones were returned,using purposive sampling in Southern Tainan Real Estate firms as subjects to explore the interactions and relationships among strategic leadership,social capital,innovation ambidexterity,and contextual ambidexterity,and examines the fitness of model in this study.The data were analyzed by a variety of statistical methods,such as regression analysis,hierarchical regression analysis,ANOVA,and SEM to test the hypotheses of this study and model fitness.The conclusions are as follows:(1)Strategic leadership has significant positive influence on social capital and innovation ambidexterity.(2)Social capital has significant positive influence on innovation ambidexterity.(3)Good model fitness of relationship exists among each construct,and the social capital has significant mediating effects between strategic leadership and innovation ambidexterity.(4)The relationship between social capital and innovation ambidexterity has a moderating influence of contextual ambidexterity.
基金This work was supported by MOE(Ministry of Education in China)Project of Humanities and Social Sciences(No.20YJC630022)Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2017MG033)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.HIT.HSS.201875).
文摘Despite a surge of studies examining the impact of firm’s social capital on the innovation performance,empirical research shows controversial results.To resolve this problem,this paper conducted a meta-analysis to restudy the relationship between firm’s social capital and innovation performance based on the empirical research results of 63 independent samples.This paper also identified some moderators affecting this relationship.The results indicated that the firm’s social capital-innovation performance link was positive and significant(r=0.363),and the age of the firm and the cultural context affected the impact of social capital on innovation performance to a large extent.Based on these findings,this paper developed recommendations for future research.
基金supported by the National Social Sciences Foundation of China(14CJY046)Circular Economics Research Center of Sichuan Province(14SD0105)
文摘Chinese society in rural areas is typically a geographically and genetically related society.Scattered farmers can be connected to form small groups through their social capital,which can affect farmers' agricultural activities in the process of controlling agricultural Non-point Source pollution.An ordered Logit model can be built to analyze the effects of social capital to farmers' responsive willingness to different measurements of controlling agricultural NPS pollution by using survey data in Shaanxi Province.This paper characterizes farmers' social capital in three dimensions:social trust,social participation and social network.The results indicated that farmers' social capital significantly affects farmers' response to different policies.When governments construct and implement policies to control agricultural NPS pollution,the effects of social capital need to be considered at same time with the effects of governmental supervision,market and education measurements.
文摘Human behavior and their social interactions can be quantified and modeled with the use of smart phones and any wearable badges which senses and captures real-life interactions. In traditional social sciences, such information was gathered by conducting surveys. However in digital era, smart phones are regarded as a popular tool which automatically senses much human information to quantify our lives. Reality mining gives a clear picture of a human being and its social relations. Social Network Analysis (SNA) is a powerful research tool which provides a comprehensive analysis on ego-alters communications with their individual productivity within a community. In this paper, various popular measures of social network analysis have used to study a closed community through their mobile call logs for a period of time. We experimented various social network measures both on daily basis and also over a period of time. The pattern shows that the relationships and interaction between ego-alter ties have more productive benefits. Using Pearsoncorrelation analysis, we observed that significant (positive) correlation exists between various network properties and their productivity. Results showed that degree (size) has the strongest positive correlation with average productivity, followed by effective size, efficiency, constraint, hierarchy, and k-core of an individual. Density and betweenness centrality have a weak, negative correlation with productivity. Hence social capital has a significant influence on human productivity.
文摘Using microdata from the China Household Financial Survey Project(CHFS 2015),a negative binomial model is used to study the impact of social capital and financial literacy on the lending behavior of farmers with different incomes.The study found that the positive impact of social capital on the formal borrowing behavior of low-and middle-income farmers was significant,while the impact on informal borrowing behavior and both types of borrowing behavior of highincome farmers were not significant.Financial literacy has a significant positive effect on formal lending behavior only for high-income farmers.Financial literacy has a significant positive effect on formal lending behavior only for high-income farmers.
文摘Purpose: This paper focuses on the impact of social capital on urban children's use behavior of information communication technology (ICT).Design/methodology/approach: Using the field survey and in-depth interviews, we interviewed 40 children aged 6 to 12 and their parents from a staff residential quarter of the Zhengzhou University--"Shengheyuan" community (SHY), and a commercial residential quarter--"Wanfenghuicheng" community (WFHC) in the high-tech zone of Zhengzhou City, Henan Province. We used the social capital theory to analyze the interviewees' record.Findings: In urban communities, social capital is the most important factor for children (aged 6 to 12) in their ICT use. Our findings indicate that children in families with higher levels of social capital, such as internal resources, family income, parent educational backgrounds and parents' social network, have more-highly developed ICT skills. Personal motivation and obstacles, such as lack of access to computers on a regular basis, also have an impact on children's ICT use. External social capital, including schools, libraries, and public service institutes, have little impact on children's ICT use, if not combined with internal social capital factors.Research limitations: Our research samples were collected from two communities within the same city, which may influence the generalization of this research result.Originality/value: To explore the social capital's influence on children's ICT use, we used field observation for ICT use of children aged 6 to 12 in urban communities in China, and studied the children's ICT behavior from the perspective of internal and external social capital.
基金We are grateful for the financial support from Surface Project of“Nature Science Found of Shandong Province”(Project Title:Trade credit and TFP of Shandong Manufacturing Enterprises:a Study from the Perspective of Enterprises and Clusters,No.ZR2020MG037)Key Project of“Shandong University Humanities and Social Sciences”(Project Title:the Mechanism of Trade Credit Influencing Technological Innovation:an Empirical Study of Shandong Enterprises,No.J17RZ005)Surface Project of"Social Science Found of Shandong Province"(Project Title:Study on the Mechanism of Informal Finance Promoting Innovation in Shandong Province,No.19CJJJ23).
文摘As a typical informal system,social capital plays an important supplementary role in China’s economic transition period.Informal finance based on commercial credit plays a role in the economic cycle.However,there is currently a lack of literature to directly examine the impact of social capital on the use of commercial credit by enterprises.This article aims to systematically sort out the theoretical development of social capital on commercial credit,which mainly includes the definition of social capital,its effects,the influencing factors of commercial credit,and the summary of the existing research results of social capital on commercial credit.It is hoped that this literature review will provide guidance for future research.
基金supported by the Institute for Catastrophic Loss Reduction (ICLR)’s quick response research program: 2021 British Columbia’s Fraser Valley Floodingfunding from the Canada Research Chairs Program (Award # CRC-2020-00128)。
文摘Older adults in disaster contexts are often thought of as a passive, vulnerable population that lacks agency and capacities to cope in the aftermath. However, it can be argued that older adults may have underrecognized strengths that can be utilized pre-, peri-, and post-disaster. One of these strengths is older adults' unique social capital that stems from long-standing connections with other members of their respective communities. Using data from in-depth, semistructured interviews with farmers in British Columbia 3–11 months after the 2021 floods, this research explored the experiences of older adult farmers' recovery. The farmers discussed how they leveraged their social capital to aid in their recovery efforts from the flood event. By using their bonding social capital, older adult farmers transformed their existing, deep-rooted connections into post-disaster assistance. This, in turn, generated the idea of the therapeutic community, helping community members cope in the aftermath. This research indicated the need to further examine how older adults in disaster settings can be viewed as assets with community knowledge and skills as opposed to solely as a vulnerable population.
文摘This study links social capital with people’s health and well-being using data from the seventh wave of the World Value Survey,logistic regression,and path analysis.The study’s findings show that happiness and life satisfaction are two different measures of the same construct,or well-being.The determinants of each are also characterised differently:while life satisfaction is more of a stable and relative measure and is more strongly influenced by civic cooperation,social participation,and educational attainment,happiness is more of an unstable measure and is more strongly influenced by community belonging,trust and confidence aggregates,including employment and location of residence of an individual.Moreover,freedom of choice,financial satisfaction or social comparison,and state of health were the most important factors influencing happiness and life satisfaction.The findings also show that self-reported health(SRH)has a greater impact on happiness than a measure of life satisfaction.Path analysis shows out of the three other components of social capital—community belonging,civic engagement,and social participation—trust and confidence aggregates are the ones that have the biggest impact on increased social capital.For both well-being measures,SRH mediated the relationship.The life satisfaction measure had a higher level of mediation of SRH than happiness,but social capital had a smaller direct impact on life satisfaction than on happiness.SRH was found to be partially mediating this relationship for both happiness and life satisfaction measures,which means that people with higher social capital reported feeling better off.
基金This article is sponsored by the Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 200902008), the Chinese Ministry of Education Humanity and Social Science Foundation (No. 10YJCZH127), the Chinese Social Science Foundation (No. 11CJY004), the Faculty Research Fund of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law (No. 31140910513), and the Central University Young Scholar Research Foundation of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law (No. 2609076).
文摘A theoretical framework based on information and embeddedness is constructed to analyze the micro structure of the impact of heterogeneous social capital on corporate performance. It is empirically tested based on data collected from a sample of 155 Chinese firms. Results indicate that hierarchical social capital has a positive association with corporate market power but little impact on corporate operational efficiency. Furthermore, social capital can promote operational efficiency but contribute little to corporate market power. There is a complementary structure between the two types of heterogeneous social capital. The embedded inertia of social capital into institutional environment is negatively related with corporate performance. From the perspective of economic transition, firms in developed regions rely far more on hierarchical social capital to acquire market power than firms in developing areas.
文摘This study uses an unbalanced panel data analysis to examine the effects of social capital, top executive attributes and R &D on firm value in Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Board from 2007 to 2011. There are several interesting findings. First, the gender (male) and academic degree of the chairperson in the SMEs have a positive and significant effect on firm value. Second, social capital (measured by politieal connections, managerial business association networks and technology association networks) and R&D have a positive effect on SME firm value. Third, the effect of politieal connections on firm value for state-owned enterprises (SOEs) is stronger than for non-SOEs, while the effect of business and technology networks on firm value for non-SOEs is stronger than for SOEs. Our study has important policy implications for SMEs that want to compete successfully in China.