Effect of non-pharmacological treatment on the full recovery of social functioning in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

BACKGROUND Long-term treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is associated with adverse events,such as nausea and vomiting,dizziness,and sleep disturbances,and poor maintenance of late ADHD medication compromises treatment outcomes and prolongs the recovery of patients’social functioning.AIM To evaluate the effect of non-pharmacological treatment on the full recovery of social functioning in patients with ADHD.METHODS A total of 90 patients diagnosed with ADHD between May 2019 and August 2020 were included in the study and randomly assigned to either the pharmacological group(methylphenidate hydrochloride and tomoxetine hydrochloride)or the non-pharmacological group(parental training,behavior modification,sensory integration therapy,and sand tray therapy),with 45 cases in each group.Outcome measures included treatment compliance,Swanson,Nolan,and Pelham,Version IV(SNAP-IV)scores,Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire(PSQ)scores,and Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale(WFIRS)scores.RESULTS The non-pharmacological interventions resulted in significantly higher compliance in patients(95.56%)compared with medication(71.11%)(P<0.05).However,no significant differences in SNAP-IV and PSQ scores,in addition to the learning/school,social activities,and adventure activities of the WFIRS scores were observed between the two groups(P>0.05).Patients with non-pharmacological interventions showed higher WFIRS scores for family,daily life skills,and self-concept than those in the pharmacological group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Non-pharmacological interventions,in contrast to the potential risks of adverse events after longterm medication,improve patient treatment compliance,alleviate patients’behavioral symptoms of attention,impulsivity,and hyperactivity,and improve their cognitive ability,thereby improving family relationships and patient self-evaluation.

Consumer satisfaction, quality of life and distress with regard to social function and gender in severe mental illness

OBJECTIVE. The relationships between subjective satisfaction, distress and quality of life for severely mental ill patients with different functional levels and gender was investigated in a multi-center cohort, using a balanced mix of subjective and clinician ratings in an outcome-informed model for a clinical management based on shared decision making, 'The Quality star'. METHODS. Naturalistic data for 2552 persons, mainly with schizophrenia diagnoses, in long-term treatment and rehabilitation, were analyzed in a cross-sectional study. RESULTS. With increasing Social Function, rated with the split-GAF Disability/Functioning scale, the better were patients' Satisfaction, subjective Quality of life and Perceived Global Distress. Women were more satisfied with the care but also more distressed. CONCLUSION. Main findings were in line with other studies. However, the gender differences are in line with some, but not with other, studies. This poses questions how patient factors, instrument constructs, and treatment, especially shared decision making, influence subjective reports.

Assessment on self-care, mobility and social function of children with spina bifida in Turkey

The aim of the study was to investigate the functional performance in children with spina bifida, using the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory(PEDI) to look into capacity of twenty-eight children with spina bifida with lesions at different levels in different dimensions of selfcare, mobility and social function. Mean age of the patients was 3.5 ± 2.3(1–10) years. In the muscle test carried out, 13 patients(44.8%) had no movements including pelvic elevation in lower extremity muscles and they were at level 5. Sixteen patients(54%) were non-ambulatory according to the Hoofer ambulation classification. Raw and scale scores in the self-care, mobility and social function domains both in the functional skill scale and in the caregiver scale were found to be lower compared to the data of the normal population. A statistically significant correlation was observed in the self-care values of the Functional Skills Scales and the Caregiver Assistance Scale measurements, which was positive for age and negative for Functional Ambulation Scale and muscle test(P < 0.05). A positive relation was found between the Functional Skills Scales-mobility area and age while a negative relation was observed between Functional Ambulation Scale and muscle test(P < 0.005). A negative relation was also found between Caregiver Assistance Scale-mobility and Functional Ambulation Scale and muscle test(P < 0.005). In our study, the functional performance of the children was found to be low. Low-level lesions, encouraging muscular strength and independence in mobility are all very important factors for functional independence.

Computerized cognitive remediation therapy on cognitive impairment and social function in patients with chronic schizophrenia

BACKGROUND Patients with schizophrenia may have various disease manifestations,most of which gradually tend toward incurable chronic decline,leading to mental disability.The basic symptoms of the disease can impair social function,whereas long-term hospitalization produces hospitalization syndrome,causing serious damage to social function.AIM To investigate the effects of Computerized Cognitive Remediation Therapy(CCRT)on cognitive and social functioning in patients with chronic schizophrenia.METHODS A retrospective analysis of 120 patients with chronic schizophrenia in Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center was performed.They were divided into an intervention group(60 cases treated with CCRT combined with conventional medication)and a control group(60 cases treated with conventional medication).After treatment,effects on cognitive function and social roles were observed in both groups.The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS)was used to assess the patients'psychiatric symptoms.The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST)was used to assess the patients'cognitive functioning,and the Social Functioning Scale for Psychiatric Inpatients(SSPI)was used to assess the social functioning of the inpatient psychiatric patients.RESULTS No significant differences were observed in the PANSS,WCST,and SSPI intergroup scores before treatment(P>0.05).After 2,4,and 6 wk of therapy,general psychopathological factors,positive symptoms,negative symptoms,and total PANSS scores of PANSS in the intervention group were lower than in the control group(P<0.05).After 2,4,and 6 wk of treatment,the number of false responses,number of persistent bugs,and total responses in the WCST were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group(P<0.05),and the amount of completed classification was significantly higher than in the control group(P<0.05).After 2,4,and 6 wk of therapy,the SSPI scores were significantly greater than those of the controls(P<0.05).After 6 wk of treatment,the efficacy rates of the control and intervention groups were 81.67%and 91.67%,respectively.The curative effect in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION CCRT can significantly improve cognitive function and social abilities in patients with chronic schizophrenia.

Relationship between primary caregivers’social support function,anxiety,and depression after interventional therapy for acute myocardial infarction patients

BACKGROUND An acute myocardial infarction(AMI)is often treated with direct coronary intervention and requires home-based rehabilitation.Caregivers of patients with AMI need adequate social support to maintain high-quality care;however,their social support function is low,and relevant indicators for intervention must be identified.AIM To analyze the correlation between social support for primary caregivers,their anxiety,and depression,when caring for patients with AMI after interventional therapy.METHODS Using convenience sampling,we selected 300 primary caregivers of patients with AMI who had undergone interventional therapy.The Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS),Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)were used to assess the primary caregivers.A Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlations between the SSRS,SAS,and SDS,and a multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing the low social support function of primary caregivers.The receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve(AUC)were used to evaluate the predictive ability of the SAS and SDS for low social support function in primary caregivers.RESULTS Considering the norm among Chinese people,AMI caregivers’objective support,subjective support,support utilization,and SSRS scores were lower,while their SAS and SDS scores were higher.The SSRS scores of female caregivers were higher than those of the male caregivers(t=2.123,P=0.035).The Pearson correlation analysis showed that objective support,subjective support,support utilization,and SSRS total scores were significantly correlated with both SAS(r=-0.414,-0.460,-0.416,-0.535)and SDS scores(r=-0.463,-0.379,-0.349,-0.472).Among the 300 AMI caregivers,56 cases(18.67%)had a low level of support function(SSRS≤22 points).Logistic regression model analysis showed that SAS and SDS were independent risk factors for low social support function of AMI caregivers,regardless of adjustment for other variables(P<0.05).SAS and SDS predicted that the AUC of AMI caregivers with low support function was 0.84,sensitivity was 67.9 and 71.4,and specificity was 84.0 and 70.9,respectively.CONCLUSION The social support function of the primary caregiver of patients with AMI after interventional therapy was lower and negatively correlated with anxiety and depression in the primary caregiver.

Urban spatial structure analysis:quantitative identification of urban social functions using building footprints

Analysis of urban spatial structures is an effective way to explain and solve increasingly serious urban problems.However,many of the existing methods are limited because of data quality and availability,and usually yield inaccurate results due to the unclear description of urban social functions.In this paper,we present an investigation on urban social function based spatial structure analysis using building footprint data.An improved turning function(TF)algorithm and a selforganizing clustering method are presented to generate the variable area units(VAUs)of high-homogeneity from building footprints as the basic research units.Based on the generated VAUs,five spatial metrics are then developed for measuring the morphological characteristics and the spatial distribution patterns of buildings in an urban block.Within these spatial metrics,three models are formulated for calculating the social function likelihoods of each urban block to describe mixed social functions in an urban block,quantitatively.Consequently,the urban structures can be clearly observed by an analysis of the spatial distribution patterns,the development trends,and the hierarchy of different social functions.The results of a case study conducted for Munich validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Identifying urban land use social functional units:a case study using OSM data

Urban land use is always the central focus of urban planners and policymakers when pursuing urban sustainable development.Currently,many studies have explored urban land use using satellite data,but few of them can identify the social function of land use through these data.In this research,OpenStreetMap(OSM)data are used to extract urban land use social functional units.Firstly,the OSM data are transferred to actual land use types based on the established mapping rules between OSM data and the urban land use classification standards.Then,the improved DBSCAN algorithm is applied with OSM data of the study area after estimating the parameters of the neighborhood radius(Eps)and the minimum polygons(MinPolys)based on the polygon density.With the two estimated parameters,the improved DBSCAN algorithm is used to cluster residential,commercial and public service land use social functional polygons of the OSM data.Following that,the clusters of the three land use types are processed into land use social functional units.The results show that OSM data perform well in determining these three land use social functional clusters using the improved DBSCAN algorithm,and the social functional units display obvious spatial features.

A Brief Study of the Pragmatic Functions of English Euphemism in Social Life

Euphemism,as a unique form in language expression,conveys a lot about the society and culture in which it exits.This paper studies the functions of euphemism and its application of euphemisms in social-cultural activities.

Relationship between Social Capital and Cognitive Functions among Community-Based Elderly

The concept of social capital encompasses all relationships and networks among people in a local community or society as a whole. It has been found to be associated with the health and daily living status of people. Furthermore, an association between social capital and cognitive functions among the elderly has been suggested in recent years. However, the number of such reports is very few. Hence, the present study aims to evaluate the relationship between social capital and cognitive functions among the elderly living in a local community in Japan. A questionnaire survey was administered to 192 elderly individuals belonging to 10 neighborhood elderly groups. A regression analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between cognitive functions and the level of engagement with the local community, after adjusting for age, gender, and symptoms of depression. Valid responses were collected from 145 participants (mean age: 75.3 years). An analysis of the data concerning the level of engagement with the local community revealed a significant difference in the cognitive function scores between the group of people who indicated that they had someone they could consult (n = 69) and the group that indicated they had no one to consult (n = 76) (regression coefficient: -0.61, p = 0.0038, 95% confidence interval: -1.02 to -0.20). This result indicates the existence of a significant correlation between social capital and cognitive functions of the elderly living in a local community. In future studies, we need to investigate the same with a larger number of participants from a wider geographical area, and by incorporating more indicators for a comprehensive evaluation of social capital.

Social learning contributions to the etiology and treatment of functional abdominal pain and inflammatory bowel disease in children and adults

This paper reviews empirical work on cognitive and social learning contributions to the etiology and treatment of illness behavior associated with functional abdominal pain and inflammatory bowel disease. A particular emphasis is placed on randomized controlled trials, the majority of which are multi-modal in orientation, incorporating elements of cognitive behavioral therapy, social learning, and relaxation. Based on this review, we offer methodological and clinical suggestions: (1) Research investigations should include adequate sample sizes, long-term follow-up assessments, and a credible, active control group. (2) Standard gastrointestinal practice should include, when appropriate, learning opportunities for patients and family members, for example, instruction regarding the encouragement of wellness behavior.

正念认知疗法联合个体化药物改善抑郁症伴躯体疼痛患者及其社会功能的临床研究

目的分析正念认知疗法联合个体化药物改善抑郁症伴躯体疼痛患者的临床症状及其社会功能的临床效果。方法选取2019年6月-2021年12月在本院临床心理科门诊及住院诊治抑郁症伴躯体疼痛患者76例,根据随机表法分为2组,对照组给予口服氟哌噻吨美利曲辛片与盐酸度洛西汀的疗法。研究组在对照组的基础上联合正念认知疗法记录并比较两组在治疗前后的抑郁状态、正念水平、疼痛程度、社会功能、生活质量及每日平均抗抑郁药物剂量情况。结果治疗3个月后,两组患者五因素正念问卷(FFMQ)评分5个因子、SF-36评分5项指标水平、VAS与SDSS评分及总分均提高(P<0.05),但是研究组患者中重度组、轻度组的FFMQ评分5个因子、SF-36评分5项指标水平、VAS与SDSS评分及总分分别高于对照组中重度组、轻度组(P<0.05)。结论正念认知疗法联合个体化药物可以有效地减轻抑郁症伴躯体疼痛患者的抑郁状态与疼痛程度,提高社会功能与生活质量,具有较高的临床价值。

ChatGPT智能文化建构与社会功能研究

ChatGPT4.0的出现不仅从技术基底的角度推动AIGC产业腾飞发展,其蕴含的智能文化也已初步显化,并以物质生产力的解放和自我进化的精神将现代社会重新紧密联结。从ChatGPT已展现出的能力看,其在泛在性教学补全社会教育、去沉积化传播社会资源、数智化解放生产力、类人化陪伴等社会功能上表现较为突出,并不断自我涌现,突破能力边界。智能文化的实质是在多层面进行的行业系统性数智化变革创新,我们要在双数化观念的推动下,打造现代数智化全媒体人才培养模式,引导新闻舆论工作发展,积极回应时代之变。

论湖南近代社会

湖南近代社会构成是湖南近代社会体系各组成部分中具有稳定的结构与秩序的基本状态和社会结构,主要包括人口、家庭、宗族、社群,它起着推动社会整体发展、形成社会情状面貌的基础性作用。湖南近代社会生活是湖南近代的个人、群体为满足多方面、多层次的需要而进行的全部生活活动,涵盖了湖南近代社会的个人、群体浅层次的日常生活活动和深层次的人际交往活动,如衣食住行、风俗礼仪、休闲娱乐等,呈现出中西结合、新旧混杂的发展特征和中西融合变通的价值趋向。湖南近代社会功能是在湖南近代社会构成的基础上满足湖南近代社会生活多重需要所须具有的功能,包括社会教化功能、社会救济功能、社会控制功能和社会治理功能。

明代中晚期民间饮茶习俗及其社会功能的探究——以明代小说戏曲材料为中心

明代广泛的饮茶行为在明代民间形成了丰富多彩的饮茶习俗,这些民间饮茶习俗罕有系统的记载,零散见于不同的文献。而明代中晚期的通俗小说戏曲发展蓬勃,这些文学作品生动记录了当时社会的日常生活状态,通过整理分析这些文学作品中的茶事活动,系统展示明代中晚期民间饮茶之习俗,探索当时饮茶习俗的社会功能。

康复期精神分裂症患者社会功能缺陷的影响因素分析

目的:分析康复期精神分裂症患者社会功能缺陷的影响因素。方法:回顾性选取2019年1月—2023年1月北京市朝阳区某社区医院精神科门诊收治的115例康复期精神分裂症患者作为研究对象,根据社会功能缺陷筛选量表评分分为社会功能缺陷组、非社会功能缺陷组,调查两组一般资料,分析康复期精神分裂症患者社会功能缺陷的影响因素。结果:115例康复期精神分裂症患者有社会功能缺陷85例,发生率为73.91%;Logistic回归分析显示,生活质量差、病耻感重、认知功能低均为康复期精神分裂症患者社会功能缺陷的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:康复期精神分裂症患者仍有较大概率存在社会功能缺陷,与患者生活质量差、病耻感重、认知功能低密切相关,临床需给予重视。