Generation Mechanism and Social Impact of Knowledge in the Era of"New Quality Productivity"

The changes in knowledge forms in the era of"new quality productivity"are closely related to the development of society.With the rise of the Internet,"the world of dataism is coming".The traditional knowledge production model is undergoing fundamental changes in structure and nature.The most prominent change is that knowledge is becoming increasingly inseparable from data networks.The collaborative production of knowledge based on the Internet is becoming increasingly common,and Wikipedia is a prominent example of this.Wikipedia makes the networked production of knowledge possible by utilizing collective intelligence and data connectivity.Wiki users are commonly referred to as"wiki".This paper conducted interviews with 30 Wiki users and used content analysis to statistically analyze the interview records,in order to study the significance and value of the Wiki knowledge production model for online users,and to glimpse the impact of the knowledge structure changes in the era of"dataism"on social change.

Optimizing Social Impact in Organizations:Concepts,Levers and Barriers

With the socio-economic change that has taken place over the last years,in addition to an increase in sustainability regulation,stakeholders have gained importance and organizations are more active in relation to generating social impact,but society demands more and better social impact from organizations.The objectives of this paper are to clarify the concepts of impact and social impact optimization,and to detect levers and barriers to help organizations optimize the social impact that they generate.A qualitative approach based on interviews with social impact leaders from organizations with different forms(big companies,small and medium-sized enterprises,corporate foundations,b-corps,community foundations,public and private foundations,associations and investing firms)is applied,together with focus groups with stakeholders from those organizations that are best practices.

Drawbacks of Social Impacts Assessment in Brazil: Is It Time for a New Approach?

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has shown a progressive improvement in addressing environmental impacts worldwide. However, EIA practice in Brazil and in other developing countries has been recognized as insufficient to deal with relevant issues related to the implementation of projects. One of the reasons found in the literature is related to the difficulties to integrate the biophysical environment and social issues within the decision-making process. In this paper, the practice of EIA in Brazil is analyzed in order to verify the relevance that social, cultural and economic impacts have been given for the acceptability of development projects. Firstly, a quality review of 23 randomly selected Environmental Impact Statements (EIS) from federal and state levels were checked in order to verify the range of social issues that have been encompassed. Secondly, seven EIS were scrutinized to check the adherence to international principles of Social Impact Assessment (SIA) best practices and guidelines applied to this instrument. The outcomes reveal a gap between the legal and empirical frameworks that describe the practice of SIA in Brazil and the main principles and guidelines for best practice in SIA. The paper concludes for the need to improve the effectiveness in the assessment of the social dimensions of environmental impacts in order to better inform the decisions. Also, the practice of EIA Brazil would benefit from guidelines for SIA and its integration to the EIA process.

THE SOCIAL IMPACTS OF TOURISM──A Case Study in Dali,Yunnan Province,China

ＴＨＥ ＳＯＣＩＡＬ ＩＭＰＡＣＴＳ ＯＦ ＴＯＵＲＩＳＭ──Ａ Ｃａｓｅ Ｓｔｕｄｙ ｉｎ Ｄａｌｉ，Ｙｕｎｎａｎ Ｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ，Ｃｈｉｎａ ＤａｉＦａｎ（戴凡）（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙａｎｄＰｌａｎｎｉｎｇ，Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓ...

Latent Variable Modeling Approach for Assessing Social Impacts of Mine Closure

Mining stimulates environmental and economic impacts on the neighboring community right from the inception to the closure of its operations. The society in the neighborhood of mining gradually adopts a characteristic life-style that is highly influenced by the mining. In order to sustain the societal development beyond the mine closure, it is necessary to plan post mining activities in the area. Thus, it is essential to predict the impacts of mine closure well before the closure. Many societal and family attributes are affected by mine closure. Impact on these attributes is reflected on the overall quality of life of the neighboring community. There are no adequate indicators and/or methodology available to measure social impacts of mine closure on a neighboring community. This paper made an attempt to develop such methodology to predict the degree of adverse effects of mine closure on the quality of life of neighboring communities using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and the Latent Variables Interaction Model (LVM).

Economic and Social Impact Assessment of the Alternatives to DDT Usage for Antifouling Paint Production in China

China is the only nation that uses DDT in antifouling pain at present, approximately 5% of DDT is applied as the additive of the antifouling paint production. Therefore, actions shall be taken urgently for banning the use of DDT and substituting with non-POPs alternatives in antifouling paints. The paper researches the social and economic backgrounds of DDT booster antifouling paint production and usage, analyzes the social and economic impact assessment of the alternatives to DDT usage for antifouling paint. The implementation of the project of alternatives will completely eliminate the adverse impact of DDT booster antifouling paint on terrestrial, marine ecosystem and human health. The broad use of alkali silicate and pepper alkali as substitutes will be feasible if appropriate measures will be taken to encourage their development, and the social and economic risk will be reduced to accepted levels.

Study on the Impact of Beijing-Shanghai Highspeed Railway on Highquality Economic and Social Development

Based on the new development concept in China's new stage of high-quality development,this paper qualitatively analyzes the impact of Beijing-Shanghai Highspeed Railway(HSR)on high-quality economic and social development.We select the data of areas along Beijing-Shanghai HSR and adjacent unopened areas for quantitative comparative study,and summarize the important demonstration and enlightenment role of Beijing-Shanghai HSR.The results show that Beijing-Shanghai HSR,as an important national infrastructure project,not only improves the travel quality of people,but also drives the high-quality economic and social development,which is of great significance in promoting the formation of a new pattern of high-quality development along the line,especially in promoting green development.

Physical, Psychological, and Social Health Impact of Temperature Rise Due to Urban Heat Island Phenomenon and Its Associated Factors

The Urban Heat Island Effect（UHI）has now become a commonly observed phenomenon worldwide.Indeed,it has become a significant environmental effect of urbanisation.In Malaysia,research results showed that UHI effects are very evident in several cities such as Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya.UHI effect has long been observed to cause temperature of cities.

Associated Factors and Impacts of Social Phobia on Academic Performance among Students from the University of Parakou (UP)

Background: Social phobia disrupts students in their academic career. The aim of this research work was to study this anxious disorder impact on the academic performance among students from the University of Parakou (UP). Study methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective data collection among 363 students recruited through systematic random sampling from April to June 2015 at the campus of the UP. A questionnaire including the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), the Liebowitz social anxiety intensity evaluation scale and the ASSIST was used for data collection in compliance with recommended ethical principles. Results and Conclusion Social phobia prevalence among students from the campus of University of Parakou was 11. 6% [CI95% = 10. 9 - 21. 2]. Its intensity was moderate (66.7%), medium (23.4%), severe (7.1%) and very severe (4.8%) only among female students. Moreover, gender, rural or urban living environment and field of study were statistically associated with this social phobia which reduced academic performance by 57.1%, among the studied population. However, 42.9% were not influenced in any way. Addiction to alcoholic beverages (23.8%) and anxiolytics (9.5%) were used to overcome the disorder. Although the risk of dependency to these substances was low, adverse effects on their health and socio-professional future were to be taken seriously.

A Study of the Residents’Perception on the Socio-cultural Impact of Coastal Tourism

In the process of tourism development,destination residents,as an important interest group,their perception and attitude towards the impact of tourism has a vital significance to the success of the development of coastal tourism industry.This research studies the perception and attitude to the socio-cultural impact of community residents who live in coastal tourism destination Qingdao through an empirical case study.The results of the study draw that residents’perception of positive influences produce positive effects on their attitude while perception of negative impact generates negative effects.Cluster analysis and descriptive statistical analysis were used to divide Qingdao community residents into four types,namely optimistic supporters,pessimistic opponents,rational supporters,and neutral.Through the different categories of demographic analysis and logistic regression model analysis,the influence degree of residents’subjective factors posed on tourism effect perception has been explored.The research adds a new applied case study for a comprehensive understanding of impacts of coastal tourism destinations.

Social Determinants of Health in Understanding the Socio-Economic Impacts of Covid-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh

Social determinants of health are some indicating factors such as income, education, class, gender, and race that influence the socio-economic status of people living in a society. Coronavirus affects the social, economic, and also political sectors of people all over the world. In Bangladesh, during the Covid-19 pandemic, people of all ages and classes have faced social and economic crises based on the social determinants of health. Higher-class families had the facility of advanced medical services rather than the lower and lower-middle classes. This article aims to show the relationship between the social determinants of health and the socio-economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. This paper presents some secondary data to describe the socio-economic impact of Covid-19 and the functions of the social determinants of health in this case.

类人想象与杂合属性:论人工智能的演进及社会影响

自提出人工智能理念起,它就被赋予诸多类人想象。人工智能的设计者不仅追求其形体上与人类相似,也试图使它在行为方式上接近人类。然而,人工智能与人类智能本质上具有相异性:前者是既往性的,后者是面向未来的;前者是逻辑运算,后者是意识活动;前者“领有”灵魂,后者“具有”灵魂。人工智能是依托于人与技术关系基础之上的人类与技术的杂合体,它的类人性将产生重要的社会影响:基于“数字革命”的类人性人工智能会导致人类再分层,并产生意想不到的社会后果;对类人性人工智能不加限制的使用,会使人类沉入“常人常言”与“知而不思”的境地;从生存论视角看,在类人性人工智能介入人类互动的情况下,会出现“频繁互动”与“孤独困境”的交流窘况。这些社会影响会在很大程度上改变人类的生存处境,需要给予认真对待。

开放科学环境下负责任评价实现路径研究

开放科学的发展正在改变学术交流生态,同时对传统科研评价产生挑战,对于科研评价创新的呼声也日益高涨。负责任评价(RRA)应时而生并成为开放科学政策框架的重要组成部分,而如何实现RRA成为关键问题。本文解析开放科学环境下的RRA内涵,总结国内外相关理论与实践进展,在此基础上尝试探索RRA的实现路径,以期为“破四唯”指导下的我国科研评价提供借鉴与参考。以典型内容文本为数据源,通过关键词提取和共现分析得出结论,即以研究质量和影响力为主维度,以知情同行评议为主基调,构成国际RRA改革的主要思路。在分析开放科学背景下我国学术交流新业态与RRA的基础上,提出我国RRA的三层结构框架。其中以识别科研新范式为情境,以改善宏观政策为支撑,以改革评价方式为实操,以评价主体多元化、评价内容多维化、评价对象精准化、评价方法循证化为路径,建立有利于潜心研究和创新的我国科研评价制度,并回答科研评价改革的必答题:“谁来评”“评什么”“如何评”“怎么用”。研究认为,建立质量意识、培育“影响素养”、达成评价系统变革的国际共识,从而提高RRA的互操作性和可移植性,避免相关理论与实践的碎片化是保证RRA顺利实施的关键;将负责任评价理念与实现路径本土化,营造有利于开放科学发展的学术交流环境,将成为我国图书情报工作的新使命。

大科学装置的建设运行、效应影响及经验启示:综述与评估

大科学装置具备重大科学意义、国家意义和社会意义,学界对大科学装置的关注与日俱增。基于科学引文索引数据库(WOS)和中国知网数据库(CNKI),对从社会科学角度研究重大科技基础设施的国内外文献进行搜集、筛选和编码,并展开系统分析和内容分析,对国内外重大科技基础设施研究进行系统全面梳理,把握整体研究脉络的同时,挖掘其研究特点。已有研究达成若干共识:大科学装置通过适应环境变化实现长期生存,对大科学装置的评估需要采用多维度、多手段的框架体系,大科学装置具有显著的科学效应和经济社会影响,但资源开放共享仍有不足。进一步对研究特征、演进逻辑和理论联系进行探讨发现,政府、高校与企业等主体间关系,对我国重大科技基础设施效率水平评估以及如何选择重大科技基础设施建设模式与运营模式从而提升效率具有重要作用,是未来研究的重中之重。其中,政府角色及边界是大科学装置研究中最核心的问题,管理模式与治理结构、产出评价和资源共享乃至各种影响效应在很大程度上均由其决定。

解构与重构:重新认识ESG

对ESG的认知分歧与偏离是引发现实中企业ESG实践出现异化和错位的重要原因,推动ESG健康发展亟须深化对ESG的认识。本文深度透视了单一主体视角的评价观、双重主体视角的评价观、单一主体视角的行为观、双重主体视角的行为观等四类ESG定义,从双向影响管理角度和内嵌动力、内容、方式三位一体的构成角度对ESG概念进行了重新界定,认为ESG是以新的方式开展组织运营,是组织意愿、行为和绩效的综合体,是各元素统一于可持续发展目标之下的整体。超越既有的等同论、替代论和协同论观点,从纵向演化和横向比较视角将ESG与企业社会责任的关系重新定位为企业社会责任的高级形态或者企业社会责任实践的高阶范式,认为其在前置理念、核心目标、本质要求和管理内容上较既有企业社会责任形态实现了实质性突破和超越,属于共益均衡型企业社会责任范式,即CSR4.0。在此基础上,从内容边界和行为边界双重视角对ESG范围边界进行了重新界定,提出环境维度、社会维度和治理维度的内容边界界定思路,构建了由底线边界、理想边界、挖潜边界、释能边界和权衡边界构成的ESG行为边界模型。

学术成果宏观评价的新探索——评《中国人文社科成果的国际影响力研究》

构建公正合理的学术评价体系是学术研究健康发展的要旨。加强中国人文社科学术成果国际影响力评价研究,不仅有利于我国人文社科学术研究的发展,还有助于弘扬中华文化,提高国家文化软实力和国际话语权。武汉大学杨思洛教授等的新作《中国人文社科成果的国际影响力研究》一书结构系统,内容翔实,系统地讨论了中国人文社科成果国际影响力评价这一主题,在理论研究、评价方法和学术观点方面均有新意,是学术成果宏观评价的新探索。

话题性、可见性与学术影响:来自热点论文的三元分析

[目的/意义]分析热点论文的话题性、可见性与学术影响的相互关系及特征,着重探究社交媒体在学术交流中的促进作用,为合理使用Altmetrics指标、科学评价学术成果提供借鉴。[方法/过程]提取Altmetric热点论文的传播数据,进行描述性统计、相关性分析、构造回归模型,就高Tweets论文的话题特征,如论文的话题性、可见性和学术影响对科学交流的影响进行讨论。[结果/结论]研究结果显示,Dimensions citations与Altmetrics指标间存在正相关关系,其中与Mendeley相关系数最大,可用作测度科研成果与社会公众产生的共鸣,媒体报道在一定程度上提升了科研成果的可见性;News mentions、Blog mentions、Tweets、Facebook mentions、Reddit mentions、Mendeley readers 6个指标对Dimensions citations产生影响;热点论文的开放获取及其研究主题的强“话题性”,增加其社交媒体上的“可见性”,话题因素对科学面向社会公众的传播产生影响。