Generation Mechanism and Social Impact of Knowledge in the Era of"New Quality Productivity"

The changes in knowledge forms in the era of"new quality productivity"are closely related to the development of society.With the rise of the Internet,"the world of dataism is coming".The traditional knowledge production model is undergoing fundamental changes in structure and nature.The most prominent change is that knowledge is becoming increasingly inseparable from data networks.The collaborative production of knowledge based on the Internet is becoming increasingly common,and Wikipedia is a prominent example of this.Wikipedia makes the networked production of knowledge possible by utilizing collective intelligence and data connectivity.Wiki users are commonly referred to as"wiki".This paper conducted interviews with 30 Wiki users and used content analysis to statistically analyze the interview records,in order to study the significance and value of the Wiki knowledge production model for online users,and to glimpse the impact of the knowledge structure changes in the era of"dataism"on social change.

Optimizing Social Impact in Organizations:Concepts,Levers and Barriers

With the socio-economic change that has taken place over the last years,in addition to an increase in sustainability regulation,stakeholders have gained importance and organizations are more active in relation to generating social impact,but society demands more and better social impact from organizations.The objectives of this paper are to clarify the concepts of impact and social impact optimization,and to detect levers and barriers to help organizations optimize the social impact that they generate.A qualitative approach based on interviews with social impact leaders from organizations with different forms(big companies,small and medium-sized enterprises,corporate foundations,b-corps,community foundations,public and private foundations,associations and investing firms)is applied,together with focus groups with stakeholders from those organizations that are best practices.

Macroeconomic and Social Impacts of Economic Partnership Agreements on Ivorian Economy： A New Assessment

This study reassesses the macroeconomic and social impacts of Economic Partnership Agreements （EPAs） on Ivorian economy using Computable General Equilibrium （CGE） model with positive externalities of public investment in education, health, and economic infrastructure. Previous studies highlight negative effect of these agreements stressing particularly on losses in government revenues due to the removal of all tariffs on imports. This analysis aims to provide some insight into this question by refreshing the debate to show how this situation could be transformed into opportunities for Ivory Coast in order to promote growth and reduce poverty. To do so, this study postulates that government spending （investment） in economic infrastructure （roads, bridges, communication network, etc.）, in education and health sectors produces positive externalities in each industry. This assumption has not been set anymore in previous studies. Simulation results reveal that, despite this decline in government revenues, if it invests in economic infrastructure, health and education sector, EPAs will generate more revenue for government due to the rise in income tax on firms and households, and tax on overall production. Furthermore, household income will increase which will in turn stimulate （final） consumption. There won＇t also be a decline in economic growth.

Environmental and Social Impacts of Mini-hydropower Plants--A Case Study from Sri Lanka

This research study was conducted to review the environmental and social impact of mini hydropower plants （run-of-the-river type） by selecting Denawaka Ganga mini hydropower plant, which is located in Ratnapura district, Sri Lanka. Field visits and discussions among the authors, authorities and the residents were carried out. Then, the environmental and social impacts were scientifically analysed using regulation degree （RD） and environmental impact value （EIV） scores. It was found out that the Denawaka Ganga mini hydropower plant has induced some environmental concerns; however, significant positive social impact to the society. This is in addition to the green energy generation. Therefore, it can be concluded herein that the Denawaka Ganga mini hydropower is an asset to the country, Sri Lanka.

Drawbacks of Social Impacts Assessment in Brazil: Is It Time for a New Approach?

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has shown a progressive improvement in addressing environmental impacts worldwide. However, EIA practice in Brazil and in other developing countries has been recognized as insufficient to deal with relevant issues related to the implementation of projects. One of the reasons found in the literature is related to the difficulties to integrate the biophysical environment and social issues within the decision-making process. In this paper, the practice of EIA in Brazil is analyzed in order to verify the relevance that social, cultural and economic impacts have been given for the acceptability of development projects. Firstly, a quality review of 23 randomly selected Environmental Impact Statements (EIS) from federal and state levels were checked in order to verify the range of social issues that have been encompassed. Secondly, seven EIS were scrutinized to check the adherence to international principles of Social Impact Assessment (SIA) best practices and guidelines applied to this instrument. The outcomes reveal a gap between the legal and empirical frameworks that describe the practice of SIA in Brazil and the main principles and guidelines for best practice in SIA. The paper concludes for the need to improve the effectiveness in the assessment of the social dimensions of environmental impacts in order to better inform the decisions. Also, the practice of EIA Brazil would benefit from guidelines for SIA and its integration to the EIA process.

THE SOCIAL IMPACTS OF TOURISM──A Case Study in Dali,Yunnan Province,China

Ancient town Dali is located in northwest Yunnan Province. With its ancient history and natural scenery,it is preserved as one of the first 24 historical and cultural towns in China. Dali has become one of the most popular attractions for foreign tourists since it had its first foreign visitors in 1983.As a result,English came into the life of the local people.This paper presents and explains the results of questionnaires and interviews about Dan people’s attitude toward learning English.Three types of questionnaires were designed to local businessmen,local residents and foreign tourists.Interviews were also given whenever possible.In this study,businessmen in Dali were divided into two distinct groups. One group had their business in“Foreigners’Street”,which was in front of Hongshancha Hotel where many foreign tourists stayed. Another group had business in Fuxin Street, which was vertically across“Foreigners’Street”.The 41 shops and restaurants in“Foreigners’Street”served mainly foreign visitors,and most of them had English names and advertisements. The 353 shops and restaurants in Fuxin Street mainly catered for domestic visitors but also served more and more overseas ones.Subjects from local residents were mostly young people because aging ones were apparently not much affected by English. The results of the study showed that the oral English levels became lower from“Foreigners’Street”to Fuxin Street to local residents,due to declining frequency of contact with foreign people.There were also distinct differences in general English level, the understanding of the importance of English,the purposes of communicating with foreign tourists,the willingness and purposes of going on The project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.learning English between businessmen in“Foreigners’Street”and Fuxin Street:people in“Foreigners’Street”had more positive feedback than those in Fuxin Street because their constant contact with foreigners required them to speak better English which enabled them to exchange with foreigners in many aspects,which in turn help them to know more about other cultures. On the other hand,Fuxin Street businessmen would catch up with more and more prospective contact with overseas people.Though local residents had nothing to do with foreign tourists,they met them in the street every day and might have to talk with them in unexpected ways.They lived in a place where they saW English advertisement every day. Accordingly,study results showed that they were very much motivated to learn English. They showed even stronger desire to learn more English than businessmen in “Foreigners’Street”,though many of them were too young to tell why English was so important for them. This is an indication that English has become part of the necessary education for young people in Dan. With the development of tourism, Dali is gradually becoming a place where Chinese culture and western culture meet and coexist.

Latent Variable Modeling Approach for Assessing Social Impacts of Mine Closure

Mining stimulates environmental and economic impacts on the neighboring community right from the inception to the closure of its operations. The society in the neighborhood of mining gradually adopts a characteristic life-style that is highly influenced by the mining. In order to sustain the societal development beyond the mine closure, it is necessary to plan post mining activities in the area. Thus, it is essential to predict the impacts of mine closure well before the closure. Many societal and family attributes are affected by mine closure. Impact on these attributes is reflected on the overall quality of life of the neighboring community. There are no adequate indicators and/or methodology available to measure social impacts of mine closure on a neighboring community. This paper made an attempt to develop such methodology to predict the degree of adverse effects of mine closure on the quality of life of neighboring communities using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and the Latent Variables Interaction Model (LVM).

Economic and Social Impact Assessment of the Alternatives to DDT Usage for Antifouling Paint Production in China

China is the only nation that uses DDT in antifouling pain at present, approximately 5% of DDT is applied as the additive of the antifouling paint production. Therefore, actions shall be taken urgently for banning the use of DDT and substituting with non-POPs alternatives in antifouling paints. The paper researches the social and economic backgrounds of DDT booster antifouling paint production and usage, analyzes the social and economic impact assessment of the alternatives to DDT usage for antifouling paint. The implementation of the project of alternatives will completely eliminate the adverse impact of DDT booster antifouling paint on terrestrial, marine ecosystem and human health. The broad use of alkali silicate and pepper alkali as substitutes will be feasible if appropriate measures will be taken to encourage their development, and the social and economic risk will be reduced to accepted levels.

Study on the Impact of Beijing-Shanghai Highspeed Railway on Highquality Economic and Social Development

Based on the new development concept in China's new stage of high-quality development,this paper qualitatively analyzes the impact of Beijing-Shanghai Highspeed Railway(HSR)on high-quality economic and social development.We select the data of areas along Beijing-Shanghai HSR and adjacent unopened areas for quantitative comparative study,and summarize the important demonstration and enlightenment role of Beijing-Shanghai HSR.The results show that Beijing-Shanghai HSR,as an important national infrastructure project,not only improves the travel quality of people,but also drives the high-quality economic and social development,which is of great significance in promoting the formation of a new pattern of high-quality development along the line,especially in promoting green development.

Physical, Psychological, and Social Health Impact of Temperature Rise Due to Urban Heat Island Phenomenon and Its Associated Factors

The Urban Heat Island Effect（UHI）has now become a commonly observed phenomenon worldwide.Indeed,it has become a significant environmental effect of urbanisation.In Malaysia,research results showed that UHI effects are very evident in several cities such as Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya.UHI effect has long been observed to cause temperature of cities.

Associated Factors and Impacts of Social Phobia on Academic Performance among Students from the University of Parakou (UP)

Background: Social phobia disrupts students in their academic career. The aim of this research work was to study this anxious disorder impact on the academic performance among students from the University of Parakou (UP). Study methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective data collection among 363 students recruited through systematic random sampling from April to June 2015 at the campus of the UP. A questionnaire including the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), the Liebowitz social anxiety intensity evaluation scale and the ASSIST was used for data collection in compliance with recommended ethical principles. Results and Conclusion Social phobia prevalence among students from the campus of University of Parakou was 11. 6% [CI95% = 10. 9 - 21. 2]. Its intensity was moderate (66.7%), medium (23.4%), severe (7.1%) and very severe (4.8%) only among female students. Moreover, gender, rural or urban living environment and field of study were statistically associated with this social phobia which reduced academic performance by 57.1%, among the studied population. However, 42.9% were not influenced in any way. Addiction to alcoholic beverages (23.8%) and anxiolytics (9.5%) were used to overcome the disorder. Although the risk of dependency to these substances was low, adverse effects on their health and socio-professional future were to be taken seriously.

开放科学环境下负责任评价实现路径研究

开放科学的发展正在改变学术交流生态,同时对传统科研评价产生挑战,对于科研评价创新的呼声也日益高涨。负责任评价(RRA)应时而生并成为开放科学政策框架的重要组成部分,而如何实现RRA成为关键问题。本文解析开放科学环境下的RRA内涵,总结国内外相关理论与实践进展,在此基础上尝试探索RRA的实现路径,以期为“破四唯”指导下的我国科研评价提供借鉴与参考。以典型内容文本为数据源,通过关键词提取和共现分析得出结论,即以研究质量和影响力为主维度,以知情同行评议为主基调,构成国际RRA改革的主要思路。在分析开放科学背景下我国学术交流新业态与RRA的基础上,提出我国RRA的三层结构框架。其中以识别科研新范式为情境,以改善宏观政策为支撑,以改革评价方式为实操,以评价主体多元化、评价内容多维化、评价对象精准化、评价方法循证化为路径,建立有利于潜心研究和创新的我国科研评价制度,并回答科研评价改革的必答题:“谁来评”“评什么”“如何评”“怎么用”。研究认为,建立质量意识、培育“影响素养”、达成评价系统变革的国际共识,从而提高RRA的互操作性和可移植性,避免相关理论与实践的碎片化是保证RRA顺利实施的关键;将负责任评价理念与实现路径本土化,营造有利于开放科学发展的学术交流环境,将成为我国图书情报工作的新使命。

A Study of the Residents’Perception on the Socio-cultural Impact of Coastal Tourism

In the process of tourism development,destination residents,as an important interest group,their perception and attitude towards the impact of tourism has a vital significance to the success of the development of coastal tourism industry.This research studies the perception and attitude to the socio-cultural impact of community residents who live in coastal tourism destination Qingdao through an empirical case study.The results of the study draw that residents’perception of positive influences produce positive effects on their attitude while perception of negative impact generates negative effects.Cluster analysis and descriptive statistical analysis were used to divide Qingdao community residents into four types,namely optimistic supporters,pessimistic opponents,rational supporters,and neutral.Through the different categories of demographic analysis and logistic regression model analysis,the influence degree of residents’subjective factors posed on tourism effect perception has been explored.The research adds a new applied case study for a comprehensive understanding of impacts of coastal tourism destinations.

类人想象与杂合属性:论人工智能的演进及社会影响

自提出人工智能理念起,它就被赋予诸多类人想象。人工智能的设计者不仅追求其形体上与人类相似,也试图使它在行为方式上接近人类。然而,人工智能与人类智能本质上具有相异性:前者是既往性的,后者是面向未来的;前者是逻辑运算,后者是意识活动;前者“领有”灵魂,后者“具有”灵魂。人工智能是依托于人与技术关系基础之上的人类与技术的杂合体,它的类人性将产生重要的社会影响:基于“数字革命”的类人性人工智能会导致人类再分层,并产生意想不到的社会后果;对类人性人工智能不加限制的使用,会使人类沉入“常人常言”与“知而不思”的境地;从生存论视角看,在类人性人工智能介入人类互动的情况下,会出现“频繁互动”与“孤独困境”的交流窘况。这些社会影响会在很大程度上改变人类的生存处境,需要给予认真对待。

Social Determinants of Health in Understanding the Socio-Economic Impacts of Covid-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh

Social determinants of health are some indicating factors such as income, education, class, gender, and race that influence the socio-economic status of people living in a society. Coronavirus affects the social, economic, and also political sectors of people all over the world. In Bangladesh, during the Covid-19 pandemic, people of all ages and classes have faced social and economic crises based on the social determinants of health. Higher-class families had the facility of advanced medical services rather than the lower and lower-middle classes. This article aims to show the relationship between the social determinants of health and the socio-economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. This paper presents some secondary data to describe the socio-economic impact of Covid-19 and the functions of the social determinants of health in this case.

解构与重构:重新认识ESG

对ESG的认知分歧与偏离是引发现实中企业ESG实践出现异化和错位的重要原因,推动ESG健康发展亟须深化对ESG的认识。本文深度透视了单一主体视角的评价观、双重主体视角的评价观、单一主体视角的行为观、双重主体视角的行为观等四类ESG定义,从双向影响管理角度和内嵌动力、内容、方式三位一体的构成角度对ESG概念进行了重新界定,认为ESG是以新的方式开展组织运营,是组织意愿、行为和绩效的综合体,是各元素统一于可持续发展目标之下的整体。超越既有的等同论、替代论和协同论观点,从纵向演化和横向比较视角将ESG与企业社会责任的关系重新定位为企业社会责任的高级形态或者企业社会责任实践的高阶范式,认为其在前置理念、核心目标、本质要求和管理内容上较既有企业社会责任形态实现了实质性突破和超越,属于共益均衡型企业社会责任范式,即CSR4.0。在此基础上,从内容边界和行为边界双重视角对ESG范围边界进行了重新界定,提出环境维度、社会维度和治理维度的内容边界界定思路,构建了由底线边界、理想边界、挖潜边界、释能边界和权衡边界构成的ESG行为边界模型。

脑机接口技术重点领域应用及其社会影响

近年来,脑机接口技术进展迅速,已经成为当今科技的前沿热点、商业投资的热点和社会关注的焦点。本文系统梳理脑机接口技术在医疗健康、军事及航天、教育、娱乐与艺术等领域的应用,分析该技术可能带来的社会效益,并对其在身心安全、技术不确定性与滥用、民众认知与社会心态等方面潜在的负面影响进行综合研判,提出应对建议。

极端降雨条件下淤地坝系溃决损失计算方法

近年来,由于自身“服役”状态欠佳和汛期极端降雨天气频发,淤地坝在发挥综合效益的同时面临着溃决风险。这对下游人民生命财产和生态环境保护造成极大威胁。因此,亟需提出极端降雨条件下淤地坝系溃决损失的定量计算方法。基于“家谱法”坝系溃决风险分析程序FT-IWHR、溃口流量程序DB-IWHR、一维洪水演进计算程序,提出淤地坝系溃决—洪水演进全过程计算方法,结合李—周法生命损失计算模型等,构建涵盖生命损失、经济损失、社会环境影响3方面的溃决损失计算方法体系;并在西五色浪流域淤地坝系进行应用。结果表明:警报时间对生命损失数量影响极大,充分警报和无警报下生命损失数量相差10倍左右且降雨量超过100年一遇后损失激增,坝系以中小型淤地坝溃决为主。溃决损失计算方法可实现对淤地坝系溃决损失进行快速量化评估,为淤地坝系安全度汛和病险坝除险加固工作提供技术支撑,同时建议西五色浪流域做好中小型淤地坝的溃决风险防控工作。

渎职罪的不法构造与解释方向

面对渎职罪中“重大损失”要件引发的各种问题,刑法学有必要站在渎职罪本质的高度重新审视其不法构造,进而锚定司法适用的基本方向。客观的超过要素说、内在的客观处罚条件说、“中间项”的结果型情状说等既有方案,没有摆脱结果犯的固有思维,均难以从根本上消除与“重大损失”要件相关的理论困境。在渎职犯罪领域,我国刑法采用的独立型立法模式凸显了对公务活动公正性这一“中间层法益”的专属保护,相较于依附型模式更能契合现代社会提前预防系统性风险的治理需要。欲充分发挥该模式所蕴含的优势,需要将渎职罪的不法评价重心从人身、财产法益转移到公务行为公正性法益上,从死伤、财产损失等结果转移到渎职行为本身的情节上。当前,司法者完全可以在条文语义可容许的范围内,遵循以渎职行为和公务行为公正性为核心的解释方向,不宜将“造成恶劣社会影响”认定为渎职罪的入罪标准。

大科学装置的建设运行、效应影响及经验启示:综述与评估

大科学装置具备重大科学意义、国家意义和社会意义,学界对大科学装置的关注与日俱增。基于科学引文索引数据库(WOS)和中国知网数据库(CNKI),对从社会科学角度研究重大科技基础设施的国内外文献进行搜集、筛选和编码,并展开系统分析和内容分析,对国内外重大科技基础设施研究进行系统全面梳理,把握整体研究脉络的同时,挖掘其研究特点。已有研究达成若干共识:大科学装置通过适应环境变化实现长期生存,对大科学装置的评估需要采用多维度、多手段的框架体系,大科学装置具有显著的科学效应和经济社会影响,但资源开放共享仍有不足。进一步对研究特征、演进逻辑和理论联系进行探讨发现,政府、高校与企业等主体间关系,对我国重大科技基础设施效率水平评估以及如何选择重大科技基础设施建设模式与运营模式从而提升效率具有重要作用,是未来研究的重中之重。其中,政府角色及边界是大科学装置研究中最核心的问题,管理模式与治理结构、产出评价和资源共享乃至各种影响效应在很大程度上均由其决定。