Determinants of Positive Mental Health in Adolescents–A Cross-Sectional Study on Relationships between Positive Mental Health, Self-Esteem, Character Strengths and Social Inclusion

Adolescence is a crucial time period with especial vulnerability for development of mental health problems.Growing interest is focusing on the determinants of positive mental health in order to find the key concepts that could be influenced in the promotion of mental well-being of adolescents.In this study we aim to explore the relations between self-esteem,character strengths and experience of social inclusion as determinants of adolescents’positive mental health controlled for selected sociodemographic background factors.The study population(n=195)consisted of comprehensive school students who filled in an electronic questionnaire of adolescent’s mental well-being in Fall 2019.The questionnaire included measures of Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale(WEMWBS),VIA Youth-measure 96,Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Experience of Social Inclusion Scale.The methods included group comparisons and General Linear Model computed by SPSS 24.0.The strongest association was found between positive mental health and self-esteem(β=0.789,p<0.001),followed by character strengths of hope and kindness and experience of social inclusion.Interestingly,family’s socioeconomic factors did not associate significantly with positive mental health in the final statistical model.In terms of our results,it seems that self-esteem,character strengths and experience of social inclusion might have stronger association with adolescents’mental well-being than family’s socioeconomic determinants.Therefore,it should be discussed whether psychological determinants overcome the individual effect of poor socioeconomic status as factors that influence positive mental health.Further studies are needed to establish these results more firmly.

Understanding the Link:Emotional Attention in Italian Families and Children’s Social Development

Background:Emotional attention refers to the capacity to recognize and properly respond to one’s and others’emotional states.On another note,family is a primary source of socialization that influences the development of various social skills.In another line,adolescence is a complex stage that has been associated with emotional difficulties that could be related to competences such as prosociability and inclusion.It is inferred that through the family context and the attention that is processed,a series of competencies are transmitted to the youngsters,but this relationship is still unclear.For this reason,the study’s purpose was to examine the relationship between the emotional attention of mothers and fathers and the social and prosocial competencies of their children.Methods:To accomplish this,a cross-sectional study and ex post facto design were conducted.The Trait-Meta Mood Scale(TMMS-24)-to assess emotional attention-,the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ)-to determine the prosociality dimension-,and the Test on Passing Developmental Tasks in Adolescence(TCS-A)-to measure social inclusionwere administered.The participants were N=228 families composed of n=114 mothers/fathers(67.5%females)and n=114 daughters/sons(38.5%females)selected through non-probabilistic sampling using a convenience sample in the Bari region of Italy.A descriptive and inferential analysis-Student’s test and Pearson’s correlation-was performed with the statistic package SPSS version 28(significance level p<0.05).Results:The findings showed that the families possessed an adequate background in emotional attention and that their daughters and sons were also generally well-adjusted in social inclusion and prosociality.It also found certain signs that the prosocial competence of the children could be related to the behavior of their mothers and fathers.Conclusion:In conclusion,social inclusion is related to prosocial behavior,and maybe primarily cultivated within families where parents’emotional self-regulation serves as a model for children although further research is necessary.Comparative studies between different cultures are also proposed.

Disability and Social Inclusion:The Blind Songstress in Early Twentieth-Century Guangzhou

This article examines disability as a contested notion of social inclusion by focusing on the blind songstress(guji)in early twentieth-century Guangzhou(Canton).Through personal memoirs,the print press,and institutional documents,this article reconstructs the social life of guyji as their experiences intersected with professional community,workplace,and charity.First,I show that the adoption of blind girls from families into training guilds managed by veteran guji was a chosen kinship strategy for blind women since the late Qing period.Second,the commercial sponsorship of guji following the establishment of the Republic not only expanded working opportunities for blind women but also exposed,their vulnerability to male-dominated entertainment spheres.Third,the reformist critique of guji as an inappropriate form of sex-related consumption pushed the nascent military government to collaborate with foreign missionaries in“rescuing”blind girls from their professional households.The experiences of guji thus reveal competing ideas of what qualified a disabled person to become a member of society at the beginning of the twentieth century,as work-based inclusion gave way to charitable inclusion as an outcome of shifting social attitudes toward the employment of women with disabilities.

Increasing Social Inclusion for the Children of Migrant Workers in Shanghai,China:A Four-Year Longitudinal Study of a Non-Governmental,Volunteer-Led,After-School Program

In Shanghai,a mega-city of approximately 24.15 million people(Shanghai Municipal Statistics Bureau,2015,“Art.13”),the population of migrant workers continues to increase.According to the Shanghai Municipal Statistics Bureau(2015),as of 2015,9.81 million residents did not have household registration papers.Of these,70%,or 6.87 million were migrant workers(“Art.13”).The researcher relied on qualitative research techniques to explore the outcomes of an after-school program for the children of migrant workers.The study took place over a four-year period with data being collected throughout.Keeping in mind methodology limitations,the analysis affirmed the success of the hoped for outcomes of the program.

Sustainable Water Management Through Pani Panchayats: Stakeholder Perspectives from Angul and Dhenkanal Districts of Odisha

This study evaluates the impact of the Pani Panchayat initiative, a community-based water management program, in the Angul and Dhenkanal districts of Odisha. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, we gathered qualitative and quantitative data through structured interviews with diverse stakeholders, focus group discussions, and surveys. The findings indicate that the Angul district exhibited higher levels of fair elections and improved water access due to better canal maintenance, while the Dhenkanal district faced challenges from industrial water usage. The study also examines the potential of technological advancements, such as real-time water monitoring, to enhance governance. By identifying synergies and gaps with existing water policies, the research provides policy recommendations to promote sustainable water management in alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals 2030.

Education As an Instrument for an Active Social Policy： Assumptions, Performance, and Prospects

The crisis of the welfare state caused the change of the approach to the policy of social protection and the tools of its realization in countries of EU. The present trend consists in the transfer of the responsibility for the welfare of the society from the state to local autonomies, businessmen, and, first of all, people themselves. A basic assignment of the present social policy is building active attitudes of persons and families being found in a difficult situation. Help in this has to be： the realization of the watchword work instead of benefit and the broadly understood education as the protection （guarantee） against life risks. Therefore, the author undertook synthesis of the current sociological knowledge on the change of an approach to social policy objectives formulation. Using qualitative methods, she analyzed the content of literature comprising （showing） discourses on the opportunities and constraints associated with the modernization of the existing social policy and selected EU documents.

The Road to the Integration of International Migrants： The Case of the Work Integration Social Enterprises

This paper reports some first results obtained from a study conducted on work integration social enterprises （WISEs） in the framework of the social and solidarity economy （SSE） and the integration of international migrants. WISEs, as hybrid transit companies, go beyond a pure economic rationale, enabling labor and social inclusion for disadvantaged groups, international migrants included, through an insertion process in a real job performance environment. Therefore, WISEs should be understood as valuable mechanisms for achieving optimal levels of personal empowerment and social and labor integration in their active use and enhancement of these employees＇ capacities and competences. All of these aspects of WISEs have an impact on social justice in helping construct a more inclusive growth and society and foster the integration of international migrants.

Social Exclusion Moved Horizon Elderly Social Integration Research

Social Exclusion in the 1990s is emerging social theory in Europe, mainly for research on poverty and social inequality, social exclusion theory unequal distribution of social welfare resources members regarded as some members of society by society rejection phenomenon. Social exclusion is not conducive to social stability, but also contrary to the principles of social justice. System design of social security system, and moved to the old man＇s identity decided they were excluded from the system, therefore, how to eliminate the exclusion, achieve equitable social security has become a very real problem.

Women in a Urban Zone Experience Against Covid

The two-year follow-up as participating observer at the Urban Zone training group and WhatsApp related platform,took place in Roseto degli Abruzzi-a small seaside town in Abruzzi,Italy,during the pandemic crisis for Covid-19.This experience has been a way to keep training despite the pandemic confinement,but it has also become a kind of self-help and therapeutic group.The conditions for its implementation are linked to the impossibility of any indoor sports and also the fact that the online lessons were not very successful.Urban Zone is an outdoor activity that can be carried out in the urban context,whose peculiarity is the opening of the gyms training to the urban or natural outdoor space,through wireless headphones(so people could respect the 2-meter social distancing implied in the prevention measures for Covid-19)in which the music and the trainer instruction can be heard.

Support for Independent Work： Use of Cell Phones by the Intellectually Disabled in Their Daily Lives

This paper presents a technological solution to promote and help independent access to work for disabled people. The aim is to develop a form of technical assistance that supports them in the control of schedules, prevention of dangerous areas in the work place, warnings and automatic alarm generation. The device chosen to exchange all this information is a smartphone based on Android Operating System and GPS （Global Positioning System） technology mainly. A set of Android applications has been developed using Java language, and controlling the device via Google-developed Java libraries. All of them are connected to the Server Application through the Communications Module. The Server Application Module provides the assistants or psychologists the possibility of supervise all the handicapped people activities. The assistants, psychologists and users have all evaluated the application very positively as it covers disabled people＇s needs perfectly.

Why Spatial Planning Often Fails to Control the Spreading Locations of Large Scale Commercial Facilities？

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the mechanism of planning failure on land use control in case of sprawl developments of large scale commercial facilities, which is often seen in many countries. The author demonstrates actual three cases in Japan： a huge commercial development established in the middle of rice field between the two local cities, two huge commercial accumulations established at the opposite fringes of urban area, and many large commercial developments established one by one within the small municipalities surrounding a central city. And by examining the statistical sales amount, the author describes that these huge suburban commercial developments apparently deprived the sales of the downtown. Through analyzing these cases, the author empirically stated that for the motorized local cites, the optimum location of commercial accumulation is no longer the central area of the city but about 15 min away from the center with the smooth accessible arterial road. At last, the author mentions that the ＂planning failure＂ could be occurred if the territory of planning authority and the scale of the development are inconsistent, such as the authority of small municipal government and the large scale commercial facility which impacts beyond the municipal boundary.

Assessing intersectional gender analysis in Nepal’s health management information system:a case study on tuberculosis for inclusive health systems

Background Tuberculosis(TB)remains a major public health problem in Nepal,high in settings marked by prevalent gender and social inequities.Various social stratifiers intersect,either privileging or oppressing individuals based on their characteristics and contexts,thereby increasing risks,vulnerabilities and marganilisation associated with TB.This study aimed to assess the inclusiveness of gender and other social stratifiers in key health related national policies and the Health Management Information System(HMIS)of National Tuberculosis Programme(NTP)by conducting an intersectional analysis of TB cases recorded via HMIS.Methods A desk review of key policies and the NTP’s HMIS was conducted.Retrospective intersectional analysis utilized two secondary data sources:annual NTP report(2017-2021)and records of 628 TB cases via HMIS 6.5 from two TB centres(2017/18-2018/19).Chi-square test and multi-variate analysis was used to assess the association between social stratifers and types of TB,registration category and treatment outcome.Results Gender,social inclusion and concept of intersectionality are incorporated into various health policies and strategies but lack effective implementation.NTP has initiated the collection of age,sex,ethnicity and location data since 2014/15 through the HMIS.However,only age and sex disaggregated data are routinely reported,leaving recorded social stratifiers of TB patients static without analysis and dissemination.Furthermore,findings from the intersectional analysis using TB secondary data,showed that male more than 25 years exhibited higher odds[adjusted odds ratio(a OR)=4.95,95%confidence interval(CI):1.60-19.06,P=0.01]of successful outcome compared to male TB patients less than 25 years.Similarly,sex was significantly associated with types of TB(P<0.05)whereas both age(P<0.05)and sex(P<0.05)were significantly associated with patient registration category(old/new cases).Conclusions The results highlight inadequacy in the availability of social stratifiers in the routine HMIS.This limitation hampers the NTP’s ability to conduct intersectional analyses,crucial for unveiling the roles of other social determinants of TB.Such limitation underscores the need for more disaggregated data in routine NTP to better inform policies and plans contributing to the development of a more responsive and equitable TB programme and effectively addressing disparities.

Autonomy and Accountability:The Transformation and Quality Assurance System in French Higher Education

The transformation of France’s higher education system,marked by increased autonomy,internationalization,and quality assurance reforms,has yielded positive outcomes.These changes have enhanced the competitiveness of French universities,attracting more international students and scholars.Students benefit from greater course diversity,academic support,and innovative learning methods.However,challenges such as balancing autonomy with uniform quality standards and promoting social inclusivity remain.To secure a strong future,France must continue refining its quality assurance system,enhance internationalization efforts,foster educational innovation,and prioritize social inclusivity.

THE WAY WALKED WITH CHILDREN： MEDICAL TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION

Due to obstacles in expression and communication, as well as a societal lack of humanitarian spirit and deficiencies in system design, children with intellectual disabilities are confronted with various problems when seeking medical treatment. The dilemma of medical treatment seriously restricts the survival and development of disabled groups. By reviewing the way in which a mother accompanied her disabled child for 28 years together, this article analyzed the reasons for the dilemmas of medical treatment, and appealed to improve the living conditions of persons with intellectual disabilities to guarantee their rights for rehabilitation. In addition, by introducing the recreational and sports activities that parents＇ spontaneous organization created for children with intellectual disabilities, it put forward the proposal to prevent in advance the possible deterioration of conditions caused by social isolation, which is definitely a preferable remedy for persons with disabilities.