A Note on an Economic Lot-sizing Problem with Perishable Inventory and Economies of Scale Costs:Approximation Solutions and Worst Case Analysis

This paper presents an economic lot-sizing problem with perishable inventory and general economies of scale cost functions. For the case with backlogging allowed, a mathematical model is formulated, and several properties of the optimal solutions are explored. With the help of these optimality properties, a polynomial time approximation algorithm is developed by a new method. The new method adopts a shift technique to obtain a feasible solution of subproblem and takes the optimal solution of the subproblem as an approximation solution of our problem. The worst case performance for the approximation algorithm is proven to be （4√2 ＋ 5）/7. Finally, an instance illustrates that the bound is tight.

An overview of the resources and environment conditions and major geological problems in the Yangtze River economic zone, China

Focusing on the Yangtze River economic zone,the previous geological researches are systematically summarized,resources and environment conditions and major geological problems which are needing to be concerned in land planning and construction are studied.The results show that the resource conditions of cultivated land,shale gas,geotherm,lithium and so on are superior in the Yangtze River economic zone,and the resources and environment conditions are conducive to develop the modern agriculture,clean energy industry and strategic emerging industries.3×1013 m^2 farmlands without heavy metal pollution are concentrated;there are three national level shale gas exploration and development bases with explored reserves of 5.441×1011 m^3;geothermal availability is 2.4×109 t of standard coal each year,equivalent to 19% of the amount of coal in 2014;Asia's largest energy lithium metal ore deposit is found.In some parts of Yangtze River economic zone,there are some major geological problems such as active faults,karst collapse,ground subsidence,landslide-collapse-debris flow,affecting the river-crossing channels,high-speed railway,urban agglomeration and green ecological corridor planning and construction.Those problems should be concerned,and the relevant suggestions and countermeasures are put forward.Meanwhile,the ideas to further support the development of the Yangtze River economic zone are put forward.

Economic Analysis and Countermeasures of Migrant Workers' Problems

Generation and development of migrant workers' problems are analyzed from the perspective of economics. There are economic factors causing migrant workers' problems: imbalance in the industrial structure brings farmers living pressure; urban modern civilization is attractive to farmers; urban economic development needs a large number of agricultural laborers engaged in manual labor. Moreover, relevant countermeasures are proposed. The dual economic structure is to be broken to gradually eliminate the barrier between urban and rural areas; an unified and standard labor market is to be established to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas; overall considerations should be taken and the reform of matching system should be quickened; the construction of urbanization is to be duly promoted to improve the level of modernization in the countryside.

Landscape Economics: Connotations, Basic Problems and Research Methods

This paper analyzed necessity and laws of natural and cultural resource consumption and creation activities as a branch of economics or research direction, proposed such basic frameworks of landscape economics such as connotations, basic problems and research methods on the basis of sorting out literature. Landscape economics is a social science focusing on the public preferences for natural and humanistic landscapes, and the preference evolution laws, economic laws of landscape resource consumption and creation activities. The basic problems include evaluation of landscape resource value, optimal utilization of landscape resources, landscape resource development and protection policies, formation and creation of diversified landscape structure. The research methods include investigation of consumers' willingness, experiment and behavioral economics, logical reasoning, and case study.

Technical and Economical Problems of Bituminous Coal Mining in Czech Republic

The historical development of mining industry in Czech Republic, mining industry in new economical conditions, damping program of hituminous coal mining and the damping of mining activity are mentioned in this paper, and some important and detail data are given. This paper is not only concerned to mining, but also to social society, so it is of significance to mining industry and otber enterprises.

Study on Potential Problems of Shandong Economic Forest Construction and Standardization Construction Scheme

Shandong is a culturally powerful province with excellent natural geographical condition and the warm temperate monsoon climate creates abundant benefits to the agricultural development there.In 2009,Shandong administration bureau of Yellow River economic development held the forum on related issues of national new countryside industry office planning to build economic forest base around the Yellow River in Shandong.The primary intention was settled and the construction of Shandong Economic Forest was formally started.Although impressive progress has been achieved in recent years,there also exists potential problems in the construction of economic forest,among which heavy metal pollution and soil acidification are the worst,causing huge damage to the physiological health of the consumers of economic forest.The writer proposes the countermeasures against standardization construction of economic forest.Scientific management is to be adopted to improve the professional skills of the employees in economic forest and brand innovation should be emphasized to quicken the quality certification of the products of economic forest.Besides,standard production demonstration is to be created and promoted in order to boost scale development.Furthermore,mechanism innovation is also to be stressed and forestry specialized cooperation organizations should be largely supported.

Adhering to Opening-up is the Key to Solve Sino-US Economic and Trade Problems

The new round of Sino-US high-level economic and trade consultations has been concluded.This is the 13th round of negotiations since the wide acceleration of economic and trade frictions between China and US.

Analysis of economic law on the establishment of redistribution in a fair society

The relationship between social justice and economic law is existed. Economic law is a general term of legal nomas to adjust social relations occurred in the course of state regulation of the economy, so that to protect state regulation, and promote social and economic coordination, stability and development. From the view of the generation of the law, economic law is generated after the emergence of the socialization of production and monopoly to protect the public interest. Economic law is bound to reflect social justice in the redistribution process of interests. Legislative intent of economic law to maintain a fair society is reflected through the redistribution process of the interests. Redistribution of the economic law is an important means to achieve social justice.

Few Problems in Accelerating Foreign Economic & Trade Development

China’s economic reform has progressed to setting up a socialist market economy. Since 1994, a series of reform measures in taxation, finance, planning, foreign exchange and foreign trade adopted by the State have promoted the development of the national economy, as well as foreign economic and trade development. The furtherance of the good situation of the economy and foreign trade relies on the following work: 1, Speeding up the development

Predictive Mathematical and Statistical Modeling of the Dynamic Poverty Problem in Burundi: Case of an Innovative Economic Optimization System

The mathematical and statistical modeling of the problem of poverty is a major challenge given Burundi’s economic development. Innovative economic optimization systems are widely needed to face the problem of the dynamic of the poverty in Burundi. The Burundian economy shows an inflation rate of -1.5% in 2018 for the Gross Domestic Product growth real rate of 2.8% in 2016. In this research, the aim is to find a model that contributes to solving the problem of poverty in Burundi. The results of this research fill the knowledge gap in the modeling and optimization of the Burundian economic system. The aim of this model is to solve an optimization problem combining the variables of production, consumption, budget, human resources and available raw materials. Scientific modeling and optimal solving of the poverty problem show the tools for measuring poverty rate and determining various countries’ poverty levels when considering advanced knowledge. In addition, investigating the aspects of poverty will properly orient development aid to developing countries and thus, achieve their objectives of growth and the fight against poverty. This paper provides a new and innovative framework for global scientific research regarding the multiple facets of this problem. An estimate of the poverty rate allows good progress with the theory and optimization methods in measuring the poverty rate and achieving sustainable development goals. By comparing the annual food production and the required annual consumption, there is an imbalance between different types of food. Proteins, minerals and vitamins produced in Burundi are sufficient when considering their consumption as required by the entire Burundian population. This positive contribution for the latter comes from the fact that some cows, goats, fishes, ···, slaughtered in Burundi come from neighboring countries. Real production remains in deficit. The lipids, acids, calcium, fibers and carbohydrates produced in Burundi are insufficient for consumption. This negative contribution proves a Burundian food deficit. It is a decision-making indicator for the design and updating of agricultural policy and implementation programs as well as projects. Investment and economic growth are only possible when food security is mastered. The capital allocated to food investment must be revised upwards. Demographic control is also a relevant indicator to push forward Burundi among the emerging countries in 2040. Meanwhile, better understanding of the determinants of poverty by taking cultural and organizational aspects into account guides managers for poverty reduction projects and programs.

Problems and Strategies:A Case Study of Translation of the Introduction of Xianda College of Economics and Humanities,SISU

The present paper takes the English translation of the introduction of Xianda College of Economics and Humanities,SISU as an example to explore the translation problems of proper nouns and differences in English and Chinese language expressions in the construction of English introductions in Chinese institutions of higher education with the intention to propose corresponding solutions.It is hoped that this paper will provide some tips for the English translation of international publicity materials for other institutions of higher education.

Development of Hybrid Algorithm Based on PSO and NN to Solve Economic Emission Dispatch Problem

The electric power generation system has always the significant location in the power system, and it should have an efficient and economic operation. This consists of the generating unit’s allocation with minimum fuel cost and also considers the emission cost. In this paper we have intended to propose a hybrid technique to optimize the economic and emission dispatch problem in power system. The hybrid technique is used to minimize the cost function of generating units and emission cost by balancing the total load demand and to decrease the power loss. This proposed technique employs Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Neural Network (NN). PSO is one of the computational techniques that use a searching process to obtain an optimal solution and neural network is used to predict the load demand. Prior to performing this, the neural network training method is used to train all the generating power with respect to the load demand. The economic and emission dispatch problem will be solved by the optimized generating power and predicted load demand. The proposed hybrid intelligent technique is implemented in MATLAB platform and its performance is evaluated.

Economic Responsibility Audit of Leading Cadres of the Party and Government at the Grassroots Level-Existing Problems and Countermeasures

Economic responsibility audit is an important part of the socialist audit supervision system with Chinese characteristics.It is an important responsibility of audit institutions at all levels to carry out economic responsibility audit.This article conducts a comprehensive and profound analysis of the problems existing in the current grassroots economic responsibility audit work.In addition,countermeasures and suggestions are proposed in this article,which are of positive significance to promote the economic responsibility audit work of leading cadres.

Solving Multi-Area Environmental/Economic Dispatch by Pareto-Based Chemical-Reaction Optimization Algorithm

In this study, we present a Pareto-based chemicalreaction optimization(PCRO) algorithm for solving the multiarea environmental/economic dispatch optimization problems.Two objectives are minimized simultaneously, i.e., total fuel cost and emission. In the proposed algorithm, each solution is represented by a chemical molecule. A novel encoding mechanism for solving the multi-area environmental/economic dispatch optimization problems is designed to dynamically enhance the performance of the proposed algorithm. Then, an ensemble of effective neighborhood approaches is developed, and a selfadaptive neighborhood structure selection mechanism is also embedded in PCRO to increase the search ability while maintaining population diversity. In addition, a grid-based crowding distance strategy is introduced, which can obviously enable the algorithm to easily converge near the Pareto front. Furthermore,a kinetic-energy-based search procedure is developed to enhance the global search ability. Finally, the proposed algorithm is tested on sets of the instances that are generated based on realistic production. Through the analysis of experimental results, the highly effective performance of the proposed PCRO algorithm is favorably compared with several algorithms, with regards to both solution quality and diversity.

A Chance Constrained Optimal Reserve Scheduling Approach for Economic Dispatch Considering Wind Penetration

The volatile wind power generation brings a full spectrum of problems to power system operation and management, ranging from transient system frequency fluctuation to steady state supply and demand balancing issue. In this paper, a novel wind integrated power system day-ahead economic dispatch model, with the consideration of generation and reserve cost is modelled and investigated. The proposed problem is first formulated as a chance constrained stochastic nonlinear programming U+0028 CCSNLP U+0029, and then transformed into a deterministic nonlinear programming U+0028 NLP U+0029. To tackle this NLP problem, a three-stage framework consists of particle swarm optimization U+0028 PSO U+0029, sequential quadratic programming U+0028 SQP U+0029 and Monte Carlo simulation U+0028 MCS U+0029 is proposed. The PSO is employed to heuristically search the line power flow limits, which are used by the SQP as constraints to solve the NLP problem. Then the solution from SQP is verified on benchmark system by using MCS. Finally, the verified results are feedback to the PSO as fitness value to update the particles. Simulation study on IEEE 30-bus system with wind power penetration is carried out, and the results demonstrate that the proposed dispatch model could be effectively solved by the proposed three-stage approach. © 2017 Chinese Association of Automation.

Analysis of Enterprise Cost Management from the Perspective of Management Economics

In view of economic globalization,China’s economy has entered a stage of normalized development.In the post pandemic era,the costs of raw materials,production,sales,and labor in Chinese enterprises continue to increase,leading to severe competitive pressure among the enterprises.Therefore,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to actively apply the relevant theories of management economics to guide the cost management of Chinese enterprises,improve their economic benefits,and promote healthy and sustainable development.Currently,there are still many problems in terms of cost management in Chinese enterprises.Therefore,it is crucial to address these problems and further improve the effectiveness of cost management.This paper presents an overview of cost management and an analysis of the specific problems and provide corresponding countermeasures,in hopes of to providing a reference for cost management in enterprises and achieve the goal of stable and sustainable development of China’s economy.

Social Transition Lags behind Economic Transition in China

Government,market and society are called the three key factors of social science in the Western academic community. An in-depth study of the theoretical and empirical relationship between government,market and society is of great importance to examining China's economic reform and gauging China's future development dynamics. Based on an analysis of China's economic reform progress from the perspective of government,market and society,the author finds that the absence of civil society is a salient feature of economic reform. China's economic reform in the absence of civil society has given rise to ve major paradoxes,which,in reality,are manifested in the excess concentration of wealth. The focus of study is therefore to address two overriding issues:what role does the development of civil society play in China's ongoing economic reform,and how can we further re ne the basic thought of building a harmonious socialist society in China?

Economic Counseling Psychology for Management Economic Crisis

In the economic world of the economic class down there are some challenges in economic life that is the ability to survive in a mediocre economy,defend themselves against the work they have lived so far,mental reinforcement when unable to buy anything,self-surrender to the economic destiny they endured.is the economic counseling of the Quran,is one of the approaches given to the poor who face problems such as removing"I'm confused,I want to kill myself,just die if I keep this up".Through the verses of the Koran given to the poor primarily,being able to reduce the mental pressure of suicidal ideation and build resilience in the face of life's problems.

TRANSFORMATION OF GLOBAL ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE SYSTEM AND ROLE PLAYED BY CHINA

After the outbreak of the International Financial Crisis in 2008, the world economic pattern entered a period of profound readjustment and changes in the global economic governance system sped up. In the past decade and more, reform and improvement on the global economic governance system have made remarkable results with concerted efforts of the international community but at the same time also faced a number of outstanding problems. Especially since 2018, uncertainty in international situation has increased.

Research on Realization Mechanism and Path of Beautiful Countryside under Perspective of Ecological Economic Compound System

The practice based on"beautiful countryside"studies the evolution of Chinese rural society from supply-demand resource allocation to welfare type,forms the symbiotic model for the mechanism of"One Belt,One Road", establishes regional macroeconomic fundamentals, conforms to the situation of the marketization of China’s rural society and the"integration"of urban &rural areas. And it reestablishes the welfare form of rural"phenomenological"philosophy and it develops economic, ecological &social macroeconomic model. The research and use on the openness of"rural system"can promote the formation of ecological structure of rural system, can construct the symbiotic model of rural society, can form the social welfare system including "ecological synthesis","industrial complex"and"institutional community", can realize rural social stratification,o rganization optimization & demand support,and can lay the foundation of stability with Chinese characteristics.