Antioxidant properties of aqueous extracts of unripe Musa Paradisiaca on sodium nitroprusside induced lipid peroxidation in rat pancreas in vitro

Objective:To evaluate and compare antioxidant activities of the aqueous extracts of unripe plantain(Musa paradisiaca),assess their inhibitory action on sodium nitroprusside induced lipid peroxidation in rat pancreas in vitro and to cliaracterize the main phenolic constituents of the plantain products using gas chromatography analysis.Methods:Aqueous extracts of plantain products(raw,elastic pastry,roasted and boiled)(lour ol 0.1 g/mL(each)were used to determine their total phenol,total flavonoid,1,1 diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)and hydroxyl(OH)radical scavenging ability.The inhibitory effect of the extracts on sodium nitropmsside induced lipid peroxidation was also determined.Results:The results revealed that all the aqueous extracts showed antioxidant activity.The boiled Hour had highest DPPH and OH radical scavenging ability while raw Hour had the highest Fe^(2+)chelating ability,sodium nilroprusside inhibitor)effect and vitamin C content.The antioxidant results showed that elastic pastry had the highest total phenol and total flavonoid content.Characterization of the unripe plantain products for polyphenol contents using gas chromatography showed varied quantity of apigenin,myricetin.luteolin,capsaicin,isorhaemnetin.caffeic acid,kampferol,quercetin,p-hydroxybenzoic acid,shogaol,glycitein and gingerol per product on the spectra.Conclusions:Considering the antioxidant activities and ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation of unripe plantain,this could justify their traditional use in the management/prevention of diseases related to stress.

Central Nervous System Toxicity of Sodium Nitroprusside in Treatment of Patients with Aortic Dissection

This study examined the sodium nitroprusside (SNP) toxicity to central nervous system (CNS) in treatment of patients with aortic dissection (AD). The medical records of 191 AD patients who were admitted to Tongji Hospital, China, from Jan. 1998 to Feb. 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 140 cases of hypertension (73.3%) and 13 cases of Marfan syndrome (6.8%) among the 191 AD patients. A total of 157 patients were given SNP treatment. The toxic reactions of CNS occurred in 18 subjects (11.5%). Most of the adverse reactions occurred on the fifth day following SNP injection. SNP infusion rate was significantly higher in patients who developed CNS toxicity. It was suggested that systemic hypertension is the most common predisposing factor for AD. The combination of SNP with a β-receptor blocker is a medical therapy commonly used in patients with AD. Cyanide and thio-cyanate toxicity from SNP treatment is always the consequence of prolonged drug infusion or relatively high dose administration.

Sodium nitroprusside injection immediately before balloon inflation during percutaneous coronary intervention

BACKGROUND No reflow or slow flow frequently occurs during percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)and it is associated with adverse outcomes.Strategies should be undertaken to prevent its occurrence.AIM To observe whether conventional target intracoronary administration of sodium nitroprusside immediately before balloon inflation can reduce the incidence of no reflow and slow flow,which are defined as thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grade≤II during PCI.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted in 740 patients with coronary artery disease admitted to Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between January 2016 and October 2020.Among them,360 patients receiving sodium nitroprusside immediately before balloon inflation during PCI were enrolled in an experimental group between January 2019 and October 2020 and 380 patients receiving sodium nitroprusside after incident no reflow and slow flow during PCI were enrolled in a control group between January 2016 and January 2019.The occurrence of no reflow and slow flow was compared between the two groups and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD)and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)were detected 1 mo after the operation.RESULTS After treatment,the proportion of patients with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grades 0 to II was lower in the experimental group than in the control group(P<0.05).At 1 mo after treatment,LVEDD was lower and LVEF was higher in the experimental group than in the control group(P<0.05).In terms of incidence of adverse cardiovascular events within 1 mo after treatment,in the experimental group,malignant arrhythmia occurred in three patients,intractable myocardial ischemia in three,congestive heart failure in four,and recurrent myocardial infarction in five;one patient died.In the control group,malignant arrhythmia occurred in eight patients,intractable myocardial ischemia in five,congestive heart failure in seven,and recurrent myocardial infarction in 14;two patients died.The incidence of adverse cardiovascular events was 4.4%in experimental group which was lower than that of the control group at 1 mo after operation(9.5%;P<0.05).CONCLUSION Administration of sodium nitroprusside into target vessels immediately before balloon inflation can significantly reduce the incidence of no reflow and slow flow,improve LVEDD and LVEF,and reduce the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events in patients treated by PCI.It is worthy of clinical promotion.

A clinical comparative study on effects of intracavernous injection of sodium nitroprusside and papaverine/phentolamine in erectile dysfunction patients

Aim: To study the effect of intracavemous sodium nitropmsside (SNP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor, on penile erection. Methods: Forty-two patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) were randomly assigned to receive SNP 300μg or the control drugs (papaverine 30mg+phentolamine 1mg) intracavemously crosswise one week apart. The penile length, circumference and hardness after the administration of the experimental and control drugs were assessed and compared statistically. Results: (1)There was no significant difference between the changes in penile length and circumference in the two occasions; (2)In 25 SNP and 28 control cases, the hardness of the penis was scored above 100 as evaluated by the Virag method (P>0.05);(3)The duration of erection in the controls was longer than that in the SNP, but there were three priapism in the controls and not a single one in the SNP; (4)there was no apparent change in the heart rate and blood pressure in both occasions; other side effects were minimal except slight local pain in a few controls. Conclusion: SNP facilitates relaxation of the penile smooth muscle and penile erection without significant side effects. SNP may be used in ED patients that experience pain and priapism with papaverine/phentolamine.(Asian J Androl 2000 Dec;2:301-303)

A novel method for the spectrophotometric determination of cefradine by using sodium nitroprusside as chromogenic reagent

一个新奇方法被把钠 nitroprusside 用作发色的试剂为 cefradine 的决心开发。实验显示一个带赤褐色的产品被 cefradine 的反应在基本答案与钠 nitroprusside 形成，并且带赤褐色的产品的最大的吸收波长(最大) 是 505 nm。并且为有钠 nitroprusside 的 cefradine 的反应的 tetradecyl 本甲基 dimethyl 铵氯化物的促进感受性是显著的。明显的臼齿的吸收系数(505 ) 是 2.81

Effect of intracoronary sodium nitroprusside and tirofiban injection on myocardial injury in patients with no reflow in PCI

Objective: To study the effect of intracoronary sodium nitroprusside and tirofiban injection on myocardial injury in patients with no reflow in PCI. Methods: Patients with acute coronary syndrome who underwent PCI and had no reflow in Gong'an County People's Hospital in Hubei Province between August 2014 and July 2017 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into two groups, combined group accepted intracoronary sodium nitroprusside and tirofiban injection during PCI, and control group accepted intracoronary tirofiban injection during PCI. The serum levels of myocardial injury indexes, oxidative stress indexes and inflammatory mediators of the two groups were measured before treatment and 1 d after treatment. Results: 1 d after treatment, serum CK-MB, H-FABP, sFas, cMyBP-C, MPO, MDA, Caspase-3, MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-18, MMP2 and MMP9 levels of both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment whereas SOD and NQO-1 levels were higher than those before treatment, and serum CK-MB, H-FABP, sFas, cMyBP-C, MPO, MDA, Caspase-3, MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-18, MMP2 and MMP9 levels of combined group were significantly lower than those of control group whereas SOD and NQO-1 levels were higher than those control group. Conclusion: Intracoronary sodium nitroprusside and tirofiban injection can reduce the myocardial injury in patients with no reflow in PCI.

The Effect of Exogenous Sodium Nitroprusside Treatment on Broccoli Quality During the Storage Process

[Objective] The aim was to provide certain theoretical basis for the protection of broccoli. [Method] Exogenous sodium nitroprusside was used to in the experiment. Under the condition of 20 ℃ and RH 95%, the optimal SNP concentration of broccoli was determined. [Result] The exogenous SNP could effectively maintain the quality of broccoli, inhabited the yellowing of broccoli and the increasing of cell membrane permeability, and maintain the soluble solids content, decreased the degradation rate of chlorophyll and delayed the loss of VC. [Conclusion] Exogenous sodium nitroprusside can effectively maintain the quality of broccoli to keep it fresh.

Lack of nitrate tolerance in isosorbid dinitrate- and sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxation of rabbit internal anal sphincter

AIM: To investigate the tolerance development against the relaxant effect of nitric oxide donating drug isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) and sodium nitropruside (SNP) in internal anal sphincter (IAS) smooth muscle. METHODS: Relaxation responses of ISDN, and electrical fi eld stimulation (EFS) were obtained before and after tolerance induction by ISDN incubation. RESULTS: ISDN (10-7-10-4 mol/L) and SNP (10-8-10-4 mol/L) caused a concentration-dependent relaxation on the basal tonus of the isolated rabbit IAS strips. After a period of 2 h incubation of the 6 x 10-4 mol/L ISDN the relaxation effects of ISDN and SNP did not change compared to control strips. EFS evoked frequency-dependent relaxation in internal anal sphincter smooth muscle and Emax obtained from control strips were not changed in ISDN tolerance-inducing condition. In this study nitrate tolerance was not observed in rabbit IAS smooth muscle. CONCLUSION: This result shows that nitric oxide donating drugs relaxes the internal anal sphincter of the rabbits without the development of tolerance.

EGb761对NO供体SNP诱导的海马神经元凋亡的保护作用

目的 探讨银杏叶提取物 (EGb761 )对 NO供体硝普钠 (SNP)引起的大鼠海马神经元凋亡的影响。方法 采用 MTT比色分析测细胞存活率、 Hoechst 332 58荧光染色及 DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析等方法检测凋亡。结果 不同剂量 EGb 761预处理海马神经元 6 h可剂量依赖地对抗 SNP引起的神经元凋亡 ,提高神经元的存活率 ;减少 SNP引起的核固缩、凝聚和碎裂现象 ;DNA凝胶电泳图谱未见典型的“梯子状”改变。结论 EGb 761对 NO供体

SNP对体外培养的海马神经元bcl-2和bax基因表达的影响

目的 :探讨NO供体硝普钠 (SodiumNitroprusside,SNP)诱导体外培养的海马神经元凋亡与Bcl- 2、Bax表达变化的关系。方法 :终浓度分别为 0、2 5、5 0、10 0、2 0 0、4 0 0 μmol/L的SNP处理海马神经元 2 4h ,或用终浓度为 5 0 μmol/L的SNP分别处理海马神经元 0、6、12、18、2 4h ,用RT -PCR检测Bcl- 2、baxmRNA表达变化 ,Westernblot检测Bcl- 2、Bax蛋白表达的变化。结果 :随着SNP剂量的增加 ,bcl- 2mRNA、Bcl- 2蛋白表达逐渐减少 ,而baxmRNA、Bax蛋白表达逐渐增加 ;随着时间的处长 ,bcl- 2mRNA、Bcl- 2蛋白表达逐渐减少 ,而baxmRNA、Bax蛋白表达去逐渐增加。结论 :SNP可时间、剂量依赖性地降低bcl- 2mRNA、Bcl- 2蛋白的表达 ,时间、剂量依赖性地增加baxmRNA、Bax蛋白的表达。SNP诱导海马神经元凋亡的机制 ,可能是与降低Bcl- 2 /Bax的比值有关。

外源一氧化氮供体SNP对受旱小麦光合色素含量和PSⅡ光能利用能力的影响

以-0.5MPa PEG模拟干旱胁迫,0.1mmolL-1SNP作为外源NO供体,从荧光诱导动力学角度研究了干旱胁迫下SNP对小麦光合色素含量的变化和PSII光能利用能力的影响。结果显示,干旱胁迫虽然引起光合色素含量的增加,却减少了PSⅡ反应中心的开放比例(qP),从而限制PSⅡ对光能的利用(F'v/F'm)和光合功能的正常运行(LPFD)。经SNP和PEG同时处理的小麦光合色素含量明显增加,细胞膜相对透性降低,避免因干旱引起的光合功能的限制(LPFD);SNP还能增加受旱小麦PSII开放反应中心的比例(qP),使更多的光能传递给PSⅡ反应中心,减少激发能用于非光化学反应的热耗散(NPQ),从而促使更多的激发能用于光化学反应(F'v/F'm)。另外,SNP减轻了干旱胁迫对PSⅡ反应中心施加的激发压力,引起QA的还原程度(1-qP)降低。因此,干旱条件下外源NO供体SNP可能参与了受旱小麦光合色素的合成和PSⅡ对光能的利用。

外源NO供体SNP对PEG模拟干旱胁迫下高羊茅种子萌发及幼苗抗性生理的影响

以高羊茅为研究对象,采用不同PEG模拟干旱处理(CK、10%PEG、0.1 mmol/L SNP+10%PEG、1.0 mmol/LSNP+10%PEG等)方法,就外源NO供体SNP对高羊茅种子的萌发、幼苗生长及抗逆性的影响进行了探讨。结果表明,在PEG模拟干旱胁迫下,高羊茅种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数和幼苗叶绿素含量较对照呈下降趋势,而幼苗丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸、可溶性糖、超氧阴离子(O2.-)和过氧化氢(H2O2)含量呈上升趋势,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性则呈现先升高后降低的趋势。上述结果说明PEG模拟的干旱胁迫,使得高羊茅在种子萌发及幼苗生长过程中遭受逆境胁迫,且生长发育受到显著抑制。经外源NO供体SNP处理后,模拟干旱胁迫下的高羊茅种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数和幼苗叶片叶绿素、脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量及SOD、POD、CAT活性均显著升高,而幼苗叶片MDA、O2.-和H2O2含量显著下降,说明外源NO供体SNP处理后使PEG模拟干旱胁迫下高羊茅的生长发育得到了促进,减轻了干旱胁迫对高羊茅造成的伤害,提高了植株的整体抗旱性。通过对比几种不同SNP浓度,结果说明0.1 mmol/L SNP对PEG模拟干旱胁迫下高羊茅种子萌发及幼苗的保护效应较为显著。

硝普钠对谷子烯禾啶药害的缓解效应

为了解硝普钠是否可以缓解除草剂烯禾啶对谷子的药害,本试验以谷子优质品种‘晋谷21号’愈伤组织为试验材料,将不同浓度硝普钠与烯禾啶复配后添加到培养基中对其进行胁迫处理,观察不同处理下愈伤组织的生长情况,并分别测定其抗氧化酶活性,渗透调节物质含量等相关生理指标,通过分析比较这些指标在不同处理间的差异,了解硝普钠对烯禾啶药害的缓解效应,并对其解毒机制进行初步探讨。结果表明,硝普钠对谷子烯禾啶药害有一定缓解作用,且缓解作用随烯禾啶处理浓度而发生变化,硝普钠浓度需根据烯禾啶浓度进行调整。硝普钠与烯禾啶复配提高了愈伤组织细胞抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量,减轻烯禾啶对谷子的损伤。本研究为生产中使用硝普钠减轻谷子烯禾啶药害提供了一定的理论依据。

阿魏酸钠对SNP诱导的凋亡海马神经元NF-κB、par-4基因表达的影响

目的探讨阿魏酸钠(sodium ferulate,SF)对一氧化氮(NO)供体硝普钠(SNP)引起的大鼠海马神经元凋亡及NF-κBP65、par-4基因表达的影响。方法采用SD大鼠海马神经元原代培养,经终浓度分别为10、20、40、80、120、160μmol/L的SF预处理后,用50μmol/L的SNP处理24h,采用MTT法检测细胞存活率,Hochest33258荧光染色检测凋亡,Westernblot及RT-PCR检测NF-κBP65、par-4基因表达。结果不同剂量SF(10～160μmol/L)预处理6h可显著提高神经元的存活率,减少SNP引起的核固缩、凝聚和碎裂现象;降低NF-κBP65、par-4mRNA及蛋白的表达。结论SF抑制NO供体SNP诱导的海马神经元凋亡,其机制可能与降低促凋亡基因NF-κBP65、par-4表达有关。

阿魏酸钠对SNP诱导的凋亡海马神经元bcl-2、bax基因表达的影响

目的:探讨阿魏酸钠(SF)对一氧化氮(NO)供体硝普钠(SNP)引起的大鼠海马神经元凋亡及bcl-2、bax基因表达的影响。方法:采用SD大鼠海马神经元原代培养,经终浓度分别为10、20、40、80、120、160μmol/LSF预处理后,用50μmol/L SNP处理24h,采用MTT法检测细胞存活率,Hoechst33258荧光染色及DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析等方法检测凋亡,Western blotting及RT-PCR检测bcl-2、bax基因表达。结果:不同剂量SF(10-160μmol/L)预处理6h可显著提高神经元的存活率,减少SNP引起的核固缩、凝聚和碎裂现象;DNA凝胶电泳图谱未见典型的"梯状"改变;增加bcl-2mRNA及蛋白的表达,降低baxmRNA及蛋白的表达。结论:SF抑制NO供体SNP诱导的海马神经元凋亡,其机制可能与其增加Bcl-2蛋白表达,降低Bax蛋白表达,增高Bcl-2/Bax的比值有关。

外源NO供体SNP对Cd胁迫下辣椒种子萌发的影响

研究了外源NO供体SNP对Cd胁迫下辣椒种子萌发的影响。结果表明:用100μmol/L SNP处理辣椒种子能在一定程度上提高Cd胁迫下辣椒幼苗SOD、CAT、POD的活性,降低其MDA含量,从而缓解了Cd胁迫对辣椒种子萌发率及其胚根、胚轴生长的抑制。

SNP、GLU及GABA对纹状体神经元活动的影响

目的 探讨一氧化氮(NO)在纹状体(STR)信息传递中的作用,对帕金森综合征(PD)的发病机制有更深入的了解,对PD的临床诊断及治疗有更深远的帮助。方法 本实验采用多管玻璃微电极微电泳方法观察了微电泳硝普钠(SNP)、谷氨酸(GLU)及γ- 氨基丁酸(GABA)对大鼠STR神经元自发放电的影响。同时观察了NO对GLU及GABA神经传递的影响。结果 实验观察到微电泳SNP可使77%(51 /66)受试神经元放电频率加快,其兴奋作用可被单硝基L -精氨酸甲酯(L NAME)所拮抗。在微电泳GLU或GABA过程中,给予SNP可增强GLU的兴奋作用,拮抗GABA的抑制作用。给予NOS抑制剂L- NAME可拮抗GLU的兴奋作用。结论 实验结果表明NO、GABA、GLU等神经递质活动在STR的同一神经元有会聚作用,NO、GLU对STR神经元有兴奋作用,而GABA对STR神经元有紧张性抑制作用。

SNP对康乃馨切花保鲜的初步研究

[目的]探讨SNP对康乃馨切花的保鲜作用。[方法]以硝普钠(SNP)为一氧化氮供体,研究浓度为5、50、100、1 000μmol/L时的SNP对康乃馨切花保鲜寿命的影响。[结果]SNP浓度为100μmol/L时对康乃馨切花的影响最大,可明显延缓弯茎出现、增加切花鲜重及维持较高含糖量,延长切花瓶插寿命。[结论]一定浓度的SNP处理康乃馨切花可延长切花瓶插寿命,提高观赏价值。

重组人尿激酶原联合硝普钠替罗非班冠状动脉内注射对高血栓负荷STEMI患者行PCI疗效的影响

目的 分析重组人尿激酶原联合硝普钠替罗非班冠状动脉内注射对高血栓负荷急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction,STEMI)患者行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(Percutaneous Coronary Intervention,PCI)疗效的影响。方法 选取2022年1月—2023年6月连云港市中医院收治的82例需行PCI高血栓负荷STEMI患者为研究对象,按照随机数表法分为研究组和对照组,各41例。对照组应用硝普钠、替罗非班冠状动脉内注射,研究组在对照组基础上给予重组人尿激酶原治疗,对比两组心功能指标、出血事件发生情况、术后并发症发生情况。结果 术后各时间点,研究组左心室舒张末期内径低于对照组,左心室射血分数高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。研究组并发症发生率(9.76%)低于对照组(26.83%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.998,P<0.05)。两组出血率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 重组人尿激酶原联合硝普钠、替罗非班冠状动脉内注射,能够提高高血栓负荷STEMI患者行PCI过程中的心功能,降低术后并发症,且不会增加出血风险。

外源NO供体SNP对辣椒种子萌发的影响

研究了不同浓度外源NO供体硝普钠(SNP)对辣椒种子发芽率、胚根与胚轴生长、膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量及抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性的影响。结果表明,低浓度SNP能提高辣椒种子的发芽率,促进辣椒胚根、胚轴生长,提高萌发幼苗SOD、POD、CAT酶的活性,降低MDA的含量。但较高浓度的SNP却降低辣椒种子的发芽率,削弱辣椒胚根、胚轴的生长,抑制萌发幼苗的SOD、CAT酶活性,使MDA含量增加。