Distribution of solanesol in Nicotiana tabacum

Solanesol is an important secondary metabolite in Nicotiana tabacum. Distribution of solanesol in Nicotiana tabacum was investigated by High Performance Liquid Chromatography （HPLC） method. The quantitative distribution of solanesol in various organs and tissues of N. tabacum showed that solanesol content, obviously different in all organs, was 6.8, 18.3, 27.5, 45.8, and 68.0 times higher in leaves than that in the stalks, flowers, seeds, fruits and roots, respectively. The contents of solanesol in various parts of leaf, stalk and flower were determined. The content of solanesol in top leaf, middle leaf and bottom leaf gradually decreased （6.124, 5.813 and 5.687 mg.g^-1, respectively） and the content of solanesol in various leaf-parts （leaf apex, leaf middle and leaf base） also gradually decreased. The content of solanesol in top stalk was 1.19 times and 1.92 times higher than that in the middle stalk and the bottom stalk, respectively. The content of solanesol in various tissues of stalk （epidermis, cortex and stele） dramatically decreased. The sepal contained higher concentration of solanesol （1.192 mg·g^-1） compared to any other parts in flower. The study will provide the base data for the regulation and control of solanesol, moreover, it will provide the scientific evidences for the rational development and utilization of N. tabacum resources.

Effects of Different Wall-breaking Methods on Extraction of Solanesol from Stems and Leaves of Potato

In order to extract solanesol from potato stems and leaves more effectively and improve the extraction rate of solanesol, the same batch of potato stems and leaves harvested from Guyuan, Ningxia was selected as a research object, cell wall of potato stems and leaves was broken by enzymolysis with cellulase and high- speed shearing, and then reflux-extracted with 95% ethanol. Solanesol content was determined by HPLC, and extract yield was calculated. Extract yield and solanesol extraction rate was used as an index for comparison of difference between the 2 wall-breaking methods, so as to select the optimal wall-breaking method. The results showed that enzymolysis with cellulase exhibited extraction rate and extract yield of solanesol of 91.38% and 8.02%, respectively, which were better than those under high-speed shear emulsification technique. The enzymolysis wall-breaking method has the advantages of simple operation and strong feasibility.

茄尼醇及其衍生物在纳米载药系统中的应用研究

大多数用于药物输送的传统纳米载药系统是由缺乏治疗活性的惰性载体材料制成,大量的药物载体物质可能会在体内引起外源性生物毒性和相关的代谢问题,而使用多功能智能给药系统可以减少对药物载体的需求与其潜在毒性之间的冲突。为此,已开发出一系列具有生物活性的“治疗载体”。茄尼醇因其丰富的药理活性和生物相容性而备受关注,本文详细介绍了茄尼醇及其衍生物的生理活性,并围绕茄尼醇及其衍生物化学结构优势、在纳米载药体系中的应用研究展开分析论述。

鲜法匀浆萃取烟叶中茄尼醇的研究

为了建立一种高效提取烟叶中茄尼醇的方法,对鲜法匀浆萃取烟叶中茄尼醇的工艺进行了研究,确定了最佳的工艺参数:提取原料为含水率80%的鲜烟叶,溶剂为90%的乙醇,匀浆时间20min,液固比为6:1(mL:g).将该法与超声提取、索氏提取和超临界二氧化碳萃取进行了比较.结果表明,在优化的条件下,鲜法匀浆对原料的匀浆粒度为40～80μm,茄尼醇的提取率为0.722%,分别是超声提取、索氏提取、超临界二氧化碳萃取的1.32、1.62和1.98倍.鲜法匀浆萃取所用提取时间短,提取溶剂用量少,因此,该法是一种高效提取烟叶中茄尼醇的方法.

中国低次烟叶资源综合利用研究

中国低次烟叶资源的综合利用不仅关系到烟农的经济效益,同时也关系到资源短缺和环境污染问题的解决。当前中国低次烟叶资源非常丰富,种植面积133×104hm2左右,年产量大约为240×104t,均居世界首位;但正面临着综合利用水平低、途径少、资源浪费非常严重等一系列问题。本文综述了中国低次烟叶资源分布特点、变化趋势及综合利用现状,探讨了低次烟叶资源综合利用的途径:部分低次烟叶重新用于卷烟生产;低次烟叶中蛋白质用于生产普通蛋白食品、功能性食品、香精香料、医药学辅助材料和植物保护剂等;茄尼醇用于合成辅酶Q10、VK、抗癌增效剂SDB等;烟碱用于开发高效、低毒、低残留的无公害农药;氨基酸、有机酸和糖等成分可作为重要的化工原料或用于生产香精香料等;论述了低次烟叶资源综合利用的重大意义,旨在为我国低次烟叶资源的综合利用实践提供理论依据和方法借鉴。

3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酰茄呢基胺的合成

Trimethoxybenzoyloxysolanesylamide（8） was first synthesized from solanesol in four steps. Thus, solanesyl bromide（5） prepared by the reaction of solanesol（4） and PBr3 was reacted with potassium phthalimide to give N-solanesylphthalimide（6）, which was refluxed with N2H4·H2O in 95%EtOH to give solanesylamine（7）. Compound 7 was then reacted with 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyloxyl chloride to give the title compound. Its structure has been confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, MS and elemental analysis.

从废次烟草中提取茄尼醇的新工艺研究

茄尼醇是一种重要的医药原料 .本文介绍了一种从废次烟草中提取茄尼醇的新的工艺路线 ,用价廉易得的 PE溶剂代替现有生产工艺上常用的正己烷溶剂 ,可提高茄尼醇的提取率和溶剂回收率 。

薄层分离-库仑滴定法测定茄尼醇

提出以2mol/L KBr-冰醋酸(1:3 V/V)为电解液,在阳极电生溴与茄尼醇发生反应来测定茄尼醇含量的库仑滴定法.茄尼醇与溴反应,其n值为18.对于烟叶提取物中茄尼醇,以正已烷-二氯乙烷-丙酮为展开剂,用薄层色谱法予以分离,用库仑滴定法进行测定.

癸异戊二烯醇的合成研究

癸异戊二烯醇 (Ⅵ )是极具药用价值药物辅酶Q10 (Ⅶ )的侧链。利用茄尼醇 (Ⅰ )为原料 ,与PBr3 在无水乙醚中反应得到茄尼基溴 (Ⅱ ) (产率 90 % ) ,Ⅱ溶于无水DMF与无水PhSO2 Na反应得到茄尼基砜 (Ⅲ ) (产率 92 % ) ,Ⅲ在叔丁醇钠催化下 (此方法未见报道 )或在相转移催化下与 (E) 3 甲基 4 溴 2 丁烯 1 醇乙酸酯 (Ⅳ )反应偶联得到 (E ,E ,E ,E ,E ,E ,E ,E ,E ,E) 3,7,11,15 ,19,2 3,2 7,31,35 ,39 十甲基 5 苯磺酰基 2 ,6 ,10 ,14,18,2 2 ,2 6 ,30 ,34 ,38 四十碳十烯 1 醇 (Ⅴ ) (产率分别为 89%、19% ) ,将Ⅴ溶于无水甲醇中 ,用Na/Hg齐还原去砜基得到癸异戊二烯醇 (产率6 7% )。用IR、1HNMR、MS验证化合物的结构 ,与文献报道一致。

茄呢基胺类化合物的合成研究(Ⅰ)——N,N-二(酰氧基乙基)茄呢基胺的合成

Solanesyl bromide(Ⅱ) was reacted with diethanolamine to give solanesyl diethanolamine(Ⅲ) which was acylated with 3,4,5 trimethoxybenzoyl chloride, acetic anhydride, benzoyl chloride and cinnamyl chloride to give N,N di[(3,4,5 trimethoxybenzoyloxy)ethyl]solanesylamine(Ⅳ), N,N di[(acetyloxy)ethyl] solanesylamine(Ⅴ), N,N di[(benzoyloxy)ethyl]solanesylamine(Ⅵ), N,N di[(cinnyloxy)ethyl]solanesylamine(Ⅶ) respectively. The structures of compounds Ⅲ～Ⅶ were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, MS and elemental analysis.

库仑滴定法测定烟叶提取物中茄尼醇

本文提出用库仑滴定法测定茄尼醇。以含有1mol·L－1KBr的78％（V／V）醋酸溶液为介质，以5mA恒电流为电解电流，对布尼醇进行库仑滴定，用双铂电极电流法指示滴定终点，得到满意结果．方法简便、准确，不需要标准溶液，不需要昂贵仪器。

动态皂化萃取法提取茄尼醇的研究

建立了以废次烟叶粗提物为原料,采用乙醇和溶剂油动态皂化方法萃取茄尼醇的工艺。讨论了影响动态皂化反应的主要因素,确定了优化的工艺参数:氢氧化钠为皂化试剂,6号溶剂油为烟叶粗提物的溶剂,体积分数为80%乙醇为氢氧化钠的溶剂,氢氧化钠与烟叶粗提物浸膏的质量比为1∶4,皂化反应时间为2.5 h。结果表明,在优化的条件下,经过动态皂化处理,茄尼醇收率119.4%,比经常规的先皂化后萃取处理收率增加9.3%;烟叶粗提物中的茄尼醇质量分数达到19.6%,比常规皂化处理增加2.94%。此外,采用动态皂化减少了工序,节省了萃取溶剂消耗量,因此该法是一种高效快速萃取茄尼醇的方法。

烟草绿原酸、芸香苷、烟碱和茄尼醇的提取技术研究

为实现烟草中绿原酸、芸香苷、茄尼醇和烟碱的高效利用,探索了利用有机溶剂从烟草中同时提取绿原酸、芸香苷、茄尼醇和烟碱的实验条件。结果表明,以超声波为辅助手段,烟末样品在料液比1:10,提取温度40℃,依次以80%、95%、80%的乙醇溶液或80%、80%、95%乙醇溶液组合为提取溶剂提取3次,提取时间依次为20、10、10 min的条件下,烟草绿原酸、芸香苷、烟碱、茄尼醇的提取率均达99.75%以上,该方法适用于烟草中绿原酸、芸香苷、茄尼醇和烟碱的综合提取。

高纯度茄尼醇的现状与市场前景

高纯度的茄尼醇是生产辅酶Q10的关键原料。2004年国外辅酶Q10总产量约为900t,直接需要消耗高纯度茄尼醇近2000t,日本、美国、德国、韩国是高纯度茄尼醇需求量最大的4个国家。我国用于辅酶Q10和其他用途的高纯度茄尼醇年需求量近4000t,由于国际上高纯茄尼醇的生产技术被日本等国垄断,我国高纯茄尼醇几乎全部依赖进口。我国具有生产高纯度茄尼醇的资源优势,如能解决技术难题,生产高纯度茄尼醇则是一项具有一定市场潜力的项目。

废次烟叶中茄尼醇的超声提取及HPLC分析测定

Extraction and determination method of solanesol in waste tobacco leaves by combination of(ultrasonic) extraction and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was demonstrated.Ultrasonic(extraction) showed advantage over the other methods.Thereby the conditions of ultrasonic extraction were(optimized).The results show that extraction yield is the highest under 80 kHz for 20 min with 80% ethanol at a ratio of V(liquid)/m(solid)=10 mL/g.

高效液相色谱法测定烟叶中茄尼醇的含量

选用Ｚｏｒｂａｘ－ＳＩＬ（２５０ｍｍ×４．６ｍｍｉ．ｄ．）色谱柱，以正己烷－异丙醚－乙酸乙酯（６３１）混合溶剂作流动相，用示差折光检测器测定了烟叶提取物中茄尼醇的含量，结果表明所用方法具有良好的分离效果和回收率，在０．２～４μｇ之间有良好的线性关系，可用于烟叶或茄尼醇产品中茄尼醇含量的测定。

茄尼醇的研究进展与展望

自然界中茄尼醇在烟叶中含量最高,作为合成辅酶Q10的中间体,具有重要的医药开发价值。从茄尼醇的生物学特性、用途、农业影响措施、提取纯化和检测方法等方面综述了国内外关于茄尼醇的研究进展,探讨烟叶资源的综合利用。目前研究的热点是提取纯化工艺,工业上的茄尼醇是从烟草中提取,采用分级浸提法纯化,高效液相色谱法检测;而调控措施研究很少,烟草不同类型与基因型间的茄尼醇含量差异较大,更重要的是受生产措施的影响,目前仅有水分和氮素方面的部分研究,因此茄尼醇在生物体中的调控研究将可能是新的研究热点。

超临界流体技术在废次烟叶中提取纯化茄尼醇的应用

以废次烟叶为原料,对超临界CO2萃取茄尼醇进行研究,考察了萃取压力、萃取温度、夹带剂用量、萃取时间对茄尼醇得率的影响,通过正交试验获得茄尼醇最适萃取条件为:萃取压力25MPa,萃取温度50℃,萃取时间2h,75%的乙醇作为夹带剂,用量为6mL/g。提取液经皂化、酸化后,用正己烷萃取得到30.5%的茄尼醇粗品。粗品经重结晶后得到80.8%茄尼醇产品,进一步通过柱色谱分离,用石油醚-乙酸乙酯(8/1,V/V)洗脱,收集相关流份,结晶得到纯度为99.3%的茄尼醇产品,整个工艺过程中茄尼醇产品的得率为0.525%。