Exergo-Environmental Study of a Recent Organic Solar Hybrid Heat Pump

A hybrid heat pump(compression/absorption)with an integrated thermal photovoltaic unit is studied.The considered working fluids are organic mixtures:R245fa/DMAC and R236fa/DMAC,chosen for their low Global Warming Potential.The main objective is the optimization of energy efficiency in order to minimize the environmental impact through the implementation of a sustainable strategy.It is shown that Exergy Analysis itself is a valuable tool in energy integration.Within the imposed framework of minimizing total annual costs,entropy analysis can be instrumental in determining the optimal plant concept,optimizing energy conversion and use,and improving profitability.The present results are discussed under the optimistic hope that they may help to define new energy and environmental policies.

Experimental Investigation on System with Combination of Ground-Source Heat Pump and Solar Collector

This paper presents the heating performance and energy distribution of a system with the combination of ground-source heat pump and solar collector or a solar-assisted ground-source heat pump system (SAGSHPS) by calculation and experiment.The results show that the average absolute error is less than 0.6 ℃ and the relative error is less than 5% under the pulse load when the analytical solution to the 2-D solid cylindrical source model is used for the SAGSHPS.The coefficient of performance (COP) of the SAGSHPS is 2.95-4.70.The average fluid temperature in the borehole heat exchanger can increase by 3 ℃ with the assistance of solar collector,which will improve the COP of the heat pump by approximately 10% from the experimental data.The energy contributions to the total heating load of soil,electricity and solar are 56.30%,36.87% and 6.83%,respectively.

Heat balance of solar-soil source heat pump compound system

Based on the state-of-the-art studies of solar-soil source heat pump compound system,operation patterns of solar-soil compound system were analyzed,particularly the advantages of parallel operation pattern.It is found that parallel operation pattern is better for solar-soil compound system.Furthermore,the heat balance issue of solar-soil compound system was emphatically analyzed from four aspects,which were annual analysis of heating and cooling load,the heat exchange of ground heat exchanger,capacity determination of solar-assisted heat source and heat balance calculation of solar-soil compound system.Moreover,annual rate of heat balance in a solar-soil source heat pump compound system was calculated with a case study.It is shown that the annual heat unbalance ratio is 19%,which is less than 20%.As a result,the practical solar-soil compound system can basically maintain the heat balance of soil.

Simulation of embedded heat exchangers of solar aided ground source heat pump system

Aimed at unbalance of soil temperature field of ground source heat pump system, solar aided energy storage system was established. In solar assisted ground-source heat pump (SAGSHP) system with soil storage, solar energy collected in three seasons was stored in the soil by vertical U type soil exchangers. The heat abstracted by the ground-source heat pump and collected by the solar collector was employed to heating. Some of the soil heat exchangers were used to store solar energy in the soil so as to be used in next winter after this heating period; and the others were used to extract cooling energy directly in the soil by circulation pump for air conditioning in summer. After that solar energy began to be stored in the soil and ended before heating period. Three dimensional dynamic numerical simulations were built for soil and soil heat exchanger through finite element method. Simulation was done in different strata month by month. Variation and restoration of soil temperature were studied. Economy and reliability of long term SAGSHP system were revealed. It can be seen that soil temperature is about 3 ℃ higher than the original one after one year's running. It is beneficial for the system to operate for long period.

Performance analysis on solar-water compound source heat pump for radiant floor heating system

A solar-water compound source heat pump for radiant floor heating (SWHP-RFH) experimental system was introduced and analyzed. The SWHP-RFH system mainly consists of 11.44 m2 vacuum tube solar collector,1 000 L water tank assisted 3 kW electrical heater,a water source heat pump,the radiant floor heating system with cross-linked polyethylene (PE-X) of diameter 20 mm,temperature controller and solar testing system. The SWHP-RFH system was tested from December to February during the heating season in Beijing,China under different operation situations. The test parameters include the outdoor air temperature,solar radiation intensity,indoor air temperature,radiation floor average surface temperature,average surface temperature of the building envelope,the inlet and outlet temperatures of solar collector,the temperature of water tank,the heat medium temperatures of heat pump condenser side and evaporator side,and the power consumption includes the water source heat pump system,the solar source heat pump system,the auxiliary heater and the radiant floor heating systems etc. The experimental results were used to calculate the collector efficiency,heat pump dynamic coefficient of performance (COP),total energy consumption and seasonal heating performance during the heating season. The results indicate that the performance of the compound source heat pump system is better than that of the air source heat pump system. Furthermore,some methods are suggested to improve the thermal performance of each component and the whole SWHP-RFH system.

The Characteristics of the Evaporator/Evaporator for Direct Expansion Solar Assisted Heat Pump System

Direct expansion solar assisted heat pump (DX-SAHP) technology is developed by combining solar energy heat utilization with heat pump energy saving technology. The experimental researches of the DX-SAHP hot water system are conducted in this paper, and overall performance of DX-SAHP is analyzed with three different structures of collectors/evaporators, namely a bare-plate collector, a glass-plate collector and double collectors/evaporators (a bare-plate collector and a glass-plate collector). The influence factors and overall performance are studied, which show that the overall performance of the system is mainly influenced by solar irradiation intensity and the collector area. Comparing with glass-plate collector in similar conditions, bare-plate collector system COP is higher. While increasing collector area is conducive to improve the system COP, but will reduce the collector efficiency and increase the workload of the compressor by comparing the bare-plate collector with double-plate collectors.

Optimization of Serial Combined System of Ground-Coupled Heat Pump and Solar Collector

A mathematical optimization model was set up for a ground-solar combined system based on in-situ experimental results, in which the solar collector was combined serially with a ground-coupled heat pump (GCHP). The universal optimal equations were solved by the constrained variable metric method considering both the per-formance and economics. Then the model was applied to a specific case concerning an actual solar assisted GCHP system for space heating. The results indicated a system coefficient of performance (COP) of 3.9 for the optimal method under the serial heating mode, and 3.2 for the conventional one. In addition, the optimum solution also showed advantages in energy and cost saving, leading to a 16.7% improvement in the heat pump performance at 17.2% less energy consumption and 11.8% lower annual cost, respectively.

矿山太阳能耦合充填体热泵系统性能研究

太阳能热泵和土壤源的结合应用不仅大大提高了清洁能源的利用率,还能很好地解决土壤因冬、夏季负荷不平衡而导致的温度场降低问题。介绍了太阳能热泵系统的分类和存在的问题,提出太阳能耦合土壤源热泵系统的必要性。针对矿井条件,进一步提出了太阳能耦合充填体热泵系统的学术理念,分析了两者结合的可能性,并以石家庄为例用TRNSYS软件进行模拟。阐述了其在夏季与过渡季蓄热、在冬季供暖的运行模式,分析了输出结果以及该系统的利用价值。结果表明:相较无太阳能蓄热充填体温度场变化率为11.56%的情况,有太阳能蓄热时温度场变化率仅为3.67%。太阳能耦合充填体热泵系统中充填体总吸热量为304377.90 kW·h,充填体总释热量为222461.89 kW·h。相当于节省标煤27.36 t,减少二氧化碳排放68.21 t。为后续充填体储热及矿区热利用提供了参考。

太阳能-空气源热泵牧草干燥系统制热性能研究

以太阳能-空气源热泵牧草干燥系统为研究对象,通过系统不同工作模式的温升、恒温制热试验及带载试验,分析了温升速率、单位温升能耗、COP及除湿效率。研究结果表明:联合制热模式与太阳能单独制热相比,单位温升耗电量降低了86.2%,温升速率提高了99~112倍。联合制热模式与热泵单独制热试验相比,在温升过程中温升速率降低了7.7%~17.6%,单位温升耗电量降低8.0%;在恒温制热过程中,前者COP比后者提高了6.5%~11.1%,耗电量降低了5.8%~10.7%;在升温制热过程中前者COP比后者提高了6.0%~10.4%,耗电量降低了6.6%~11.1%。联合干燥模式比热泵单独干燥模式的SMER值高19.8%~36.2%。

基于ANFIS的太阳能-空气源热泵供暖系统温度控制研究

针对太阳能-空气源热泵供暖系统运行环境复杂多变,模糊控制器的设计高度依赖人工经验的问题,提出一种基于自适应神经模糊推理系统(ANFIS)改进的模糊控制方法。该方法利用ANFIS在复杂系统建模中的优势,结合供暖系统温度响应特性和实际运行数据,建立联合供暖系统变工况ANFIS模型,生成与系统性能适配的模糊规则库并传递给模糊控制器执行。Matlab/Simulink仿真对比试验表明,与单一的模糊控制相比,该方法的控制精度提高了17.65%,调节时间缩短了36.4%,具有更高的控制精度和响应速度。

基于Dymola的太阳能-热泵双水箱复合供暖系统参数优化设计

为降低西北地区居民使用太阳能复合供暖系统的经济成本和碳排放量,并提高太阳能利用率,设计一种太阳能-热泵双水箱复合供暖系统,并优化其重要参数。利用Dymola平台,搭建太阳能-热泵双水箱复合供暖系统模型,目标函数是系统全生命周期成本,选取太阳能集热器面积、集热器安装倾角、水箱容量和热泵功率作为优化变量,采用遗传算法同步优化系统所选变量,并对系统的环保性进行分析。以宁夏地区为案例进行优化计算,结果表明,所创建的数学模型准确性较好,比较模拟数据与实验数据,二者平均误差均在±8%以内。在系统15年寿命周期内,优化后系统性能系数提高10.3%,水箱平均温度提高至54.71℃,系统生命周期成本减少5.3%,节能率为24.4%,节能效果显著。系统的SO_(2)、CO_(2)、NOx及烟尘的减排量分别为0.82、26.6、0.41、7.48t,该系统可以显著降低环境影响,与传统燃煤锅炉相比减排效果显著。

太阳能光热光电技术在高校宿舍的对比研究

针对夏热冬冷地区某高校宿舍用能特征,基于太阳能的两种利用方式分别设计了太阳能光热供能系统和太阳能光电供能系统。利用TRNSYS仿真软件模拟两种供能系统的运行特性,对比了两种系统的组件性能、经济性及减排量。结果表明:除假期时间外,太阳能集热单元的集热效率保持在40%左右,年太阳能保证率可达58%;并网光伏发电单元全年发电量为311 394 kW·h,发电量自用率达到70.5%。太阳能光电供能系统的年能耗费用较光热供能系统节省11万元,费用年值减少4.9万元,年碳排放量降低166 t。对光伏安装面积进行优化后可知,光伏安装面积每增加52 m^(2),光伏供能系统费用年值减少2111元。研究结果可为高校宿舍建筑选择适宜的太阳能利用形式提供参考和依据。

基于正交试验法的太阳能复合热水系统优化

为降低生活热水能耗,实现空气源热泵辅助太阳能供热水系统的高效节能运行,选取济南市某高校学生宿舍空气源热泵辅助太阳能供热水系统作为研究对象,利用瞬时系统模拟软件搭建了系统仿真模型,并采用无交互作用的正交试验法,分别以全年系统性能系数和太阳能保证率为优化目标,优化了太阳能集热器面积、集热器倾角、热泵制热功率及水箱容积,并分析其结果的经济性和节能性。结果表明:当以系统性能系数为优化目标时,最优组合中集热器面积为390 m^(2)、集热器倾角为42°、热泵制热功率为50 kW、水箱容积为23.94 m3,而动态费用年值为7.38万元,较天然气系统年节省标煤为17.12 tce;当以太阳能保证率为优化目标时,最优组合中集热器面积为342 m^(2)、集热器倾角为44°、热泵制热功率为35.5 kW、水箱容积为20.58 m3,而动态费用年值为6.56万元,较天然气系统年节省标煤为16.63 tce。

超低温空气源热泵与太阳能供热系统在寒冷地区的优化应用

为了加强对环境的保护,推动可持续发展社会的建设,超低温空气源热泵联合太阳能供热系统被研发出来。该联合系统的应用极大地缓解了当前能源紧张的问题,同时对降低环境污染、提高能源利用率、降低供暖成本也有着积极的作用。基于此,围绕超低温空气热源泵与太阳能供热系统展开论述,对当前超低温空气源热泵与太阳能联合供热系统结构进行分析,剖析其中所存在的问题,同时针对问题提出超低温空气源热泵与太阳能供热系统的优化方案,将其应用于北方寒冷地区的一建筑当中,并对应用效果进行分析。

基于PSO-MSVR的太阳能耦合土壤源热泵系统优化配置

为了优化太阳能耦合土壤源热泵系统(SGSHPS)的配置,以沈阳地区办公建筑为例,基于TRNSYS平台建立了不同运行模式的SGSHPS模型,对比分析不同模式下系统运行30 a后土壤温度不平衡率和系统总能耗;以并联过渡季蓄热模式为对象,对不同的太阳能集热系统和地埋管换热器组合方式进行模拟;在保证系统稳定的前提下,以动态费用年值最低为目标,优化太阳能集热器面积和地埋管换热器钻孔数的配置方式;引入粒子群优化-多输出支持向量机回归(PSO-MSVR)算法,使用PSO算法生成MSVR模型参数并寻找最优值。结果表明:与采用传统热平衡法确定的配置方式相比,优化后运行30 a的系统能耗降低379522 kW,节能11.2%,费用年值降低61863元,土壤温度仅上升0.73 K;对于不同的太阳能集热器和地埋管换热器造价,优化后费用年值相较优化前仍有不同程度的节省,且土壤温度均未有较大偏移。

多源分布式换能系统构建理论方法研究与应用

“双碳”背景下分布式换能系统以其在低碳环保方面的显著优势逐渐在集中供热领域得到应用。本文针对分布式换能系统中热泵、太阳能集热器、板式换热器和燃料电池等关键单元提出了单元能耗评价方法,并通过EES软件对各单元进行了热力学建模以定量评价不同单元在不同工况下的经济性,进而提出分布式换能系统的构建方法以获得流程经济性最优化。以此为依据搭建了最优化流程,并以北京地区某小区为例分析了该系统的供暖季性能,最后进行了经济性和碳减排分析。结果表明:室外温度在-10~5℃范围内变化时,该新型分布式换能系统的COP为2.69~4.43,太阳能集热器效率为45.19%~61.87%,燃料电池日发电量为8047.4~32228.0 kW·h;与常规热力站相比,该新型分布式换能系统的运行成本节省率为32.66%~53.92%,碳减排率为69.07%~73.29%。

相变蓄热型空气源热泵系统与太阳能互补供暖系统的优化研究

结合相变蓄热型空气源热泵与太阳能供暖,可在充分利用太阳能资源的同时,提升系统供热能力。为保障供热效率,提供高质量的能量资源,针对相变蓄热型空气源热泵系统与太阳能互补供暖系统的优化展开研究。根据相变蓄热型空气源热泵的热转化模式及热能转化效率,分析供热系统的热力作用效果,在此基础上,对太阳能供暖系统的供热性能进行深入研究。结合上述两者的应用优势,分别从优化相变材料配置、提升太阳能集热器效率、优化系统控制策略、改进热能传输与利用等多个方面着手,定义具体的供暖系统优化设计方案。

高校宿舍太阳能-空气源热泵复合热水系统设计与应用探讨

在当前积极倡导节能减排的政策要求下,可再生能源利用逐渐普及。以西安建筑科技大学学生宿舍太阳能-空气源热泵复合热水系统为例,阐述了复合热水系统的构成、工作原理,对太阳能集热系统、空气源热泵换热系统、热水供水系统等进行了设计计算,给出了集热器、热泵机组、集热水箱、供热水箱等主要设备的选型结果,提出了系统运行控制方案,并结合实际运行工况下的热性能数据,计算得到系统在不同季节的太阳能保证率、热泵能效比COP值,表明系统具有极大的节能性。