Preparation of silver-coated glass frit and its application in silicon solar cells

A simple electroless plating process was employed to prepare silver-coated glass frits for solar cells. The surface of the glass frits was modified with polyvinyl-pyrrolidone（PVP） before the electroless plating process. Infrared（IR） spectroscopy,field emission scanning electron microscopy（FESEM）, and x-ray diffraction（XRD） were used to characterize the PVP modified glass frits and investigate the mechanism of the modification process. It was found that the PVP molecules adsorbed on the glass frit surface and reduced the silver ions to the silver nanoparticles. Through epitaxial growth, these nanoparticles were uniformly deposited onto the surface of the glass frit. Silicon solar cells with this novel silver coating exhibited a photoelectric conversion efficiency increase of 0.33%. Compared with the electroless plating processes, this method provides a simple route to prepare silver-coated glass frits without introducing impurity ions.

Effect of SiO_2/B_2O_3 Ratio on the Property of Borosilicate Glass Applied in Parabolic Trough Solar Power Plant

This work aimed to analyze the glass material used for sealing the end of a thermal collector in a parabolic trough solar power plant. Based on matched sealing requirements and application performance of glass and Kovar alloy 4J29, one borosilicate glass material （GD480S）, whose expansion coefficient was similar to that of Kovar alloy 4J29, was studied. Moreover, the effect of the ratio of SiO2 to B203 on the glass properties was explored in detail by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. As the SiO2 to B203 ratio in the glass increased from 4.18 to 5.77, the expansion coefficient showed a decreasing trend from 4.95×10-6/℃ to 4.55℃ 10-6/℃. In addition, the water resistance performance improved, enabling the glass material to seal well with the alloy for application in a trough solar power plant. Thus, the increase in the SiO2 to B2O3 ratio made the glass structure more compact and improved the glass performance to meet the requirements of an industrial tubular receiver.

Optical properties of CeO_2/Fe_3O_4 solar control glass coating

A cerium-iron oxide solar control coating on glass was prepared by citric acid sol-gel method, dip-coating techniques and proper heat treatment process. Results show that the cerium-iron glass coating is composed of nanocrystalline CeO2, Fe2O3, and nano holes. The cerium-iron glass coating has high transmittance in visible light, low UV and near IR transmittance. The wavelength of absorption edge for most glass coating has an obvious redshift to about 375 nm. There exist a wide absorption band at the range of 800-1600 nm and high transmittance at the wavelength from 400 nm to 800 nm, and the solar energy and visible transmittances are 50% and 65%, respectively. It ascribes to the high content of trivalence cerium and bivalence iron ions in the cerium/iron coating. It is indicated that this kind of glass coating has very good UV-sheering and heat-insulating property, can be used as an effective solar control glass in automobile and architecture.

Performance of Water in Glass Evacuated Tube Solar Water Heater under Kenya Climatic Condition

Solar water heaters which provide a cost-effective and environmental friendly approach to hot water generation are in widespread application. Evacuated tube solar water heaters perform better than flat plate solar water heaters as a result of their greater surface area exposed for sunlight absorption. Water-in-glass evacuated tube solar water heaters are widely used as compared to heat-pipe solar water heaters due to their short payback periods. In this study, the performance of water-in-glass evacuated tube solar water heater is investigated through experiments under the climatic conditions in Kenya. The results revealed a daily efficiency range of 0.58 - 0.65 and a daily final outlet temperature greater than 55°C given an initial temperature of 25°C.

全玻璃真空太阳集热管关键技术参数研究进展

全玻璃真空太阳集热管是太阳能热利用系统的重要组成部分,其性能参数的优劣直接影响到太阳能热利用系统的热性能、耐久可靠性和节能效果。文章从真空管基本结构和工作原理的介绍出发,对影响真空管性能的光学性能、热性能等关键技术参数及玻璃管材料、真空性能等其他技术要求的研究进展做了详细分析,并在长期从事科研和检测工作的基础上,给出了提升真空管的产品性能可从玻璃管生产优化、新涂层开发、真空性能加强、技术创新、先进设备开发、标准修订等方面的建议。

高反射釉料对不同厚度光伏玻璃断裂强度的影响

高反射釉料常被涂覆在光伏玻璃上以提升其光电转化效率,然而,高反射釉料对光伏玻璃断裂强度的影响尚不明确。本文采用双环测试和四点弯曲测试定量研究了玻璃厚度(1.55、1.86和2.89 mm)、釉料种类(A和B)、加载速率(2、20、50 mm/min)及上压头受力面(釉料面、玻璃面)等对光伏玻璃断裂强度的影响,并结合Weibull分布分析变量对光伏玻璃断裂强度的影响。研究结果表明,两种高反射釉料都能显著降低光伏玻璃的断裂强度,其中,在釉料面朝下时,双环测试的断裂强度降低超过72%,远超过四点弯曲强度的降低幅度(26%~46%)。此外,随着玻璃厚度的下降,断裂强度显著降低,例如,四点弯曲测试中,2.89 mm厚度带釉料的全钢化光伏玻璃断裂强度为104 MPa,而1.55和1.86 mm厚度半钢化光伏玻璃的断裂强度仅为68和73 MPa。通过扫描电子显微镜发现,釉料层与光伏玻璃基体中的微孔等缺陷是导致光伏玻璃断裂强度下降的主要原因。

光伏玻璃产业发展现状及趋势预测

光伏组件装机的增长推动了光伏产业的发展,为光伏玻璃行业带来了机遇。本文阐述了光伏玻璃发展现状及趋势预测,企业布局光伏玻璃应具备的核心竞争要素以及风险范围和应对措施等。

内聚焦真空管集热器热泵系统实验研究及分析

本文提出了一种集热蒸发器为内聚焦真空管的直膨式太阳能热泵来提升系统性能,并搭建实验台获取实验数据,深入研究不同工况下系统的热力学性能。结果表明,太阳辐照强度对系统性能影响显著,当太阳辐照强度由400 W/m^(2)上升到800 W/m^(2)时,系统COP由4.18升至5.34,集热效率由0.94降至0.67,此时系统损由1175.33 W升高到2290.27 W,系统效率由16.82%下降到11.99%,此外循环水入水温度和环境温度对系统的性能影响远小于太阳辐照强度。集热蒸发器是系统从太阳辐射获取能量的部件,对它的设计优化将有助于改善系统性能。

光伏组件轻量化发展与研究进展

光伏发电成为最受欢迎的清洁能源之一,光伏组件作为光伏系统中的重要设备之一,随着封装材料和工艺技术的进步,组件也在朝着轻量化的趋势发展,通过减小组件自重,降低对支架系统的载荷,以适应更多的场景和应用环境。然而随着组件质量的减小,封装材料的改变,组件自身的可靠性面临更高要求。本文就单玻组件、双玻组件和近年来提出的轻质柔性组件各自发展趋势、封装材料、封装结构的特性和可靠性进行了分析,对光伏组件的轻量化发展进行了综述,并提出了今后的发展趋势和方向,以及轻质柔性组件所面临的挑战,为轻质柔性组件的设计开发提供参考。

大型平板玻璃生产线的成品吊装运输技术和仓储管理

随着平板玻璃生产制造技术的迭代式进步,其制造工艺日趋成熟,市场竞争也愈发激烈。因浮法玻璃下游客户常用的单块玻璃规格尺寸达350种以上,且厚度、质量等级切换频繁,对平板玻璃仓储管理和玻璃成品吊装运技术提出了更高的要求。某大型平板玻璃生产线通过重新规划、货架改造升级、吊装装置研发创新及优化管理模式,实现了成品仓库存储容量的最大化,提高了吊装、出入库的效率,满足了扩产成品仓库存储的需求。

玻璃幕墙建筑中入射太阳辐射逃逸性计算

太阳发出的辐射能量由于地表建筑物的吸收、再辐射等过程,部分能量未能有效捕获而逃逸到空间中。传统建筑中假设入射进入室内太阳辐射不能再次通过窗户逃逸,但这一假设不适用于玻璃幕墙建筑。为了计算太阳辐射逃逸率,文章基于辐射度照射法建立了太阳辐射模型,使用Matlab软件进行了模拟计算,计算并分析了在不同时间尺度上的太阳辐射逃逸率变化规律。数值计算结果表明,不同时间的逃逸太阳辐射率随太阳辐射入射角变化而变化,日墙方位角越小,太阳辐射逃逸率越小。南朝向房间夏至日太阳辐射逃逸率变化范围为8.88%~10.29%,全年太阳辐射逃逸率呈周期性波动,秋季与冬季的波动较大,波幅达6.8%,而夏至日时全天变化仅为1.4%。通过加权平均计算,得到太阳辐射逃逸率夏季最大为9.26%,其次是过渡季,冬季最小为8.12%。

中空玻璃太阳得热系数和可见光透射比计算

太阳得热系数和可见光透射比是评价中空玻璃隔热性能、采光性能的重要指标。JGJ/T 151—2008《建筑门窗玻璃幕墙热工计算规程》中给出了基于太阳辐射照度的太阳得热系数和可见光透射比计算方法,在此基础上提出了基于单片玻璃光热参数的太阳得热系数和可见光透射比计算方法;采用基于单片玻璃光热参数的计算方法、基于太阳辐射照度的计算方法、软件MQMC计算和实测验证对结果进行了对比,证明了基于单片玻璃光热参数的中空玻璃太阳得热系数和可见光透射比计算方法的可靠性。该方法对于中空玻璃光热性能评价、相关工具开发和建筑节能工作的推进具有重要意义。

全氧燃烧玻璃料方的设计

太阳能玻璃因其作为光伏产业的关键材料,其生产过程中的能效提升和节能环保成为研究的重点。通过分析全氧燃烧窑炉泡沫层较厚问题,结合行业标准JC/T2001-2009《太阳电池用玻璃》规定,提出一种太阳能玻璃料方设计,提供参考和借鉴。

高反射高遮蔽内置百叶中空玻璃的隔热性能模拟分析

采用WINDOW7软件研究百叶太阳光反射率和百叶角度对三玻两腔的电动内置百叶中空玻璃和磁控内置百叶中空玻璃太阳得热系数(SHGC)的影响。结果表明,百叶角度越大、百叶太阳光反射率越高,电动内置百叶中空玻璃和磁控内置百叶中空玻璃的太阳得热系数越低,电动内置百叶中空玻璃的太阳得热系数最低为0.108,符合GB/T 51350—2019《近零能耗建筑技术标准》中夏季太阳得热系数≤0.15的要求。电动内置百叶中空玻璃应用在近零能耗建筑时,可选用银色涂料百叶或热反射涂料百叶,并结合采用高遮蔽百叶帘实现其太阳得热系数符合近零能耗建筑应用要求。

光伏玻璃在双碳目标下的生产应用和前景

碳达峰碳中和目标下,新能源的应用与日俱增,其中光伏发电占据重要地位。光伏玻璃作为光伏组件的重要组成部分,其性能直接影响到光伏组件的发电效率和使用寿命,通过介绍光伏玻璃面板和背板的作用,以及从原片到深加工的生产工艺流程,探讨决定光伏玻璃品质的控制难点,列举光伏玻璃的应用及发展前景。

全玻璃真空管型太阳能热水器在嘉兴地区节能量与减排量分析

为评估太阳能热水器对“双碳”战略的贡献,减少对化石燃料的依赖,推动能源结构的优化和转型升级,在嘉兴地区通过对全玻璃真空管型太阳能热水器在实际使用工况下进行热性能测试分析.试验结果表明:在实际使用工况下,环境温度和辐照量是影响太阳能热水器日有用得热量的重要因素;78和75管间距的年节能量分别为451.87 kWh/(m^(2)·a)、467.46 kWh/(m^(2)·a),CO_(2)年减排量分别为338.9 kg/(m^(2)·a)、350.6 kg/(m^(2)·a),经估算2021年太阳能光热利用CO_(2)减排量约占全国碳排放总量的12.6%.

建筑节能设计Low-E玻璃窗的遮阳参数取值分析

节能外窗属于精密工业制品,也是建筑工程外围护结构的重要组成部分。为能降低房间内的夏季太阳得热,工程中通常采用低辐射Low-E玻璃外窗,但由于国家及各地区的技术规范对Low-E玻璃窗的参数取值不尽相同、审图机构的把握尺度不一、门窗厂家的加工技术水平参差不齐,为能解决Low-E玻璃外窗的遮阳参数取值和选型困难的问题,达到概念清晰、数据可靠、便于实施的目的,文中采用公式计算和查表对比的方法,对规范的遮阳参数概念作补充说明,同时结合江苏某住宅项目的工程实践,给出Low-E玻璃窗遮阳参数的取值原则和建议,并认为一般Low-E玻璃的自遮阳系数取值最高不应超过0.60。

膜层结构对光伏镀膜玻璃的影响研究

为更好地分析和评估膜层结构对光伏镀膜玻璃的影响,对采用不同厚度、不同膜层结构的光伏镀膜玻璃的光学性能、膜层铅笔硬度、膜层微观结构进行了对比,分析了不同类型环境老化试验对光伏镀膜玻璃性能的影响,并研究了不同膜层结构对光伏镀膜玻璃性能的影响机理。研究结果表明:在光伏玻璃表面镀减反射膜能有效提升其光学性能,在380~1100 nm波段,相较于3.2 mm光伏玻璃原片,3.2 mm单层和双层镀膜玻璃的平均太阳光有效透射比增益分别为2.27%和2.50%;光伏镀膜玻璃的光学性能受膜层结构、膜层厚度及膜层孔隙率的影响,单层镀膜及双层镀膜表层膜孔隙率均约为49%,双层镀膜底层膜的孔隙率约为12%;双层镀膜玻璃的膜层铅笔硬度比单层镀膜玻璃的低,主要是因为表层膜的Si—O—Si网络结构建立在底层膜的网络结构上,表层膜与底层膜之间的结合力低于网络结构与玻璃基体之间的结合力;双层镀膜玻璃由于有1层致密底层膜,能有效阻隔水汽及污染物与玻璃基体发生反应,使其具有更好的耐环境老化性能。

Enhanced Oil Recovery by Using Solar Energy: Case Study

This study investigates the steam generating potential of a solar steam generation system and the potential for utility scale implementation in Libya oil for steam demanding enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods. The proposed system uses parabolic troughs as solar collectors. The technology is proved to be technically feasible. Solar EOR should be seen as an add-on to existing plants due to the abundance of solar energy in Libya. The System Advisor Model (SAM) model system, developed by the National Office of Renewable Energy (NRE), was used to assess the plant’s active and economic performance.

Study of Different Parameters Affecting the Productivity of Solar Still for Seawater Desalination under Djiboutian Climate

Experimental studies were carried out to determine the influence of solar radiation, temperatures variations, basin water amount, wind speed, glass cover thickness and salinity on the daily production of the distillate output using solar desalination process, namely single slope solar still to produce fresh water from seawater in the context of Djibouti. The temperatures variations increase in relation to solar radiation. Consequently the hourly distillate output increases and reaches a maximum around noon when the solar still receives maximum intensity of solar radiation. An inverse relation is found between glass cover thickness, basin water amount and distillate output production. The variation wind speed has an effect on the daily production;which increases in relation to wind speed. In order to assess the effect of salinity on the daily production, the solar still is provided with brackish water to compare the daily production obtained from seawater. Experimental results show that the cumulative productivity decreases when there is an increase of salinity. In addition, the quality of the distillate output was tested by measuring TDS, EC, pH, hardness water and chlorides and was compared to WHO standards. The values obtained for these parameters were in accordance with the requirements of WHO and good removal efficiency for four parameters.