Flexible-die forming process with solid granule medium on sheet metal

Certain non-metallic granules （NMG） were selected as the research object. It was proposed to conduct the volume compression experiments as well as those on the NMG physical properties at high stress levels. Then, not only the volume compression ratio curve but also the extended Drucker-Prager linear model were obtained. In addition, through the friction strength tests, parameters of the Mohr-Coulomb model were gained, which proved in basic agreement with those of the extended Drucker-Prager linear model. Additionally, curves of the friction coefficients between the NMG and the sheet metal trader different pressures were also obtained. Based on the material performance experiments, numerical analysis in respect of flexible-die forming process with solid granule medium （SGM） was conducted. The die and device for experiments of solid granule medium forming （SGMF） on sheet metal were designed and manufactured. Typical parabolic parts were successfully trial-produced. The tests and simulation results show that the sheet formability is significantly improved for the extraordinary friction performance during interaction between the SGM and the sheet metal surface. The process control and die structure are simple, and the shaped work-pieces enjoy many advantages, such as satisfactory surface quality and favorable die fitability, which offers a brand-new method and means for processing and preparation of sheet metals.

Process of back pressure deep drawing with solid granule medium on sheet metal

The experimental die apparatus of the solid granules medium forming on sheet metal was designed and manufactured.Typical parts,such as conical,parabolic,cylindrical and square-box-shaped components,were successfully trial-produced as well.According to the analysis of the changing trends of the cross-section shape and the wall thickness during the process,it can be found that the shape of the free deformation zone of the sheet metal,which is the most critical thinning area,can be described as an approximately spherical cap.According to this forming feature,back pressure deep drawing technology with solid granules medium on sheet metal was proposed to restrain drastic thinning at the bottom of the part through the joint friction effect of solid granules medium,the back pressure tringle and the sheet metal.Therefore,the deep drawing limit of the sheet metal is significantly improved.In order to fabricate thin-walled rotary parts with great drawing ratio and complex cross-sections,a finite element model based on the material property test of the solid granules medium was established to optimize the scheme of the back pressure deep drawing.The effects on the forming performance of sheet metal from back pressure load and the approach of blank holding control were analyzed through this model.

Preparation and evaluation of alpha-mangostin solid self-emulsifying drug delivery system

Alpha-mangostin(AMG),a natural xanthone extracted from Garcinia mangostana Linn,has a variety of pharmacological therapeutic effects such as antioxidant activity,antibacterial activity,anticancer,and anti-inflammatory[1].However,it has poor aqueous-solubility and dissolution,which results in low bioavailability.Solid self-emulsifying drug delivery system(solid-SEDDS),an effective pharmaceutical strategy,offers the potential for enhancing the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs[2].Therefore,solid-SEDDS is of interest as a potential method for enhancing the solubility and dissolution of AMG.

Sludge granulation and efficiency of phase separator in UASB reactor treating combined industrial effluent

Sludge granulation and the effect of gas-liquid-solid separator （GLSS） design on the efficiency of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket （UASB） and upflow anaerobic sludge filter （UASF） reactors, operating at HRTs ranging from 3 to 12 h was investigated. VSS/TS ratio gradually increased in both the reactors with increasing sludge age （from 0.5 to more than 0.7 for UASB reactor and 0.012 to 0.043 for UASF reactor）. X-Ray diffraction analysis of the UASF sludge showed the presence of expanding clays revealing its additional absorption capability. Fuoraphyllite and albite precipitation related to excellular polymers of the microbial shell structure, showed the extended growth of microorganisms during sludge granulation. A gradual decrease （82%-69%） in COD removal with decreasing HRT was apparent in UASF reactor. In case of UASB reactor, this decrease was marginal because addition of GLSS device significantly improved （14%-20%） the overall efficiency of the UASB reactor. GLSS enhanced the efficiency of the UASB reactor by increasing the settleability of suspended particles and accelerating the coagulation of colloidal particles due to the velocity gradient.

城市碳氢固废粒化预处理产物的高炉喷吹特性

为缓解城市生活垃圾带来的环境污染问题,本文以废弃的食品袋、手提袋、垃圾袋、快递袋、纸屑、秸秆和土壤为原料,按照相应比例进行混合配制,将所得的城市碳氢固废进行粒化预处理并用于高炉喷吹,研究粒化产物的成分、着火点、爆炸性、燃烧性、气化性等高炉喷吹特性。结果表明:城市碳氢固废粒化产物的挥发分、固定碳、灰分质量分数分别为61.56%、19.02%、19.42%,且其热值较高,为25 497.3 kJ/kg;粒化产物的着火点为241℃,与无烟煤混合后着火点升高;粒化产物有强爆炸性,与无烟煤混合后爆炸性减弱。该粒化产物和无烟煤混合后,其燃烧性能和反应性能显著改善。该粒化产物的添加比为40%时,既能保证高炉的安全喷吹,又能对无烟煤的燃烧起促进作用,且生产1 t生铁最多可降低190.4 kg碳排放。研究结果表明,城市碳氢固废可以作为高炉喷吹的优质燃料,同时可在一定程度上降低高炉工序的碳排放。

响应面法优化顶空固相微萃取分析茉莉加香颗粒挥发性成分

目的建立顶空固相微萃取(head space-solid phase microextraction,HS-SPME)分析茉莉加香颗粒挥发性成分的检测方法。方法采用HS-SPME和气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS),以总峰个数为指标,在选定萃取头的基础上,采用单因素实验法分析萃取温度、萃取时间、解吸时间对萃取效果的影响,根据单因素实验结果运用Box-Benhnken中心组合实验设计响应面优化萃取条件,并在最优萃取条件下对茉莉加香颗粒挥发性成分进行分析鉴定。结果50/30μm DVB/CAR/PDMS萃取头对茉莉加香颗粒挥发性成分萃取效果较好;响应面法得到最佳萃取条件为萃取温度62℃,萃取时间26.5 min,解吸时间2.6 min。在最佳条件下茉莉加香颗粒共检测出61种挥发性成分,占流出组分总量的87.97%,其中酯类16种、烯烃类21种、烷烃类7种、醛酮类3种、酚类1种、醇类2种、杂环类1种、其他类10种。结论本研究建立了茉莉加香颗粒挥发性成分的检测方法,此方法快速准确,为加香颗粒挥发性成分的检测研究提供技术支撑。

制远志配方颗粒制备工艺研究

目的优化制远志配方颗粒最佳水提取制备工艺,为工业化生产制远志配方颗粒提供理论依据。方法以出膏率、细叶远志皂苷、远志酮Ⅲ和3,6′-二芥子酰基蔗糖的含量及含量转移率为考察指标,设计以加水倍量、煎煮次数、煎煮时间为因素的L 9(34)正交试验,筛选出制远志配方颗粒最佳水提取工艺。结果制远志配方颗粒最佳提取工艺为提取3次,加水倍量分别为10/8/8倍量,煎煮时间分别为1.0/1.0/1.0 h。结论该工艺稳定、可靠,可为制远志配方颗粒标准化、工业化生产提供一定的参考依据。

参麦颗粒中红参掺伪研究

目的建立参麦颗粒中红参掺伪的检查方法。方法采用固相萃取-超高效液相色谱串联质谱(SPE-UPLC-MS/MS)法,色谱柱为Shimadzu Shim-pack GIST C18柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,2μm),流动相为乙腈-水(梯度洗脱),流速为0.35 mL/min,柱温为40℃,进样量为5μL。电喷雾离子源、负离子模式(ESI-),多反应监测(MRM)模式。结果拟人参皂苷F11质量浓度在9.030~344.0 ng/mL范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(r=0.9992,n=5),检测限和定量限分别为1.1288,22.8 ng/mL;精密度、稳定性、重复性试验结果的RSD均小于4.0%;平均加样回收率为108.17%,RSD为4.24%(n=6)。以0.051μg/g为掺伪判定限度,3家企业的85批样品中有9批超出限度(检出率为10.59%)。结论所建立的方法简便快速、准确度高、专属性强,可作为参麦颗粒中红参掺伪的检查方法。

Flexible die drawing of magnesium alloy sheet by superimposing ultrasonic vibration

Combining solid granule medium forming technology with ultrasonic vibration plastic forming technology, ultrasonic vibration granule medium forming （UGMF） technology was proposed. To reveal the effect of ultrasonic vibration on flexible-die deep drawing, an ultrasonic vibration with a frequency of 20 kHz and a maximum output of 1.5 kW was on the solid granule medium deep drawing of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet. The results revealed that ultrasonic vibration promotes the pressure transmission performance of the granule medium and the formability of the sheet. The forming load declines with the ultrasonic amplitude during the drawing process as a result of the combined influence of the ＂surface effect＂ and the ＂softening＂ of the ＂volume effect＂.

固体颗粒介质的传压性能实验研究

介绍了固体颗粒介质成形新工艺。测试分析了钢球作为固体颗粒传压介质的压力分布及压头锥角对压力分布的影响规律。实验实测表明,钢球作为固体颗粒介质其传压性能稳定;钢球承压能力强,可反复使用。在成形过程中,可以通过调节压力分布对材料的流动进行有效控制,使管材在最有利的受力条件下成形,提高管坯成形极限和成形性能。

板料固体颗粒介质成形新工艺及其数值模拟

在板料成形技术中,板料软模成形是板料成形工艺中发展最快的工艺。但传统的板料软模成形工艺存在着许多缺点。为此,提出了既能克服现有软模成形工艺的缺点,又汲取各自优点的新的软模成形工艺——板料固体颗粒介质成形新工艺。板料固体颗粒介质成形新工艺是采用固体颗粒介质代替刚性凸模(或弹性体、液体)的作用对板料进行软模成形的先进工艺。该工艺具有模具结构简单,零件表面质量好,能够有效提高板材成形极限,节省多套模具和设备等优点。应用本工艺成功试制出深曲面类典型零件。通过将固体颗粒介质作为连续体介质处理,建立了子午面为抛物线形件的有限元模型。模拟和实测结果对比表明,应用连续体材料模型的模拟结果和实测结果较为接近。

管材固体颗粒介质成形新工艺

传统的软模成形技术促进了管材成形技术的发展,但也存在许多不足。针对传统软模成形的缺点提出管材固体颗粒介质成形新工艺(Solid granules medium forming technology,SGMF)。该新工艺既可解决流体介质、粘性介质的密封难题,又具有内压非均匀分布,便于控制工件成形,提高材料成形极限的优点,为材料的制备和加工提供了新的方法和手段。针对固体颗粒介质传压特点,提出线性载荷模型和余弦载荷模型。采用塑性理论对非均匀内压作用下的管材成形过程中,自由变形区塑性变形进行研究,建立在非均匀内压作用下的管材成形塑性理论,得到自由变形区应力、应变、厚度计算公式,并通过试验进行实际验证。

管材固体颗粒介质成形工艺及其塑性理论研究

提出一种既能克服刚性模成形和软模成形的缺点又吸取它们各自优点的成形工艺———管材固体颗粒成形工艺(SGMF),为材料的制备和加工提供了新的方法和手段。采用塑性理论对非均匀内压作用下的管材成形过程中的自由变形区塑性变形进行研究,建立了在非均匀内压作用下的管材成形塑性理论,得到了自由变形区的应力、应变及其壁厚的理论计算公式,并通过试验进行了实际验证。

基于固体颗粒介质成形工艺筒形件拉深力学分析

将固体颗粒介质成形工艺应用于金属板材圆筒件的拉深成形,建立相应的板材拉深力学模型。在固体颗粒传力衰减模型的基础上,通过对工件直壁区的力学分析,得到拉深过程中所需压头单位压力的函数关系式。该关系式表明,当筒形件的直壁段成形后,随着拉深系数的增加,压头最大单位压力呈线性逐渐减小;板材与凹模表面间摩擦因数增大将导致压头单位压力加大,并且该增加趋势非常明显;颗粒介质与板材之间的摩擦因数增大却可以减小压头单位压力;随着颗粒介质初始装料高度的增加,压头单位压力相应增加,这是颗粒介质所传递的应力随传递距离增加而逐渐衰减的结果。并以镁合金板材为研究对象,进行基于颗粒介质成形工艺的拉深试验和有限元模拟验证。研究结果表明,试验、模拟结果与理论值基本吻合。

苦瓜颗粒冲剂的工艺研究

研究了苦瓜颗粒冲剂固体饮料的加工工艺。结果表明,以鲜苦瓜为原料,用100mg/kg葡萄糖酸锌作为护色剂、1%β-环状糊精作为苦味包埋剂,可制得质量良好的苦瓜汁;采用浓缩苦瓜汁、麦芽糊精、蔗糖、柠檬酸等原料的复配重量比5∶45∶50∶0.3以及恰当的工艺条件,可得到品质风味优良的苦瓜颗粒冲剂。

散体系统冲击破碎的动力学分析

针对球形粒子组成的散体系统,基于离散单元法,将球形粒子离散成弹簧-球单元系统,给出了离散单元的运动方程,建立了离散单元之间的弹性力和接触力的计算模型,并用Mohr-Coulomb型破坏准则判断粒子的破碎。运用上述方法,对圆筒内由脆性材料组成的散体系统在冲击载荷下的挤压破碎过程进行了数值模拟;计算过程中,跟踪散体系统中每个粒子在不同时刻的破碎情况;分析了散体系统冲击破碎过程数值模拟结果的主要影响因素。结果显示:数值模拟过程中需综合考虑计算精度和计算时间之间的平衡;相同的计算条件下,颗粒的初始堆积方式不同,计算得到的散体系统的破碎程度不同。

茯苓山药枸杞固体饮料的制备

采用茯苓、山药、枸杞子、黄精、玉竹、人参等为原料,研究与开发一款具有滋阴补肾、缓解体力疲劳功能的植物固体饮料。采用单因素试验与正交试验方法对浓缩液的喷雾干燥工艺进行优化,获得最佳喷雾干燥工艺参数;采用感官评价法选择适宜的甜味剂与酸味剂来确定茯苓山药枸杞固体饮料的最适食用口感。结果表明,喷雾干燥最佳工艺条件为进风温度170℃、恒流泵流速45 r/min、雾化器转速21000 r/min、助干剂麦芽糊精含量15%,具有较好的集粉率。优选制粒方法为干法制粒,按照最佳配方比例喷干粉:麦芽糊精:甜菊糖苷:维生素C为1∶1∶0.02∶0.045进行制备,所获得的茯苓山药枸杞固体饮料具有酸甜可口、香气浓郁协调一致等优点,不添加防腐剂与色素,健康安全,携带与饮用方便,易被大多数人所接受。

板材固体颗粒介质成形新工艺

提出了板材固体颗粒介质成形新工艺,即采用固体颗粒介质代替刚性凸模(或弹性体、液体)的作用对板料进行软模成形的工艺。通过成形试验,对板材固体颗粒介质成形新工艺的工艺过程、成形特点进行了论述,并进行了数值模拟。试验和模拟结果表明,应用固体颗粒介质成形工艺可以极大限度地发挥板料的成形性能,不需要任何辅助工序,可以一次成形深拉深件,且表面质量好,成品率高。

高压下固体颗粒介质的压力分布

通过实验,测试分析了固体颗粒介质的压力分布以及压头锥角、压力、装料体积等因素对压力分布的影响规律。成形压力沿半径方向呈不均匀分布,可用线性或二次函数曲线进行近似表示。不均匀分布的压力有利于在成形中控制板料表面压力,使板材在最有利的受力条件下成形,提高板料成形极限和成形性能,实现局部成形,适合于低塑性、难加工材料的成形。