Tanshinone ⅡA improves Alzheimer’s disease via RNA nuclearenriched abundant transcript 1/microRNA-291a-3p/member RAS oncogene family Rab22a axis

BACKGROUND Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.Tanshinone ⅡA(Tan-ⅡA),a bioactive compound isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza plants,has shown potential neuroprotective effects;however,the mechanisms underlying such a function remain unclear.AIM To investigate potential Tan-ⅡA neuroprotective effects in AD and to elucidate their underlying mechanisms.METHODS Hematoxylin and eosin staining was utilized to analyze structural brain tissue morphology.To assess changes in oxidative stress and neuroinflammation,we performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting.Additionally,the effect of Tan-ⅡA on AD cell models was evaluated in vitro using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.Genetic changes related to the long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1(NEAT1)/microRNA(miRNA,miR)-291a-3p/member RAS oncogene family Rab22a axis were assessed through reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS In vivo,Tan-ⅡA treatment improved neuronal morphology and attenuated oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the brain tissue of AD mice.In vitro experiments showed that Tan-ⅡA dose-dependently ameliorated the amyloid-beta 1-42-induced reduction of neural stem cell viability,apoptosis,oxidative stress,and neuroinflammation.In this process,the lncRNA NEAT1-a potential therapeutic target-is highly expressed in AD mice and downregulated via Tan-ⅡA treatment.Mechanistically,NEAT1 promotes the transcription and translation of Rab22a via miR-291a-3p,which activates nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)signaling,leading to activation of the pro-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein and inhibition of the anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 protein,which exacerbates AD.Tan-ⅡA intervention effectively blocked this process by inhibiting the NEAT1/miR-291a-3p/Rab22a axis and NF-κB signaling.CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that Tan-ⅡA exerts neuroprotective effects in AD by modulating the NEAT1/miR-291a-3p/Rab22a/NF-κB signaling pathway,serving as a foundation for the development of innovative approaches for AD therapy.

Reacting to Epidemics:The Innovative Imperial Public Health System during the Late Northern Song Dynasty

Song China was a period in which China experienced a great increase in its population.Concurrently,the Song dynasty also experienced a rise in the frequency of epidemics and two major wars with the Western Xia and Liao dynasties during the 1000s and 1040s.The consequences of these changes were exacerbated by the increased geographical mobility of certain social groups such as traders and examinees attending civil service examinations.Thus,casualties of wars,epidemics,or disease,especially of people whose families were far away and could not care for them were left without care and“their corpses often lay bare along the roads.”This new social environment created a need for general relief.The Northern Song government(960-1127 CE),especially during the reign of Emperor Huizong,established an innovative public health system to address this issue.The public health system included poorhouses,public hospitals,and pauper’s cemeteries.The first were more of charity organizations,whereas the latter two promoted public health by providing medical services for the poor and burial for those that nobody cared for.In terms of rationale behind these institutions,on the one hand,they constituted an attempt to get the poor and homeless off the streets while providing them relief or burial.On the other hand,it seems that Huizong’s deep concern with medicine propelled him to design and implement a comprehensive public health system oriented to prevent contagion and outbreak of epidemics.This article depicts the background,the organization,and the functions of the system.The article also discusses the conditions and reasons that gave rise to such a unique undertaking by the Northern Song government.

Intertextuality in“The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock”

T.S.Eliot was a leader of the Modernist movement in poetry.His early poem The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock reveals the disappointment,loss,confusion and lack of faith that prevailed in Western society after the World WarⅠ.In this paper,the text of Love Song will be assessed from the perspective of intertextuality through the connection of the fantasy world and the disconnection of the real world.

A Family of Global Attractors for the Generalized Kirchhoff-Beam Equations

In this paper, we discuss the existence and uniqueness of global solutions, the existence of the family of global attractors and its dimension estimation for generalized Beam-Kirchhoff equation under initial conditions and boundary conditions, using the previous research results for reference. Firstly, the existence of bounded absorption set is proved by using a prior estimation, then the existence and uniqueness of the global solution of the problem is proved by using the classical Galerkin’s method. Finally, Housdorff dimension and fractal dimension of the family of global attractors are estimated by linear variational method and generalized Sobolev-Lieb-Thirring inequality.

Analysis of The Shape and Architectural Characteristics of The Song Family Courtyard in Yuzhou,Henan

Due to the special geographical location and environment of Yuzhou and the convenient transportation conditions,the progress of political,economic,and cultural exchanges,has led to a wide variety of residential buildings and even prototypes of residential buildings in various parts of Henan and even in the middle reaches of the Yellow River are not uncommon in Yuzhou.Therefore,Yuzhou folk houses can be called one of the typical representatives of the traditional residential architectural culture in the Central Plains.Taking the Song Family Courtyard in Qianjing Village in Yuzhou Region as the research object,this paper obtains first-hand data and materials from fieldwork method and literature analysis methods.Besides,this paper not only comprehensively analyzes the shape system,architectural characteristics,and decorative art content of residential buildings through data measurement,on-site mapping,etc.,but also sorts out and demonstrates the characteristics of residential buildings under the influence of the traditional religious ritual law system and social hierarchy.This paper provides theoretical support for further improving and enriching the theoretical achievements of traditional residential dwellings in the Yuzhou area and also provides a theoretical basis for the protection,inheritance,and reuse of residential dwellings in the Yuzhou area,aiming to lay a foundation for subsequent research.

An analysis of“The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock”

T.S.Eliot 's poem,"The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock",different and unusual,is difficult to interpret.T.S.Eliot rejects logic connection,thus his poems lack logic interpretation.He himself justifies himself by saying:he wrote it to want it to be difficult.The dissociation of sensibility,on the contrary,arouses the emotion of readers immediately.

A Story About Mary's Family

The students were having an English class. "Today you can write a story about your family.I want you to tell me something about your parents and your brothers and sisters, "said Mr Shute. Mary raised her hand."What kind of thing shall I write about my parents? "she asked. "Well,"said Mr Shute. "Write about

Similar clinical characteristics of familial and sporadic inflammatory bowel disease in South Korea

AIM:To investigate differences of clinical characteristics and disease courses between familial and sporadic inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)patients.METHODS:We obtained clinical data on Crohn’s disease(CD)(n=691)and ulcerative colitis(n=1113)from a tertiary referral medical center between 2005and 2012.Seventeen patients(2.5%)with CD and27 patients(2.4%)with ulcerative colitis(UC)were identified as having a familial history of IBD,including the first and second degree relatives.For each control case,three times the number of age-,sex-,and diagnosis year-matched CD and UC patients,without a family history of IBD,were randomly selected in this case control study.RESULTS:There were no significant differences in age or main symptom at diagnosis,extraintestinal manifestation,location/extent,behavior of disease activity,number of hospitalizations,number of operations,operation type,number of relapses,or oral medical treatment between familial and sporadic CD and UC patients.Median(min-max)follow-up periods after diagnosis of familial CD and sporadic CD patients were 84(24-312)and 36(8-240)mo,respectively(P=0.008).Familial CD patients more frequently used anti-tumor necrosis factor(TNF)antibodies compared to sporadic CD patients(17.6%vs 0%,P=0.014).CONCLUSION:In conclusion,a family history of IBD does not seem to be an important predictive factor affecting clinical characteristics or disease course even if there is a more frequent use of anti-TNF antibodies in familial CD patients compared to sporadic CD patients.

Structure and function of the contactin-associated protein family in myelinated axons and their relationship with nerve diseases

The contactin-associated protein （Caspr） family participates in nerve excitation and conduction, and neurotransmitter release in myelinated axons. We analyzed the structures and functions of the Caspr family- CNTNAP1 （Casprl）, CNTNAP2 （Caspr2）, CNTNAP3 （Caspr3）, CNTNAP4 （Caspr4） and CNTNAP5 （Caspr5）, Casprl-5 is not only involved in the formation of myelinated axons, but also participates in maintaining the stability of adjacent connections. Casprl participates in the formation, differentiation, and proliferation of neurons and astrocytes, and in motor control and cognitive function. We also analyzed the relationship between the Caspr family and neurodegenerative diseases, multiple sclerosis, and autoimmune encephalitis. However, the effects of Caspr on disease course and prognosis remain poorly understood. The effects of Caspr on disease diagnosis and treatment need further investigation.

Adenomas of the common bile duct in familial adenomatous polyposis

Familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP)or Gardner’s syndrome is often accompanied by adenomas of the stomach and duodenum.We experienced a case of adenomas of the common bile duct in a 40-year-old woman with FAP presenting with acute cholangitis.Only 8 cases of adenomas or adenocarcinoma ofthe common bile duct have been reported in the literature in patients with FAP or Gardner’s syndrome.Those patients presented with acute cholangitis or pancreatitis.Local excision or Whipple procedure may be the reasonable surgical option.

Family history and disease outcomes in patients with Crohn's disease:A comparison between China and the United States

AIM To investigate the differences in family history of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) and clinical outcomes among individuals with Crohn's disease(CD) residing in China and the United States.METHODS We performed a survey-based cross-sectional study of participants with CD recruited from China and the United States.We compared the prevalence of IBD family history and history of ileal involvement,CD-related surgeries and IBD medications in China and the United States,adjusting for potential confounders.RESULTS We recruited 49 participants from China and 145 from the United States.The prevalence of family history of IBD was significantly lower in China compared with the United States(China:4.1%,United States:39.3%).The three most commonly affected types of relatives were cousin,sibling,and parent in the United States compared with child and sibling in China.Ileal involvement(China:63.3%,United States:63.5%) and surgery for CD(China:51.0%,United States:49.7%) were nearly equivalent in the two countries.CONCLUSION The lower prevalence of familial clustering of IBD in China may suggest that the etiology of CD is less attributed to genetic background or a family-shared environment compared with the United States.Despite the potential difference in etiology,surgery and ileal involvement were similar in the two countries.Examining the changes in family history during the continuing rise in IBD may provide further insight into the etiology of CD.

Research on the effects of family care degree on stigma and psychosocial adaptation among the patients with Parkinson’s disease

Objective:This study aimed to investigate the status quo of family care degree,stigma and psychosocial adaptation of the patients with Parkinson’s disease(PD),and discuss the effects of family care degree on stigma and psychosocial adaptation among the patients with PD.Methods:This study was conducted between September 2018 and April 2019 on patients with PD who were admitted to a Ter tiary Grade A hospital in Dalian city.A total of 246 PD patients were investigated by convenience sampling method using self-designed general information questionnaire,along with family care index(APGAR),24-item Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness(SSCI),and Psychosocial Adjustment Scale(PAS)for PD.And patients were divided into two groups according to the level of family care degree and compared with stigma and psychosocial adaptation.Results:The total score of family care for patients with PD was 6.97±2.46,family function was good in 132 cases(53.7%),moderate barrier in 92 cases(37.4%),and severe barrier in 22 cases(8.9%).The scores of stigma and psychosocial adaptability and their dimensions in the group with high degree family care were higher than the low degree group.Conclusions:The overall level of family care for PD patients was poor.Improving family care degree can help patients with PD to reduce stigma and improve psychosocial adaptation.

A Family of Global Attractors for a Class of Generalized Kirchhoff-Beam Equations

The initial boundary value problem for a class of high-order Beam equations with quasilinear and strongly damped terms is studied. Firstly, the existence and uniqueness of the global solution of the equation are proved by prior estimation and Galerkin finite element method. Then the bounded absorption set is obtained by prior estimation, and the family of global attractors for the high-order Kirchhoff-Beam equation is obtained. The Frechet differentiability of the solution semigroup is proved after the linearization of the equation, and the decay of the volume element of the linearization problem is further proved. Finally, the Hausdorff dimension and Fractal dimension of the family of global attractors are proved to be finite.

The role of DJ-1 complexes and catecholamine metabolism： relevance for familial and idiopathic Parkinson＇s disease

Autosomal recessive mutations in the PARK7 gene,which encodes for the protein DJ-1,result in a loss of function and are a cause of familial Parkinson’s disease（PD）,while increased wild-type DJ-1protein levels are associated with some forms of cancer.Several functions of DJ-1 have been described,with the greatest evidence indicating that DJ-1 is a redox-sensitive protein involved in the regulation of oxidative stress and cell survival.

Transitivity Analysis of Robert Browning's pippa's Song

This article adopts Halliday's transitivity mold to analyze pippa's song from the aspect of ideational meta-function in order to reveal how the author expressed his intended meaning using images.After analysis,we can clear know the way how the poet express the thematic and aesthetic of the poem.

Justifying the Choice and Use of a Game and a Song in My Lesson

Games and songs can bring a lot of pleasure to children. They are useful tools in children's language learning. As English teachers, we should know how to make full use of them to stimulate children's interest and promote their learning. In this essay, I will take one primary English lesson as an example to demonstrate my point. First I am going to talk about the advantages of using a game and a song, and then analyze the teaching or learning context and the activities in the lesson. At last I am going to focus on how and why to use the game and the song in the classroom. In a word, I am going to justify my choice and use of a game and a song in a revision lesson.

Discussed in the early 80s Taiwan campus song shallowly to mainland pop music influence

The twentieth century the seventies and eighties of the modern influx of Chinese mainland pop music-music school in Taiwan,with its pristine purity of musical styles,catchy melodies fresh,really meaningful lyrics,the arrangement is simple and unique form of singing affect generation after gen-eration of young people. It is both spirited and close to the voice of young people (especially close to the university campus life),among young people a strong resonance. At the same time,it is the emergence of China's Mainland the concept of pop mu-sic’s aesthetic,value orientation,creative tactics,techniques and style of singing had a dramatic impact,as well as future changes in the mainland pop and development has injected new impetus.

Treatment of Crohn's disease and familial Mediterranean fever by leukopheresis:Single shot for two targets

Coexistence of Crohn's disease(CD) and familial Mediterranean fever(FMF) is a rare condition and knowledge about this clinical situation is limited with a few case reports in the literature. The treatment of both diseases depends on their individual therapies. However, it is very hard to deal with this coexistence when CD is refractory to standard therapies. Ongoing activity of CD triggers the clinical attacks of FMF and the symptoms like abdominal pain interfere with both disease presentations which can cause problems about diagnostic and therapeutic approach. The main therapeutic agent for FMF is colchicine and diarrhea is the most common side effect of this drug. This side effect also causes problems about management of these diseases when both of them are clinically active. Here we report probably the first case in the literature with coexisting CD and FMF who was successfully treated by leukopheresis since he was refractory to conventional therapies for CD.

PARK1 gene mutation of autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease family

Studies have shown that PARK1 gene is associated with the autosomal dominant inheritance of Parkinson＇s disease. PARK1 gene contains two mutation sites, namely Ala30Pro and Ala53Thr, which are located on exons 3 and 4, respectively. However, the genetic loci of the pathogenic genes remain unclear. In this study, blood samples were collected from 11 members of a family with high prevalence of Parkinson＇s disease, including four affected cases, five suspected cases and two non-affected cases. Point mutation screening of common mutation sites on PARK1 gene exon 4 was conducted using PCR, to determine the genetic loci of the causative gene for Parkinson＇s disease. Gene identification and sequencing results showed that a T base deletion mutation was observed in the PARK1 gene exon 4 of all 11 collected samples. It was confirmed that the PARK1 gene exon 4 gene mutation is an important pathogenic mutation for Parkinson＇s disease.