We studied the role of sophorolipid in inhibiting harmful algae bloom （HAB）. Different sophorolipid concentrations were tested on marine microalgae, zooplankton, fish, and bivalve （Mytilus edulis） in laboratory. T...We studied the role of sophorolipid in inhibiting harmful algae bloom （HAB）. Different sophorolipid concentrations were tested on marine microalgae, zooplankton, fish, and bivalve （Mytilus edulis） in laboratory. The result shows that sophorolipid could inhibit the growth of algal species selectively. Among three algae species selected, Platymonas helgolandica var. tsingtaoensis was promoted with increasing sophorolipid concentration; Isochrysis galbana was inhibited seven days later in sophorolipid concentration below 40 mg/L; and Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima was inhibited obviously in only a high sophorolipid concentration over 20 mg/L. Therefore, sophorolipid in a low concentration at 〈20 mg/L could remove certain harmful algae species effectivelywithout harming other non-harmful microalgae. For other animals, sophorolipid could inhibit the growth of ciliate Strombidium sp. by 50% at 20 mg/L sophorolipid concentration after 96 h. The concentration in 96-h LC50 for Calanus sinicus, Neomysis awatschensis, Lateolabrax japonicus, and Paralichthys olivaceus was 15, 150, 60, and 110 mg/L, respectively. The 24 h LC50 value for Arternia salina was 600 mg/L. The relative clearance rate of mussel Mytilus edulis decreased to 80%, 40%, and 20% of the control group after being exposed to 20, 50, and 100 mg/L sophorolipid for 24 h. Therefore, the toxicity for mitigation of harmful algae bloom at previously recommended concentration of 5-20 mg/L sophorolipid is low for most tested organisms in this reaserch.展开更多
This paper describes three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulations of gas–liquid flow in a novel laboratory-scale bioreactor contained dual ventilation-pipe and double sieve-plate bioreactor(DVDSB)u...This paper describes three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulations of gas–liquid flow in a novel laboratory-scale bioreactor contained dual ventilation-pipe and double sieve-plate bioreactor(DVDSB)used for sophorolipid(SL) production. To evaluate the role of hydrodynamics in reactor design, the comparisons between conventional fed-batch fermenter and DVDSB on the hydrodynamic behavior are predicted by the CFD methods. Important hydrodynamic parameters of the gas–liquid two-phase system such as the liquid phase velocity field, turbulent kinetic energy and volume-averaged overall and time-averaged local gas holdups were simulated and analyzed in detail. The numerical results were also validated by experimental measurements of overall gas holdups. The yield of sophorolipids was significantly improved to 484 g·L^(-1)with a 320 h fermentation period in the new reactor.展开更多
Background:Gut is a crucial organ for the host’s defense system due to its filtering action of the intestinal membrane from hazardous foreign substances.One strategy to strengthen the gut epithelial barrier function ...Background:Gut is a crucial organ for the host’s defense system due to its filtering action of the intestinal membrane from hazardous foreign substances.One strategy to strengthen the gut epithelial barrier function is to upregulate beneficial microflora populations and their metabolites.Sophorolipid(SPL),which is a glycolipid biosurfactant,could increase beneficial microflora and decrease pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract.Therefore,herein,we conducted an experiment with broiler chickens to investigate the fortifying effects of SPL on the host’s gut defense system by modulating the microbiota population.Methods:A total of 5401-day-old chicks(Ross 308)were used,and they were immediately allotted into three treatment groups(6 replications with 30 chicks/pen)according to their initial body weight.The dietary treatments consisted of CON(basal diet),BAM(10 mg/kg bambermycin),and SPL(10 mg/kg SPL).During the experiment,birds freely accessed feed and water,and body weight and feed intake were measured at the end of each phase.On d 35,birds(one bird/pen)were sacrificed to collect jejunum and cecum samples.Results:Dietary SPL and BAM supplementation significantly accelerated birds’growth and also significantly improved feed efficiency compared to CON.Intestinal microbial community was significantly separated by dietary SPL supplementation from that of CON,and dietary SPL supplementation significantly increased Lactobacillus spp.and Akkermansia muciniphila.Moreover,birds fed with dietary SPL also showed the highest concentration of cecal butyrate among all treatment groups.Gut morphological analysis showed that dietary SPL significantly increased villus height,ratio of villus height to crypt depth,goblet cell numbers,and the gene expression levels of claudin-1 and mucin 2.Additionally,dietary SPL significantly decreased the mRNA expression level of pro-inflammatory cytokine,interleukin-6,and increased that of anti-inflammatory cytokine,interleukin-10,compared to other treatments.Conclusions:Dietary SPL increases the beneficial bacterial population and butyrate concentration,which leads to a strengthened gut barrier function.In addition,the intestinal inflammation was also downregulated by dietary SPL supplementation.展开更多
A sophorolipids(SLs)micro-emulsion in Winsor type Ⅰ form was used for crude oil contaminated soil washing treatment.The micro-emulsion shows higher oil removal rate than SLs aqueous solution and diesel oil.The type ...A sophorolipids(SLs)micro-emulsion in Winsor type Ⅰ form was used for crude oil contaminated soil washing treatment.The micro-emulsion shows higher oil removal rate than SLs aqueous solution and diesel oil.The type Ⅰ micro-emulsion with w(SLs)=6%,w(NaCl)=1%,w(diesel)=13.36% gave a high oil removal rate of 95.6% and the eluate remained in type Ⅰ state.The recovered oil showed lower viscosity,mainly caused by the entering of diesel from the micro-emulsion phase into the oil phase and the lower removal rate of the heavier components,such as the resin and asphaltene.The initial heavily saline-alkaline soil changed into mildly saline-alkaline state after washing treatment,favoring the germination and growth of plants,with ryegrass showing better germination and growth effect than alfalfa.The ryegrass showed good phytoremediation effect on the contaminated soil after SLs micro-emulsion washing.The combination process of SL micro-emulsion washing and ryegrass phytoremediation is prospective for oily soil treatment.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40506026,40876083,40631008)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-Q07-01)the National Basic Research Priorities Program (No. 2006CB400606)
文摘We studied the role of sophorolipid in inhibiting harmful algae bloom （HAB）. Different sophorolipid concentrations were tested on marine microalgae, zooplankton, fish, and bivalve （Mytilus edulis） in laboratory. The result shows that sophorolipid could inhibit the growth of algal species selectively. Among three algae species selected, Platymonas helgolandica var. tsingtaoensis was promoted with increasing sophorolipid concentration; Isochrysis galbana was inhibited seven days later in sophorolipid concentration below 40 mg/L; and Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima was inhibited obviously in only a high sophorolipid concentration over 20 mg/L. Therefore, sophorolipid in a low concentration at 〈20 mg/L could remove certain harmful algae species effectivelywithout harming other non-harmful microalgae. For other animals, sophorolipid could inhibit the growth of ciliate Strombidium sp. by 50% at 20 mg/L sophorolipid concentration after 96 h. The concentration in 96-h LC50 for Calanus sinicus, Neomysis awatschensis, Lateolabrax japonicus, and Paralichthys olivaceus was 15, 150, 60, and 110 mg/L, respectively. The 24 h LC50 value for Arternia salina was 600 mg/L. The relative clearance rate of mussel Mytilus edulis decreased to 80%, 40%, and 20% of the control group after being exposed to 20, 50, and 100 mg/L sophorolipid for 24 h. Therefore, the toxicity for mitigation of harmful algae bloom at previously recommended concentration of 5-20 mg/L sophorolipid is low for most tested organisms in this reaserch.
基金Supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(No.2014CB745100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21576197)+1 种基金Tianjin Research Program of Application Foundation and Advanced Technology(No.14JCQNJC06700)Technological Research and Development Programs of the China Offshore Environmental Services Ltd.(CY-HB-10-ZC-055)
文摘This paper describes three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulations of gas–liquid flow in a novel laboratory-scale bioreactor contained dual ventilation-pipe and double sieve-plate bioreactor(DVDSB)used for sophorolipid(SL) production. To evaluate the role of hydrodynamics in reactor design, the comparisons between conventional fed-batch fermenter and DVDSB on the hydrodynamic behavior are predicted by the CFD methods. Important hydrodynamic parameters of the gas–liquid two-phase system such as the liquid phase velocity field, turbulent kinetic energy and volume-averaged overall and time-averaged local gas holdups were simulated and analyzed in detail. The numerical results were also validated by experimental measurements of overall gas holdups. The yield of sophorolipids was significantly improved to 484 g·L^(-1)with a 320 h fermentation period in the new reactor.
基金financially supported by EASYBIO Inc.and Korea University.
文摘Background:Gut is a crucial organ for the host’s defense system due to its filtering action of the intestinal membrane from hazardous foreign substances.One strategy to strengthen the gut epithelial barrier function is to upregulate beneficial microflora populations and their metabolites.Sophorolipid(SPL),which is a glycolipid biosurfactant,could increase beneficial microflora and decrease pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract.Therefore,herein,we conducted an experiment with broiler chickens to investigate the fortifying effects of SPL on the host’s gut defense system by modulating the microbiota population.Methods:A total of 5401-day-old chicks(Ross 308)were used,and they were immediately allotted into three treatment groups(6 replications with 30 chicks/pen)according to their initial body weight.The dietary treatments consisted of CON(basal diet),BAM(10 mg/kg bambermycin),and SPL(10 mg/kg SPL).During the experiment,birds freely accessed feed and water,and body weight and feed intake were measured at the end of each phase.On d 35,birds(one bird/pen)were sacrificed to collect jejunum and cecum samples.Results:Dietary SPL and BAM supplementation significantly accelerated birds’growth and also significantly improved feed efficiency compared to CON.Intestinal microbial community was significantly separated by dietary SPL supplementation from that of CON,and dietary SPL supplementation significantly increased Lactobacillus spp.and Akkermansia muciniphila.Moreover,birds fed with dietary SPL also showed the highest concentration of cecal butyrate among all treatment groups.Gut morphological analysis showed that dietary SPL significantly increased villus height,ratio of villus height to crypt depth,goblet cell numbers,and the gene expression levels of claudin-1 and mucin 2.Additionally,dietary SPL significantly decreased the mRNA expression level of pro-inflammatory cytokine,interleukin-6,and increased that of anti-inflammatory cytokine,interleukin-10,compared to other treatments.Conclusions:Dietary SPL increases the beneficial bacterial population and butyrate concentration,which leads to a strengthened gut barrier function.In addition,the intestinal inflammation was also downregulated by dietary SPL supplementation.
基金financial support of National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078366)。
文摘A sophorolipids(SLs)micro-emulsion in Winsor type Ⅰ form was used for crude oil contaminated soil washing treatment.The micro-emulsion shows higher oil removal rate than SLs aqueous solution and diesel oil.The type Ⅰ micro-emulsion with w(SLs)=6%,w(NaCl)=1%,w(diesel)=13.36% gave a high oil removal rate of 95.6% and the eluate remained in type Ⅰ state.The recovered oil showed lower viscosity,mainly caused by the entering of diesel from the micro-emulsion phase into the oil phase and the lower removal rate of the heavier components,such as the resin and asphaltene.The initial heavily saline-alkaline soil changed into mildly saline-alkaline state after washing treatment,favoring the germination and growth of plants,with ryegrass showing better germination and growth effect than alfalfa.The ryegrass showed good phytoremediation effect on the contaminated soil after SLs micro-emulsion washing.The combination process of SL micro-emulsion washing and ryegrass phytoremediation is prospective for oily soil treatment.
