The subjects of ecological compensation involve the nation, society, development enterprises of wa-ter-energy resources, as well as the location of resource itself. This paper systematically studies on how to make “w...The subjects of ecological compensation involve the nation, society, development enterprises of wa-ter-energy resources, as well as the location of resource itself. This paper systematically studies on how to make “water energy sources market compensation policy”, “the economic compensation policy for relevant interest subjects” and “the ecological compensation policy of basin ecological water.” So, it is necessary to exert the complementary function between market compensation and government compensation by the means of economic compensation and to establish the ecological compensation policy of basin ecological water, which is beneficial to coordinating the stakeholders’ interests of cross-region or inter-basin. And it is important and significant to establish constantly perfected ecological compensation policy among the micro subjects on water energy resources development, so as to coordinate interest relationships among various subjects and finally reach the aim of sustainable use of water energy resources and environmental protection as possible.展开更多
通过对综合性体育馆空调负荷分析,赛时及赛后负荷组成,空调负荷分布特点指导冷热源选型及多种能源形式配置。分析比赛区空间气流组织形式及围绕二次回风的设计方法。比较了多种能源方案及气流组织,对冷热源的设计选型原则及BIM(Building...通过对综合性体育馆空调负荷分析,赛时及赛后负荷组成,空调负荷分布特点指导冷热源选型及多种能源形式配置。分析比赛区空间气流组织形式及围绕二次回风的设计方法。比较了多种能源方案及气流组织,对冷热源的设计选型原则及BIM(Building Information Modeling,建筑信息模型)技术的应用进行总结。展开更多
Fuzzy c-means （FCM） algorithm is one of the most popular methods for image segmentation. However, the standard FCM algorithm is sensitive to noise because of not taking into account the spatial information in the im...Fuzzy c-means （FCM） algorithm is one of the most popular methods for image segmentation. However, the standard FCM algorithm is sensitive to noise because of not taking into account the spatial information in the image. An improved FCM algorithm is proposed to improve the antinoise performance of FCM algorithm. The new algorithm is formulated by incorporating the spatial neighborhood information into the membership function for clustering. The distribution statistics of the neighborhood pixels and the prior probability are used to form a new membership func- tion. It is not only effective to remove the noise spots but also can reduce the misclassified pixels. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm is more accurate and robust to noise than the standard FCM algorithm.展开更多
Drilling wells reveal that the organic matter abundance of Miocene marine source rocks in shallow water area of the Qiongdongnan Basin is relatively low with poor hydrocarbon generation poten- tial. However, in some d...Drilling wells reveal that the organic matter abundance of Miocene marine source rocks in shallow water area of the Qiongdongnan Basin is relatively low with poor hydrocarbon generation poten- tial. However, in some drilling wells of deep water area close to the central depression belt, Miocene marine source rocks with better organic matter abundance and hydrocarbon generation have been found, which have achieved better source rock standard based on the analysis of geochemical charac- teristics. Although there are no exploratory wells in deep water area of the research region, through the comparative analysis of geochemical data of several typical exploratory wells respectively from shallow water area in the basin, central depression belt margin in deep-water area of the basin and Site 1148 of deep sea drilling in the South China Sea Basin, it reveals that the tendency of the quality of source rocks becomes positive gradually from delta to bathyal environment, which then becomes negative as in deep oceanic environment. Owing to the lack of terrestrial organic matter input, the important controlling factors of Miocene marine source rocks in the Qiongdongnan Basin are ocean productivity and preservation conditions of organic matter. The element geochemistry data indicate that the tendency of the paleoproductivity and the preservation conditions of organic matter become positive as water depth increase from shallow area to bathyal area close to central depression belt. So it is speculated that there must exist high quality source rocks in the central depression area where the preservation conditions of organic matter are much better. Besides, in theory, in oxygen-poor zone of oceanic environment at the water depth 400–1 000 m, the preservation conditions of organic matter are well thus forming high-quality marine source rocks. The result- ing speculation, it is reasonable to consider that there are high hydrocarbon generation potential source rocks in bathyal environment of the Qiongdongnan Basin, especially at the water depth 400– 1 000 m.展开更多
Bicyclic Sesquiterpanes （BSs） are ubiquitous components of crude oils and ancient sediments. BSs in crude oils and diesel oil were identified and characterized, the effects of moderate weathering on BS distributions...Bicyclic Sesquiterpanes （BSs） are ubiquitous components of crude oils and ancient sediments. BSs in crude oils and diesel oil were identified and characterized, the effects of moderate weathering on BS distributions were discussed, and a methodology using diagnostic indices of BSs was developed for oil correlation and dif- ferentiation. The results showed that crude oils and oil products had different abundances and distributions of BSs and, consequently, resulted in different diagnostic ratios. The selected diagnostic ratio indices of BSs, such as BS4/BS5 （ratio of 4,4,8,9,9-pentamethyl-decahydronaphthalene to 8/3 （H）-drimane）, BS6/BS5 （ratio of 4,4,9,9,10-pentamethyl-decahydronaphthalene to 8/3 （H）-drimane）, BS8/BS9 （ratio of the second peak to the third peak of C16 sequiterpane）, and BS8/BSIO （ratio of C16 sequiterpane to 8fl （H）-homodrimane）, still maintained better stabilities （%RSD 〈 5%） after weathering for 30 d. The longer weathering process （150 d） had some effect on such ratios （5% 〈 %RSD 〈 10%）. The facts of the uniqueness, abundance in petroleum, and chemical stability of BSs enable them to be suitable as an effective diagnostic means for identifying spilled oil with moderate weathering, particularly for lighter refined product samples that are difficult to identify by current techniques.展开更多
针对目前城市轨道交通路网乘客出行路径估计准确率不足及直接监测方式受限的问题,提出基于多源监测数据的出行路径估计方法.首先,利用自动售检票(Automatic Fare Collection,AFC)数据、车站换乘断面监测量、区间断面监测量等多源监测数...针对目前城市轨道交通路网乘客出行路径估计准确率不足及直接监测方式受限的问题,提出基于多源监测数据的出行路径估计方法.首先,利用自动售检票(Automatic Fare Collection,AFC)数据、车站换乘断面监测量、区间断面监测量等多源监测数据,基于路网客流时空作用关系,构建符合实际监测情况和乘客出行总体规律的乘客出行路径估计模型.然后,运用计算图结构将模型抽象成一种分层网络,并提出基于正向传播和反向传播技术的模型求解算法.最后,以广州局部地铁路网为例进行分析.研究结果表明:所提出的方法可以实现路网乘客出行路径以及车站换乘客流的估计;在路网监测断面占比为75%时,估计结果的均方误差、均方根误差以及平均绝对百分比误差分别为1.67%、1.83%、1.27%,且误差会随着监测断面占比的增加而降低.展开更多
文摘The subjects of ecological compensation involve the nation, society, development enterprises of wa-ter-energy resources, as well as the location of resource itself. This paper systematically studies on how to make “water energy sources market compensation policy”, “the economic compensation policy for relevant interest subjects” and “the ecological compensation policy of basin ecological water.” So, it is necessary to exert the complementary function between market compensation and government compensation by the means of economic compensation and to establish the ecological compensation policy of basin ecological water, which is beneficial to coordinating the stakeholders’ interests of cross-region or inter-basin. And it is important and significant to establish constantly perfected ecological compensation policy among the micro subjects on water energy resources development, so as to coordinate interest relationships among various subjects and finally reach the aim of sustainable use of water energy resources and environmental protection as possible.
文摘通过对综合性体育馆空调负荷分析,赛时及赛后负荷组成,空调负荷分布特点指导冷热源选型及多种能源形式配置。分析比赛区空间气流组织形式及围绕二次回风的设计方法。比较了多种能源方案及气流组织,对冷热源的设计选型原则及BIM(Building Information Modeling,建筑信息模型)技术的应用进行总结。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6087403160740430664)
文摘Fuzzy c-means （FCM） algorithm is one of the most popular methods for image segmentation. However, the standard FCM algorithm is sensitive to noise because of not taking into account the spatial information in the image. An improved FCM algorithm is proposed to improve the antinoise performance of FCM algorithm. The new algorithm is formulated by incorporating the spatial neighborhood information into the membership function for clustering. The distribution statistics of the neighborhood pixels and the prior probability are used to form a new membership func- tion. It is not only effective to remove the noise spots but also can reduce the misclassified pixels. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm is more accurate and robust to noise than the standard FCM algorithm.
基金The Major State Basic Research Development Program (973 Program) under contract No. 2009CB219402
文摘Drilling wells reveal that the organic matter abundance of Miocene marine source rocks in shallow water area of the Qiongdongnan Basin is relatively low with poor hydrocarbon generation poten- tial. However, in some drilling wells of deep water area close to the central depression belt, Miocene marine source rocks with better organic matter abundance and hydrocarbon generation have been found, which have achieved better source rock standard based on the analysis of geochemical charac- teristics. Although there are no exploratory wells in deep water area of the research region, through the comparative analysis of geochemical data of several typical exploratory wells respectively from shallow water area in the basin, central depression belt margin in deep-water area of the basin and Site 1148 of deep sea drilling in the South China Sea Basin, it reveals that the tendency of the quality of source rocks becomes positive gradually from delta to bathyal environment, which then becomes negative as in deep oceanic environment. Owing to the lack of terrestrial organic matter input, the important controlling factors of Miocene marine source rocks in the Qiongdongnan Basin are ocean productivity and preservation conditions of organic matter. The element geochemistry data indicate that the tendency of the paleoproductivity and the preservation conditions of organic matter become positive as water depth increase from shallow area to bathyal area close to central depression belt. So it is speculated that there must exist high quality source rocks in the central depression area where the preservation conditions of organic matter are much better. Besides, in theory, in oxygen-poor zone of oceanic environment at the water depth 400–1 000 m, the preservation conditions of organic matter are well thus forming high-quality marine source rocks. The result- ing speculation, it is reasonable to consider that there are high hydrocarbon generation potential source rocks in bathyal environment of the Qiongdongnan Basin, especially at the water depth 400– 1 000 m.
基金Key Projects in the Yantai Science & Technology Pillar Program under contract No. 2011060the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 40806048 and 41206089Hundred Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Bicyclic Sesquiterpanes （BSs） are ubiquitous components of crude oils and ancient sediments. BSs in crude oils and diesel oil were identified and characterized, the effects of moderate weathering on BS distributions were discussed, and a methodology using diagnostic indices of BSs was developed for oil correlation and dif- ferentiation. The results showed that crude oils and oil products had different abundances and distributions of BSs and, consequently, resulted in different diagnostic ratios. The selected diagnostic ratio indices of BSs, such as BS4/BS5 （ratio of 4,4,8,9,9-pentamethyl-decahydronaphthalene to 8/3 （H）-drimane）, BS6/BS5 （ratio of 4,4,9,9,10-pentamethyl-decahydronaphthalene to 8/3 （H）-drimane）, BS8/BS9 （ratio of the second peak to the third peak of C16 sequiterpane）, and BS8/BSIO （ratio of C16 sequiterpane to 8fl （H）-homodrimane）, still maintained better stabilities （%RSD 〈 5%） after weathering for 30 d. The longer weathering process （150 d） had some effect on such ratios （5% 〈 %RSD 〈 10%）. The facts of the uniqueness, abundance in petroleum, and chemical stability of BSs enable them to be suitable as an effective diagnostic means for identifying spilled oil with moderate weathering, particularly for lighter refined product samples that are difficult to identify by current techniques.
文摘针对目前城市轨道交通路网乘客出行路径估计准确率不足及直接监测方式受限的问题,提出基于多源监测数据的出行路径估计方法.首先,利用自动售检票(Automatic Fare Collection,AFC)数据、车站换乘断面监测量、区间断面监测量等多源监测数据,基于路网客流时空作用关系,构建符合实际监测情况和乘客出行总体规律的乘客出行路径估计模型.然后,运用计算图结构将模型抽象成一种分层网络,并提出基于正向传播和反向传播技术的模型求解算法.最后,以广州局部地铁路网为例进行分析.研究结果表明:所提出的方法可以实现路网乘客出行路径以及车站换乘客流的估计;在路网监测断面占比为75%时,估计结果的均方误差、均方根误差以及平均绝对百分比误差分别为1.67%、1.83%、1.27%,且误差会随着监测断面占比的增加而降低.
