Analysis of and Suggestions for Problems in Residential Development in Southwest Region of China

Under new historical condition,the development of residential architecture should be based on the research on the construction of traditional residence and connotation of traditional culture,and residential architecture should be innovated based on its inheritance.The historical context has been developed through extending architectural regionality.By taking residential development in southwest region as the study object,the paper has pointed out problems at the two stages of residential development,including eagerly getting rid of old architectural materials and form;blindly returning to tradition,piecing for architectural appearance and building traditional architecture.Hence,it should pay attention to the inheritance of the spirit and culture of traditional architecture,and meanwhile absorb the advanced idea about modern architecture,integrating them and achieving the harmonious and balanced development.

Changing characteristics and spatial differentiation of spring precipitation in Southwest China during 1961-2012

In this study,we analyze spring precipitation from 92 meteorological stations spanning between 1961 and 2012 to understand temporal-spatial variability and change of spring precipitation over Southwest China.Various analysis methods are used for different purposes,including empirical orthogonal function（EOF） analysis and rotated EOF（REOF） for analyzing spatial structure change of precipitation anomaly,and the Mann-Kendall testing method to determine whether there were abrupt changes during the analyzed time span.We find that the first spatial mode of the precipitation has a domain uniform structure;the second is dominated by a spatial dipole;and the third contains five variability centers.The 2000 s is the decade with the largest amount of precipitation while the 1990 s is the decade with the smallest amount of precipitation.The year-to-year difference of that region is large：the amount of the largest precipitation year doubles that of the smallest precipitation year.We also find that spring precipitation in Southwest China experienced a few abrupt changes：a sudden increase at 1966,a sudden decrease at 1979,and a sudden increase at 1995.We speculate that the spring precipitation will increase gradually in the next two decades.

唐后期中央政府对西南地区的军事管理--以募兵制为中心

唐后期募兵制取代府兵制成为全国的军事制度,唐中央政府对西南地区的军事管理亦依托节度使招募、训练军队,并组织使府军队戍边和作战。崔宁、韦皋、李德裕等剑南西川节度使不断改革军队体系,提高剑南军队的战斗力。经过历任节度使的整顿,唐后期西南地区的军队体系呈现出相当明显的混合型特征。更重要的是,西南地区使府军队承担着戍边与对外作战的军事职能,尤其是面对吐蕃、南诏屡次入寇,西南地区使府军队为巩固边陲发挥了重要作用。乾符以后,随着边疆威胁的解除,西南地区使府军队逐渐成为节度使争权夺利的工具,已基本丧失戍边和对外作战的功能。

Impact of Economic Transformation on Energy Demand in Southwest China and Forecast

"Economic transformation"has become the main path to promote China's social and economic development,and many regions have increased the importance and attention to"economic transformation",and the Southwest region is no exception.Many cities in Southwest China are developing new energy sources to promote economic development and economic transformation.Economic transformation and economic development in Southwest China are mutually influencing and interacting,while energy development in Southwest China and its local economic development are mutually promoting and influencing,so economic transformation also affects energy demand and development in Southwest China.The importance of economic transformation should be taken into consideration.

四川凉山州西南低涡型暖区暴雨的统计特征

利用凉山州近10年4—10月的降水资料、常规地面观测、高空观测、ERA5再分析资料和FY-2G卫星TBB资料,对四川省凉山州西南低涡型区域性暖区暴雨进行统计分析和天气学分析。结果表明:(1)凉山州西南低涡型暖区暴雨的发生频率在年际变化上呈波动趋势,2016年和2022年发生频率最高,2017年最低;暴雨主要发生在夏季(6—8月),其中7月发生的频率最高;暴雨具有短时强降水特征,强降水常出现在傍晚到夜间,白天降水强度减弱。(2)暴雨发生在高能高湿的不稳定层结中,其水汽主要来源于孟加拉湾。(3)影响凉山州的西南低涡主要生成于川西高原南部到凉山州西北部,少数生成于四川盆地西南部到凉山州西北部,极少数生成于攀西地区西南部,故川西高原南部是凉山州西南低涡型暖区暴雨对流云团的主要发源地。(4)西南低涡暴雨对流云团常由块状和带状混合影响,影响范围广;暴雨区常出现在低涡中心或外围东南侧,降水成片集中。

Some evidences for earthquake occurrence in the shallow crust in some areas of North China and Southwest China

The parameters of hypocentral location are important fundamental data for the study of seismology and the earth interior physics; among them, the focal depth is a very important one but can hardly be measured with higher precision. With the increase of seismic stations in number, the heightening of observation quality and the improvement of determination method, such a situation has been changed much. In this paper, the results of hypocentral location and re-location by 7 small-aperture digital seismic station networks at Tangshan, Zhangbei and Huailai of Hebei Province, Datong of Shanxi Province and Jianchuan, Luquan and Yao'an of Yunnan Province are used. Using these results together with those of focal depth inversion by far-field data of some individual large shocks in corresponding areas and those re-determined by the Linfen telemetered seismic network of Shanxi Province, a comparison with the results of focal depth determination in the past earthquake catalogues is made. It is found out that the focal depths determined by the small-aperture seismic networks are basically distributed in the range from the earth surface to ten-odd kilometers underground. In contrast, the focal depths determined in the past are mostly distributed at the depth range from the earth surface to 30 km underground. Besides, there is a difference of 50% to 100% between the average values of the two cases, which is quite an obvious one. From the result of analysis, it is considered that the results determined by the small-aperture seismic networks may be closer to the reality of focal depths distribution. That is to say, earthquakes in the above-mentioned areas should be distributed in the shallow part of the crust. The causes that lead to the above situation are discussed preliminarily, and some suggestions and measures for improving the precision of focal depth determination are put forward.

Increasing Flash Floods in a Drying Climate over Southwest China

In a globally warming world, subtropical regions are generally expected to become drier while the tropics and mid-high latitudes become wetter. In line with this, Southwest China, close to 25°N, is expected to become increasingly prone to drought if annual mean precipitation decreases. However, despite this trend, changes in the temporal distribution of moisture supply might actually result in increased extreme rainfall in the region, whose climate is characterized by distinct dry and wet seasons. Using hourly and daily gauge observations, rainfall intensity changes since 1971 are exalnined for a network of 142 locations in the region. From the analysis, dry season changes are negligible but wet season changes exhibit a significantly strong downward trend [-2.4% （10 yr）^-1], particularly during the past 15 years [-17.7% （10 yr）^-1]. However, the intensity of events during the wettest of 5% hours appears to steadily increase during the whole period [1.4% （10 yr）^-1], tying in with government statistical reports of recent droughts and flooding. If the opposing trends are a consequence of a warming climate, it is reasonable to expect the contradictory trend to continue with an enhanced risk of flash flooding in coming decades in the region concerned.

Lamprophyre or Lamproite Dyke in the S WTarim Block? —Discussion on the Petrogenesis of These Rocks and Their Source Region

The mineralogical, petrological and geochemical studies on Keliyang （克里阳） potassic dykes have been carried out to understand their rock types, the petrogenesis and the nature of their mantle sources. They arc potassic lamprophyre, not lamproites as the previous researchers believed. In this study, the whole-rock major and trace element compositions of another 6 lamproite dykes recently discovered are reported. Major elements were determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry （XRF） techniques, while REE and trace elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）. They can be classified into phlogopite-diopside lamprophyre, leucite-diopside lamprophyre and granular carbonatite-bearing diopside lamprophyre on the basis of their mineral components. They are all characterized by relatively low SiO2 （41.31% --44. 84% ）, TIO2 （0.75%-0.86% ） and high MgO （7.30%-11.33%）, K2O （4.01%-6.01%） concentrations with K2O/Na2O ratios of 2.77-12.49. In addition, they display enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements （LILEs, e. g., Rb, Sr, Ba） and LREE, but a relative depletion in high-field-strength elements （HFSEs, e.g. , Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf and Ti）. They display similar chondrite-normalized REE patterns with slight negative Eu anomalies （δEu=0.64-0.82）, and high initial ^87 Sr/^86Sr ratios, which resemble those of high K/Ti and Iow-Ti potassic magmas formed in subduction-related settings. Consequently, we suggest that the parental magma was generated by partial melting of the phlogopite-amphibole-bearing garnet lherzolite within the lithospheric mantle that might have been metasomatized by a potassium-bearing fluid released from a sabdaction oceanic crust.

全球气候变化下西南喀斯特地区气候与水文系统的综合响应研究——以贵州为例

以贵州为例,分析了1978—2021年贵州的年平均温度、降水、湿度、日照时数、地表水资源、地下水资源、河流输沙量等要素与气候变化的响应,并构建气候变化综合评价指数进行综合响应评价。结果表明:全球气候变暖与贵州气温变化相关性显著,而与年平均相对湿度、地表水资源量、地下水资源量和河流输沙量变化相关性比较微弱;随着全球气候变暖,贵州气温呈波动式的增加趋势,降水量也呈增加趋势,而贵州全省年日照时数、相对湿度、地表水资源量、地下水资源量和河流输沙量呈减少态势;综合响应总体呈增加趋势;贵州气候与水文系统中各要素总体变化幅度相对较小;在研究时段,气温、降水量、相对湿度、河流输沙量均为负偏态分布,表明平均量偏多的年份比偏少的年份出现的概率大;而地表水资源量、地下水资源量、日照时数为正偏态分布,表明平均量偏多的年份比偏少的年份出现的概率小。

唐代中国西南边疆拓南、开南二城的建置考论

经过了天宝战争及随后的军事扩张,位于唐代中国西南边疆的南诏国在较短的时期先后建置了拓东、开南、镇西、宁北四个王国边境的重要治所城镇,其中开南城与拓南城的考释自元末以后已多现舛误,造成了史实混淆。事实上,唐代中国西南边疆的拓南城与开南城确为南诏国开拓建置的两座新城,而非“开南亦称拓南”,元末以后,“拓南”名号逐渐隐没于原地,同时被移置于“开南”地望,开始混用一起。厘清二城地望考释,不难发现拓南城的建置开拓了南诏国的西南辖境,开南城的建置开拓了南诏国的南境,从而把中原的“郡县制”文化辐射到了西南边境区域,客观上促进了区域内各民族的交往交流交融,奠定了唐代及后世中国西南边境、边界形成和发展的历史基础,为唐代中国西南边境区域各民族铸牢中华民族共同体意识做出了贡献。

基于多源地理数据的西南高山峡谷区生态系统服务评估及权衡与协同关系

[目的]西南高山峡谷区是国家“三区四带”重要生态安全屏障,对保障国家生态安全和区域高质量发展具有重要作用,但目前尚不明确该区生态系统服务及其权衡与协同关系。[方法]基于InVEST模型、RUSLE模型和WR指数,结合多源地理数据集,系统评估了西南高山峡谷区2000—2020年3种典型生态系统服务,并揭示其权衡与协同关系。[结果](1)2000—2020年,西南高山峡谷区固碳和水源涵养服务稳步提升,年均固碳服务由1927 g/(m^(2)·a)增加到1985 g/(m^(2)·a),WR指数从0.062升至0.067。空间上固碳从西北向东南逐渐递增,水源涵养呈较强的空间异质性;土壤保持服务整体处于恶化态势,从263.50 t/(km^(2)·a)降至226.25 t/(km^(2)·a),其中滇西北高山峡谷生态维护区降幅达27.50%。(2)2000—2020年,生态系统服务热点区面积占比增加5.41%,整体呈“一类热点区>非热点区>二类热点区>三类热点区”的分布规律。(3)固碳服务与水源涵养服务、固碳服务与土壤保持服务整体表现为协同关系,协同关系面积占比分别为54.91%,44.46%,主要位于藏东南高寒高山峡谷生态维护区和藏东_川西高山峡谷生态维护水源涵养区;水源涵养服务与土壤保持服务整体表现为权衡关系,协同关系面积占比仅为20.14%。[结论]研究结果可为西南高山峡谷区科学制定和实施生态保护政策,优化资源管理策略提供必要参考。

Effectiveness analysis of the prediction of regional debris flow susceptibility in post-earthquake and drought site

Debris-flow disasters occurred frequently after the Mw 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake on 12 May 2008 in Sichuan Province, China. Based on historical accounts of debris-flow disaster events, it found that debris flow occurrence is closely related to the impact of earthquakes and droughts, because earthquakedrought activities can increase the loose solid materials, which can transform into debris flows under the effect of rainstorms. Based on the analysis of historical earthquake activity(frequency, magnitude and location), drought indexes and the trend of climate change(amount of rainfall), a prediction method was established, and the regional debris flow susceptibility was predicted. Furthermore, in a debris flow-susceptible site, effective warning and monitoring are essential not only from an economicpoint of view but are also considered as a frontline approach to alleviate hazards. The advantages of the prediction and early monitoring include(1) the acquired results being sent to the central government for policy making;(2) lives and property in mountainous areas can be protected, such as the 570 residents in the Aizi valley, who evacuated successfully before debris flows in 2012;(3) guiding the government to identify the areas of disasters and the preparation for disaster prevention and mitigation, such as predicting disasters in high-risk areas in the period 2012-2017, helping the government to recognize the development trend of disasters;(4) the quantitative prediction of regional debris-flow susceptibility, such as after the Wenchuan earthquake, can promote scientific and sustainable development and socioeconomic planning in earthquake-struck areas.

民族志视阈下西南地区傣族武术历史探究

文章通过收集、整理少数民族地区特色体育项目资料,了解傣族武术历史发展状况,为传承和弘扬民族体育文化具有积极意,主要采用史料考据法、田野调研法、访谈法等研究方法探究傣族武术的特点、种类、广度、流行状况及历史发展。研究结果表明,傣族武术手上动作变化较多,腿法、步法较简单,种类较多,有着久远的历史渊源;每一种派别都有其突出的特点及严格的程式,固定的动作图形和判断欣赏的标准;但也存在其一些不足之处,如傣族武术显得朴实,过于软和随意,普及度逐渐下降,目前一些武术套路和绝招已失传。因此,作为中华武术传统体育的重要组成部分,应进一步重视和发展傣族武术,进行更好的挖掘整理,推陈出新,使这一瑰丽的珍宝放出光彩,使我国丰富多彩的民族体育之花更加鲜艳,为建设民族体育事业贡献力量。

西南地区植被NPP对多尺度气象干旱的响应

[目的]为研究植被对不同时间尺度干旱的响应机理,明确西南地区极端干旱事件频发对植被生长产生严重的负面影响。[方法]基于西南地区2001—2019年的NPP数据和1~24个月连续尺度的SPEI数据,采用相关分析法、最大值合成法及显著性检验等方法探究西南地区不同地貌类型植被NPP对多尺度SPEI的响应特征,并分析不同植被类型NPP对多尺度SPEI响应的差异性。[结果](1)在年际、季节及生长季尺度,植被NPP与1~24个月尺度SPEI的响应均以1-3月尺度占主导,表明植被NPP对短期干旱变化具有较好的响应,不同地貌分区响应时间表现出差异性。(2)空间上,植被NPP与1~24个月尺度SPEI的最大相关系数呈明显的异质性和季节性差异。年际相关性表现出从东南—西北呈显著正相关—显著负相关的变化趋势,季节相关性表现为夏季均以显著负相关占主导,春季、秋季和冬季均以显著正相关占主导,表明西南地区的夏季温度高且湿润,使植被生长受限,生长季正、负相关关系的区域面积比例相差不大,且呈显著正相关面积最大的地区为广西丘陵,呈显著负相关面积最大的地区为若尔盖高原。(3)不同植被类型NPP对1~24个月尺度SPEI的响应具有一定差异,尽管草地、灌丛、林地对SPEI的响应特征基本相似,但所有植被类型NPP在夏季随SPEI尺度的缩短呈负相关趋势越强烈。表明在夏季高温干旱条件下,各种植被类型都更易受到干旱的影响。[结论]研究结果为西南地区生态系统的保护和修复提供有效的科学支撑,同时,为防灾减灾及应对气候变化提供重要的理论依据,有助于制定更具针对性的政策和措施,推动西南地区的可持续发展。

西南欠发达地区社区医疗服务建设对慢性病患者就医选择的影响

目的:分析西南欠发达地区社区医疗服务建设内容对慢性病患者就医选择的影响,并探讨社区医疗服务各项建设内容的边际影响和贡献程度。方法:在西南欠发达地区采取分层整群随机的抽样方法抽取20个社区(村)1205名慢性病患者进行问卷调查,采用描述性分析、无序多分类Logistic回归和Shapley值分解法进行统计对比和因素分析。结果:1205名调查对象中,776名慢性病居民选择社区医院就诊(64.4%)。Logistic回归结果显示,社区医院的隐私保护(OR=0.789;95%CI:0.543~0.818)、医疗设备(OR=0.736;95%CI:0.599~0.903)、医学检查(OR=0.559;95%CI:0.381~0.680)建设对慢性病居民由省市级医院流向社区医院有积极影响;社区医院的隐私保护(OR=0.806;95%CI:0.629~0.910)、专家坐诊(OR=0.741;95%CI:0.575~0.954)、医疗设备(OR=0.690;95%CI:0.533~0.785)、护理服务(OR=0.630;95%CI:0.443~0.894)、医学检查(OR=0.611;95%CI:0.452~0.792)、服务态度(OR=0.499;95%CI:0.356~0.741)和收费标准(OR=0.499;95%CI:0.385~0.648)建设对慢性病居民由县区级医院流向社区医院有积极影响。Shapley值分析结果显示,社区医院的隐私保护、医学检查、服务态度、诊疗成本和护理服务建设对慢性病居民就医选择的影响贡献率最大,分别为38.91%,12.44%,11.70%,9.84%和7.15%。结论:加强西南欠发达地区社区医疗服务建设对慢性病居民由省市级医院、县区级医院流向社区医院的促进作用明显。当地政府应加大社区医院在医疗设备、医学检查和专家坐诊方面的投入,发挥医保的杠杆作用,降低社区医院收费标准,提升社区医院服务水平,进一步落实分级诊疗政策。

气候变化对中国西南地区主要桦木科乔木树种潜在地理分布的影响

依据收集的中国西南地区8种主要桦木科(Betulaceae)乔木树种分布数据、37个环境因素数据,选取19个生物气候因素、15个土壤因素、3个地形因素,应用最大熵模型(MaxEnt)构建中国西南地区主要桦木科乔木树种分布区预测模型,预测当前(1971—2000年)及未来2070年(2061—2080年)3种气候环境(SSPs126、SSPs245、SSPs585)时中国西南地区主要桦木科乔木树种的潜在地理分布;采用地理信息系统软件(ArcGIS10.8),将8种桦木科乔木树种当前气候环境潜在分布区数据与2000年土地利用(有林地)数据结合,将未来气候环境时8种桦木科乔木树种各潜在分布区数据与2020年土地利用(有林地)数据相融合,分析各桦木科乔木树种的适生区范围、变化趋势及影响桦木科乔木树种分布的主要环境因素。结果表明:①最大熵模型预测的模型精度值均大于0.8,模型预测结果具有高精度和可信度。②影响高山桦(Betula delavayi)潜在地理分布的主要环境因素为温度季节性变化标准差(贡献率37%)、等温性(贡献率23.6%)、坡度(贡献率17.6%)、表层土基础饱和度(贡献率16.6%),累计贡献率为94.8%;影响其他7种桦木科乔木树种潜在地理分布的主要环境因素为年降水量(贡献率36.1%)、温度季节性变化标准差(贡献率18.7%)、海拔(贡献率16.3%)、最冷月最低温(贡献率14.9%),累计贡献率达86.0%。③8个树种主要分布于长江以南地区,其中白桦(Betula platyphylla)、糙皮桦(Betula utilis)、高山桦的潜在地理分布,延伸至陕西、山西、甘肃南部、河北北部、辽宁东部等地。④未来3种气候环境时,川滇桤木(Alnus ferdinandi-coburgii)、高山桦、白桦潜在地理分布,适生区总面积减少1.3%~50.6%;尼泊尔桤木(Alnus nepalensis)、亮叶桦(Betula luminifera)、糙皮桦的潜在地理分布,适生区总面积增加0.2%~13.0%;红桦(Betula albosinensis)、云贵鹅耳枥(Carpinus pubescens)潜在地理分布,适生区总面积在SSPs126、SSPs585环境时呈减少趋势(减少0.7%~4.9%),在SSPs245环境时分别增加2.6%、5.4%。⑤未来气候环境时,各乔木树种适生分布区均向北扩张;其中,川滇桤木、红桦、高山桦、糙皮桦的高度适生区,向北迁移至四川中部、云南北部、西藏东南部地区;尼泊尔桤木、亮叶桦、白桦、云贵鹅耳枥的高度适生区,向东北方向迁移至贵州、重庆、山西、湖北西部、甘肃南部、云南东部等地。

基于Kano模型的西南地区农贸市场更新设计研究

目的旨在从情感化设计的角度出发,结合Kano模型的相关方法,根据用户的具体需求,对昆明篆新农贸市场的更新设计策略进行研究。方法通过分析情感化设计的三个层次,寻找用户痛点,设计并发放Kano问卷,分析统计各项需求的属性类别,并通过计算Better-Worse四象限散点图,对各功能进行优先级排序,最后得出昆明篆新农贸市场的更新设计重点。结果用户认为优化功能分区、摊位标准化设计、无障碍设计是市场必须要达到的要求;对导向设计、公共座椅、规划交通流线和停车位、预约停车位(小程序)具有强烈需求;对商品寄送到家(小程序)共享推车或共享菜篮、线上外卖点单(小程序)、特色摊位、餐饮区域、共享菜地、共享摊位,以及非遗文化展示售卖空间有较大期待。结论根据Kano模型的分析结果,按照必备属性、期望属性、魅力属性的顺序对功能进行设计,达到了集市空间的更新发展目标,有助于提升我国西南地区农贸市场活力、带动当地经济、保护和传承乡村文化,为我国西南地区农贸市场的更新发展提供新的研究视角。

基于丰度分析国家体育旅游精品资源西南区域的省际差异

采取丰度分析对西南区域国家体育旅游精品资源进行省际差异研究,利用聚类分析探究西南区域六个省市国家体育旅游精品资源的优劣势程度。研究表明,国家体育旅游精品资源在西南区域六个省市内存在显著性省际差异,具体结论:丰度层面,贵州为国家体育旅游精品资源的高值区,云南和广西为中高值区,四川为中值区,重庆和西藏则为低值区。组合层面,贵州、云南两省域体育旅游精品资源组合度高,在景区、赛事、线路、目的地四种资源类型之间配合协调;广西、四川资源类型之间组合较不协调。重庆和西藏组合协调较差。综合优势度层面,贵州综合优势度最高;云南和广西优势较高;四川优势不明显;重庆和西藏较差。总体而言,贵州为精品资源富足区;云南、广西为丰富区;四川、重庆、西藏为不富区。

西南地区农村居民体育消费模型分析

对西南地区四川、云南、贵州、西藏、重庆五省市区2658位农村居民的体育消费调查分析表明:居民消费行为受求实、求美、求同心理的影响,呈现以求实为主、逐步向求美和求同多元化发展的消费特征;女性体育消费高于男性(p=0.000),随着年龄的增长,消费呈现单一化特征(p=0.007),而消费水平的提高,体育消费呈现多元化发展(p=0.000);空间自相关分析显示在地理上无集中分布的现象(Moran’s I<0,p<0.05),消费层次从实用性需求向精神性需求发展,消费多样化与当地经济水平正相关(Local Moran’s I>0,p<0.05),呈阶梯式发展趋势,表现为以“西藏—贵州”为主的单因子类、以“云南”为主的双因子类和以“四川—重庆”为主的多因子类.因此,应充分挖掘西南地区农村居民体育消费潜能,细分市场,并进一步扩容西南地区农村居民体育消费市场,满足农村居民体育消费需求.