Background Soy protein supplements,with high crude protein and less antinutritional factors,are produced from soybean meal by different processes.This study evaluated the comparative effects of various soy protein sup...Background Soy protein supplements,with high crude protein and less antinutritional factors,are produced from soybean meal by different processes.This study evaluated the comparative effects of various soy protein supplements replacing animal protein supplements in feeds on the intestinal immune status,intestinal oxidative stress,mucosaassociated microbiota,and growth performance of nursery pigs.Methods Sixty nursery pigs(6.6±0.5 kg BW)were allotted to five treatments in a randomized complete block design with initial BW and sex as blocks.Pigs were fed for 39 d in 3 phases(P1,P2,and P3).Treatments were:Control(CON),basal diet with fish meal 4%,2%,and 1%,poultry meal 10%,8%,and 4%,and blood plasma 4%,2%,and 1%for P1,P2,and P3,respectively;basal diet with soy protein concentrate(SPC),enzyme-treated soybean meal(ESB),fermented soybean meal with Lactobacillus(FSBL),and fermented soybean meal with Bacillus(FSBB),replacing 1/3,2/3,and 3/3 of animal protein supplements for P1,P2,and P3,respectively.Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure in SAS 9.4.Results The SPC did not affect the BW,ADG,and G:F,whereas it tended to reduce(P=0.094)the ADFI and tended to increase(P=0.091)crypt cell proliferation.The ESM did not affect BW,ADG,ADFI,and G:F,whereas tended to decrease(P=0.098)protein carbonyl in jejunal mucosa.The FSBL decreased(P<0.05)BW and ADG,increased(P<0.05)TNF-α,and Klebsiella and tended to increase MDA(P=0.065)and IgG(P=0.089)in jejunal mucosa.The FSBB tended to increase(P=0.073)TNF-α,increased(P<0.05)Clostridium and decreased(P<0.05)Achromobacter and alpha diversity of microbiota in jejunal mucosa.Conclusions Soy protein concentrate,enzyme-treated soybean meal,and fermented soybean meal with Bacillus could reduce the use of animal protein supplements up to 33%until 7 kg body weight,up to 67%from 7 to 11 kg body weight,and entirely from 11 kg body weight without affecting the intestinal health and the growth performance of nursery pigs.Fermented soybean meal with Lactobacillus,however,increased the immune reaction and oxidative stress in the intestine consequently reducing the growth performance.展开更多
Due to diminishing fish meal(FM)supplies,superb protein(PRO)sources are needed for aquaculture,such as soy-based PRO.However,these can cause enteritis and even intestinal injury in fish when used at high proportions i...Due to diminishing fish meal(FM)supplies,superb protein(PRO)sources are needed for aquaculture,such as soy-based PRO.However,these can cause enteritis and even intestinal injury in fish when used at high proportions in feed.This research examines the effects of substituting soybean protein concentrate(SPC)for FM on the growth performance and intestinal balance of pearl gentian groupers and investigates the mechanism of SPC-induced enteritis.Experimental fish(n=720)were fed 1 of 3 following diets:(1)a 50%FM diet(control),(2)a diet with 20%of the FM substituted with SPC(group SPC20),and(3)a 40%SPC-substituted diet(SPC40).Fish were fed for 10 wk iso-nitrogenous(50%PRO)and iso-lipidic(10%lipid)diets.Groups SPC20 and SPC40 showed significantly lower developmental performance and intestinal structures than control.Group SPC40 had significantly higher expressions of pro-inflammatory-related genes,such as interleukin 1β(IL1β),IL12,IL17 and tumor necrosis factorαand significantly lower expressions of anti-inflammatory-related genes,such as IL5,IL10 and transforming growth factorβ1.Biochemical and 16S high-throughput sequencing showed that the abundance and functions of intestinal flora in group SPC40 were significantly affected(P<0.05),and there were significant correlations between operational taxonomic unit abundance variations and inflammatory gene expressions at genus level(P<0.05).The second-and third-generation full-length transcriptome sequence was used to analyze the mechanism of SPC-induced enteritis in pearl gentian groupers,which showed that enteritis induced by SPC may be caused by disturbances to intestinal immune function induced by an imbalance in intestinal nutrition and metabolism,such as the intestinal immunity network for IgA production pathway.However,it remains unclear as to which intestinal immune or nutritional imbalance is most important in enteritis development.This study provides a basis for further research into soy PRO-related enteritis in fish.展开更多
本文探究超声技术对高浓度大豆分离蛋白(soybean protein isolate,SPI)结构及其酶解产物抗氧化活性的影响。通过SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)、傅里叶变换红外光谱、荧光光谱和荧光探针分析超声对高浓度下大豆分离蛋白分子结构的影...本文探究超声技术对高浓度大豆分离蛋白(soybean protein isolate,SPI)结构及其酶解产物抗氧化活性的影响。通过SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)、傅里叶变换红外光谱、荧光光谱和荧光探针分析超声对高浓度下大豆分离蛋白分子结构的影响,以及对酶解产物中多肽含量和分子量、游离氨基酸组成及抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,在一定超声条件下,SPI一级结构不变,但高浓度(16%)SPI经超声处理后会引起蛋白其他结构特性的改变。二级结构中β-折叠含量增加,α-螺旋含量减少;内源荧光发射波长发生了明显红移,表面疏水性显著(P<0.05)增加,进而影响超声对SPI酶解效果。随着SPI浓度增加,与未超声相比,超声处理提高了酶解产物中多肽含量,当浓度16%时,多肽含量最高达84.27%,且浓度8%~16%时,分子量为200~2000 Da多肽占比增加。此外,超声处理显著(P<0.05)提高了SPI酶解产物中游离疏水性氨基酸的含量,并且当浓度16%时,酶解产物的DPPH自由基清除率、羟自由基清除率显著(P<0.05)提升,还原能力明显增强,表现出更高地抗氧化活性。可见,超声处理对高浓度SPI的改性效果有助于制备具有高抗氧化活性酶解产物,在制备多肽方面具有良好应用前景。展开更多
本文综述大豆浓缩蛋白(soy protein concentrate,SPC)的研究现状,展望SPC改性后的应用前景。SPC的生产方法主要有传统的稀酸洗涤法、环保型醇提法和新工艺超滤膜法3种。SPC改性方法主要有热、微波、超声波、生物酶等8种方法来提高其功...本文综述大豆浓缩蛋白(soy protein concentrate,SPC)的研究现状,展望SPC改性后的应用前景。SPC的生产方法主要有传统的稀酸洗涤法、环保型醇提法和新工艺超滤膜法3种。SPC改性方法主要有热、微波、超声波、生物酶等8种方法来提高其功能特性和生物特性。改性后的功能性SPC可作为食品工业和饲料工业中最重要的营养物质,其应用前景十分广泛。展开更多
主要介绍了乙醇浸提法生产大豆浓缩蛋白的浸提工艺。探讨了主要工艺参数:乙醇浓度、浸提时间、浸提温度对整个浸提工艺的影响。通过正交试验确定了醇法生产大豆浓缩蛋白的最佳浸提工艺条件为:乙醇浓度70%,浸提时间90 m in,浸提温度50℃...主要介绍了乙醇浸提法生产大豆浓缩蛋白的浸提工艺。探讨了主要工艺参数:乙醇浓度、浸提时间、浸提温度对整个浸提工艺的影响。通过正交试验确定了醇法生产大豆浓缩蛋白的最佳浸提工艺条件为:乙醇浓度70%,浸提时间90 m in,浸提温度50℃,在此条件下生产的大豆浓缩蛋白其蛋白含量可达到75.48%。展开更多
基金awarded and funded by USDA-NIFA Hatch Fund (#02636, Washington DC, USA)North Carolina Agricultural Foundation (#660101, Raleigh, NC, USA)CJ Cheil Jedang (Seoul, Korea)
文摘Background Soy protein supplements,with high crude protein and less antinutritional factors,are produced from soybean meal by different processes.This study evaluated the comparative effects of various soy protein supplements replacing animal protein supplements in feeds on the intestinal immune status,intestinal oxidative stress,mucosaassociated microbiota,and growth performance of nursery pigs.Methods Sixty nursery pigs(6.6±0.5 kg BW)were allotted to five treatments in a randomized complete block design with initial BW and sex as blocks.Pigs were fed for 39 d in 3 phases(P1,P2,and P3).Treatments were:Control(CON),basal diet with fish meal 4%,2%,and 1%,poultry meal 10%,8%,and 4%,and blood plasma 4%,2%,and 1%for P1,P2,and P3,respectively;basal diet with soy protein concentrate(SPC),enzyme-treated soybean meal(ESB),fermented soybean meal with Lactobacillus(FSBL),and fermented soybean meal with Bacillus(FSBB),replacing 1/3,2/3,and 3/3 of animal protein supplements for P1,P2,and P3,respectively.Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure in SAS 9.4.Results The SPC did not affect the BW,ADG,and G:F,whereas it tended to reduce(P=0.094)the ADFI and tended to increase(P=0.091)crypt cell proliferation.The ESM did not affect BW,ADG,ADFI,and G:F,whereas tended to decrease(P=0.098)protein carbonyl in jejunal mucosa.The FSBL decreased(P<0.05)BW and ADG,increased(P<0.05)TNF-α,and Klebsiella and tended to increase MDA(P=0.065)and IgG(P=0.089)in jejunal mucosa.The FSBB tended to increase(P=0.073)TNF-α,increased(P<0.05)Clostridium and decreased(P<0.05)Achromobacter and alpha diversity of microbiota in jejunal mucosa.Conclusions Soy protein concentrate,enzyme-treated soybean meal,and fermented soybean meal with Bacillus could reduce the use of animal protein supplements up to 33%until 7 kg body weight,up to 67%from 7 to 11 kg body weight,and entirely from 11 kg body weight without affecting the intestinal health and the growth performance of nursery pigs.Fermented soybean meal with Lactobacillus,however,increased the immune reaction and oxidative stress in the intestine consequently reducing the growth performance.
基金This study received assistance from the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD0900200).
文摘Due to diminishing fish meal(FM)supplies,superb protein(PRO)sources are needed for aquaculture,such as soy-based PRO.However,these can cause enteritis and even intestinal injury in fish when used at high proportions in feed.This research examines the effects of substituting soybean protein concentrate(SPC)for FM on the growth performance and intestinal balance of pearl gentian groupers and investigates the mechanism of SPC-induced enteritis.Experimental fish(n=720)were fed 1 of 3 following diets:(1)a 50%FM diet(control),(2)a diet with 20%of the FM substituted with SPC(group SPC20),and(3)a 40%SPC-substituted diet(SPC40).Fish were fed for 10 wk iso-nitrogenous(50%PRO)and iso-lipidic(10%lipid)diets.Groups SPC20 and SPC40 showed significantly lower developmental performance and intestinal structures than control.Group SPC40 had significantly higher expressions of pro-inflammatory-related genes,such as interleukin 1β(IL1β),IL12,IL17 and tumor necrosis factorαand significantly lower expressions of anti-inflammatory-related genes,such as IL5,IL10 and transforming growth factorβ1.Biochemical and 16S high-throughput sequencing showed that the abundance and functions of intestinal flora in group SPC40 were significantly affected(P<0.05),and there were significant correlations between operational taxonomic unit abundance variations and inflammatory gene expressions at genus level(P<0.05).The second-and third-generation full-length transcriptome sequence was used to analyze the mechanism of SPC-induced enteritis in pearl gentian groupers,which showed that enteritis induced by SPC may be caused by disturbances to intestinal immune function induced by an imbalance in intestinal nutrition and metabolism,such as the intestinal immunity network for IgA production pathway.However,it remains unclear as to which intestinal immune or nutritional imbalance is most important in enteritis development.This study provides a basis for further research into soy PRO-related enteritis in fish.
文摘本文探究超声技术对高浓度大豆分离蛋白(soybean protein isolate,SPI)结构及其酶解产物抗氧化活性的影响。通过SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)、傅里叶变换红外光谱、荧光光谱和荧光探针分析超声对高浓度下大豆分离蛋白分子结构的影响,以及对酶解产物中多肽含量和分子量、游离氨基酸组成及抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,在一定超声条件下,SPI一级结构不变,但高浓度(16%)SPI经超声处理后会引起蛋白其他结构特性的改变。二级结构中β-折叠含量增加,α-螺旋含量减少;内源荧光发射波长发生了明显红移,表面疏水性显著(P<0.05)增加,进而影响超声对SPI酶解效果。随着SPI浓度增加,与未超声相比,超声处理提高了酶解产物中多肽含量,当浓度16%时,多肽含量最高达84.27%,且浓度8%~16%时,分子量为200~2000 Da多肽占比增加。此外,超声处理显著(P<0.05)提高了SPI酶解产物中游离疏水性氨基酸的含量,并且当浓度16%时,酶解产物的DPPH自由基清除率、羟自由基清除率显著(P<0.05)提升,还原能力明显增强,表现出更高地抗氧化活性。可见,超声处理对高浓度SPI的改性效果有助于制备具有高抗氧化活性酶解产物,在制备多肽方面具有良好应用前景。
文摘本文综述大豆浓缩蛋白(soy protein concentrate,SPC)的研究现状,展望SPC改性后的应用前景。SPC的生产方法主要有传统的稀酸洗涤法、环保型醇提法和新工艺超滤膜法3种。SPC改性方法主要有热、微波、超声波、生物酶等8种方法来提高其功能特性和生物特性。改性后的功能性SPC可作为食品工业和饲料工业中最重要的营养物质,其应用前景十分广泛。
