Modeling and Simulation of a Bonding Process for Space Solar Cells

A bonding process for space solar cells implemented by an automated coating and bonding system was theoretically investigated for future parametric studies to achieve better bonding quality. First, the mechanical properties of silicone adhesive and the vacuum suction cup were experimentally analyzed. Based on the constitutive relationship of four parts in the bonding process, the dynamic bonding process was modeled systematically, and numerically simulated by a commercial finite element analysis code, Adina. The final bonding edge-alignment error and the thickness and uniformity of the adhesive layer were obtained from simulation and validated by experiments. A simulation platform was created for predicting the final bonding quality via adjusting bonding parameters when dimensions of the solar cells and adhesive were changed.

Development of the Automated Bonding Robot for Space Solar Cells

The bonding process of space solar cells is a very complicated task undertaken by manual labor before.An automatic approach based on robot technology is presented to deal with the difficult problem.The architecture of the bonding robot for space solar cells is described.The two processes carried out by the robot,adhesive dispensing and cover-glass bonding,are studied.Based on the mechanical model,the flow velocity field of the adhesive in needles is obtained and the cover-glass bonding theory is interpreted.According to the studies,the thickness of the adhesive can be controlled accurately by robot and bubbles can be avoided coming about inside the adhesive.

Mechanical properties of multi-scale germanium specimens from space solar cells under electron irradiation

During long-term service in space,Gallium Arsenide(GaAs)solar cells are directly exposed to electron irradiation which usually causes a dramatic decrease in their performance.In the multilayer structure of solar cells,the germanium(Ge)layer occupies the majority of the thickness as the substrate.Due to the intrinsic brittleness of semiconductor material,there exist various defects during the preparation and assembly of solar cells,the influences of which tend to be intensified by the irradiation effect.In this work,first,Ge specimens for mechanical tests were prepared at scales from microscopic to macroscopic.Then,after different doses of electron irradiation,the mechanical properties of the Ge specimens were investigated.The experimental results demonstrate that electron irradiation has an obvious effect on the mechanical property variation of Ge in diverse scales.The four-point bending test indicates that the elastic modulus,fracture strength,and maximum displacement of the Ge specimens all increase,and reach the maximum value at the irradiation dose of 1×10^(15)e/cm^(2).The micrometer scale cantilever and nanoindentation tests present similar trends for Ge specimens after irradiation.Atomic Force Microscope(AFM)also observed the change in surface roughness.Finally,a fitting model was established to characterize the relation between modulus change and electron irradiation dose.

Enhanced Efficiency of Metamorphic Triple Junction Solar Cells for Space Applications

Metamorphic In0.55Ga0.45P/In0.06Ga0.94As/Ge triple-junction （3J-MM） solar cells are grown on Ge （100） sub- strates via metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Epi-structural analyses such as high resolution x-ray diffrac- tion, photoluminence, cathodoluminescence and HRTEM are employed and the results show that the high crystal quality of 3J-MM solar cells is obtained with low threading dislocation density of graded buffer （an average value of 6.8× 10^4/cm2）. Benefitting from the optimized bandgap combination, under one sun, AM0 spectrum, 25℃ conditions, the conversion efficiency is achieved about 32%, 5% higher compared with the lattice-matched In0.49Ga0.51P/In0.01Ga0.99As/Ge triple junction （3J-LM） solar cell. Under 1-MeV electron irradiation test, the degradation of the EQE and I-V characteristics of 3J-MM solar cells is at the same level as the 33-LM solar cell. The end-of-life efficiency is -27.1%. Therefore, the metamorphic triple-junction solar cell may be a promising candidate for next-generation space multi-junction solar cells.

Silicon Solar Cell Space Charge Region and Capacitance Behavior under Electric Field

This paper investigates theoretically the behavior of the space charge region of a silicon solar cell and its associated capacitance under the effect of an external electric field. The purpose of this work is to show that under illumination the solar cell’s space charge region width varies with both operating point and the external induced electric field and how the solar cell capacitance varies with the space charge region width. Based on a 1D modelling of the quasi-neutral p-base, the space charge region width is determined and the associated capacitance is calculated taking into account the external electric field and the junction dynamic velocity. Based on the above calculations and simulations conducted with Mathcad, we confirmed the linear dependence of the inverse capacitance with space charge region width for thin space charge region and we exhibit an exponential dependence for large space charge region.

Preparation and Properties of CdTe Polycrystalline Films for Solar Cells

The structure and characteristics of CdTe thin filrns are closely dependent on the whole deposition process in close-space sublimation （CSS）. The physical mechanism of CSS was analyzed aud the temperature distribution in CSS system was measured, and the influences of the increasing-temperature process and pressure on the preliminary nucleus creation were studied. The resuits indicate ： tire samples deposited at different pressures hare a cubical structure of CdTe and the diffraction peaks of CdS and SnO2 ： F. As the atmosphere pressure increases, the crystal size of CdTe decreases, the rate of the transparency of the thin film decreases and the absorption side moves towards the short-wave direction. After a 4-minute depositing process with a substrate teraw.rature of 500℃ and a source temperature of 620 ℃, the polycostallinc thin films can be mmade , so the production of high-quality integrated cell with StrO2： F/ CdS/ CdTe/ Au structure is hopeful.

Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cell p-n Junction Capacitance Behavior Modelling under an Integrated External Electrical Field Source in Solar Cell System

The state of the p-n junction is very important to explain the performances of a solar cell. Some works give the influence of the electric field on the junction capacitance. However, these works do not relate the quality of the p-n junction under the electic field. The present manuscript is about a theoretical modelling of the p-n junction capacitance behavior of the polycrystalline silicon solar cell under an integration of the external electrical field source. An external electrical source is integrated in a solar cell system. The electronic carriers charge generated in the solar cell crossed mainly the junction with the great strength external electrical field. In open circuit, this crossing of the electronic charge carriers causes the thermal heating of the p-n junction by Joule effect. The p-n junction capacitance plotted versus the junction dynamic velocity and the photo-voltage for different external electrical fields. The electric field causes the decrease of the photo-voltage mainly the open-circuit photo-voltage. The decrease of the photo-voltage translates the narrowing of the Space Charge Region (SCR). The average value of the external electric field used in this study is not sufficient to cause the breakdown of the p-n junction of the solar cell system under integration of the external electrical field production source. The increase of the electrical field causes rather the narrowing of the SCR. That can provide an improvement of the solar cell’s electrical outputs.

钙钛矿太阳能电池在空间环境中的应用

随着国内外地球静止轨道、月球轨道、火星轨道以及月球或火星科研站等空间任务的蓬勃发展,在空间环境中高效利用太阳能资源逐渐成为研究热点之一。钙钛矿太阳能电池因其优异的光电特性、低成本、制备工艺简单等特点而备受关注。本文全面介绍了国内外钙钛矿太阳能电池材料的研究进展,包括钙钛矿太阳能电池的基本光电性质、几何结构及其研究现状;重点介绍了钙钛矿太阳能电池在空间环境中的应用,如其在高能粒子辐照、大温差温度循环、紫外辐照等特殊条件下的性能表现;最后对钙钛矿太阳能电池在航空航天领域面临的挑战进行了总结,提出了下一步需要重点研究和解决的问题。

空间等离子体环境对高压太阳电池静电放电特性研究

随着3D打印等新技术的空间应用,新一代航天装备对能源系统的功率需求将日益增加。运行于低地球轨道航天器将面临低能高密度等离子体环境,导致高压太阳电池阵产生静电放电效应。通过模拟低轨道等离子体环境特点,测试了不同等离子体能量、密度以及电池偏置电压下高压太阳电池静电放电试验,揭示了等离子体参数对放电特性的影响规律。研究结果显示,当高压太阳电池的偏置电压达到-70 V时,静电放电现象开始显现,并且随着偏置电压幅值的增加,静电放电频次也相应增多。此外,空间等离子体的密度越大,越容易诱发静电放电,而轨道等离子体的能量对静电放电次数的影响则相对较小。

单晶钙钛矿太阳能电池研究进展

单晶半导体(如硅、锗和砷化镓)在太阳能电池领域展现的光电转换效率要普遍优于多晶薄膜。然而,基于ABX3新型有机-无机杂化金属卤化物钙钛矿材料构建的第三代太阳能电池中,其>26%的最高认证效率是基于多晶薄膜实现的。目前,单晶钙钛矿太阳能电池最高效率约为24%,且相关研究较少。多晶钙钛矿薄膜存在着高密度的固有结构缺陷(如晶界、空位缺陷、杂质缺陷、反位缺陷等),会导致太阳能电池器件稳定性弱和严重迟滞效应等问题。相比之下,钙钛矿单晶具有无晶界、低缺陷密度、长载流子寿命和扩散距离等优势,这些特性使得钙钛矿单晶成为高性能光电子器件的理想优选材料。本综述简述钙钛矿单晶太阳能电池的基本器件结构,系统综述不同组分构成的钙钛矿单晶材料的优势/劣势,同时探讨不同单晶钙钛矿材料的制备/生长方法,细致分析其最新的研究进展和关键攻关方向,重点强调单晶钙钛矿材料组分、器件结构、生长工艺与器件性能之间的关系。希望本综述能为促进研究人员开发高效与高稳定钙钛矿单晶太阳能电池提供借鉴。

国外空间太阳电池阵先进制造技术综述

为达到经济、科学、军事等领域的深层次发展,近年来,世界先进航天强国在卫星系统建设方面纷纷展开竞争。空间太阳电池阵作为卫星唯一在轨能量来源,以SpaceX为代表的众多公司均对其需求量呈现井喷式增长,在运用机器人、先进检测技术之外,国外空间太阳电池阵研制厂商也在通过大数据采集应用、数字孪生等先进辅助制造技术进行太阳电池阵智能化研制模式升级,以满足卫星整体批量化发射要求。

空间太阳电池封装机器人

研究了一种用于空间太阳电池封装的机器人系统.它包括三自由度直角坐标机器人、滴胶机构、封装机构、电池片及玻璃盖片的定位托盘、控制系统等.提出了控制电池片胶层厚度的连续滴胶方法与机构,以及一种能实现薄形抗辐照玻璃盖片和空间太阳电池的自动封装方法与机构.在无真空的环境条件下,使封装胶层内无气泡产生,并保证了封装边缘错位不大于0.1mm.与原有人工封装方法相比,没有碎片现象出现,盖片胶也不外溢、不污染玻璃盖片和电池片.

大面积高效率空间用三结砷化镓太阳电池的研究

通过在电池中引入布拉格反射器,提高电池抗带电子辐照能力,经辐照后使电池最大功率平均衰减小于18%。优化上电极栅线结构,当金属栅线面积占电池面积的3.0%时,电池平均短路电流为456.2mA。优化TiO_x/AlO_x双层减反射膜结构,短波300~500nm范围内电池表面反射率小于30%。采用以上结构最终制备出面积为26.8cm^2的空间用三结砷化镓太阳电池,批产平均转换效率为29.61%,最大转换效率30.15%。

CdTe薄膜的制备和后处理研究

用近空间升华法制备CdTe薄膜 .研究了在不同衬底材料、基片温度下薄膜的微结构 .衬底温度在 4 0 0℃以上薄膜结晶状况较为完整 .结晶状况较好的CdS薄膜上生长的CdTe薄膜晶粒较大 ,尺寸均匀 .对CdTe薄膜进行了加热后处理研究 ,结果表明 ,加用CdCl2

近空间升华法制备CdTe薄膜

研究了衬底材料和基片温度对膜微结构的影响。衬底温度在 4 0 0℃以上薄膜结晶状况较为完整。在结晶状况较好的CdS薄膜上生长的CdTe薄膜晶粒较大 ,尺寸均匀。在CdTe膜面涂敷CdCl2 甲醇溶液 。

空间高效硅太阳电池减反射膜设计与数值分析

结合 AM0太阳光谱特性对空间硅太阳电池的减反射膜进行了设计分析 ,得到了最小反射时的最佳膜厚 .分别讨论了单、双、三层减反射膜厚度变化对反射率的影响 ,并对有钝化层的 Si O2 (94 nm) / Ti O2 (6 0 nm)双层减反射膜进行了优化设计 ,优化后硅太阳电池的短路电流和效率分别提高了 2 .1%和 1.4 % .

空间太阳电池自动涂胶过程的扩散原理

空间太阳电池封装操作包括:注射器涂胶过程、盖片胶平面扩散以及玻璃盖片封装操作三个阶段.分析了盖片胶从注射器中流出落在电池片上后,逐渐扩散融合的过程.基于非牛顿流体理论,建立了盖片胶的平面扩散模型,使用有限元软件Adina,基于流体体积法进行运动界面追踪,对模型进行了模拟仿真,并与实验结果进行了对比验证.获得了盖片前胶层的形状,确定了胶层的边缘位置.为封装过程的分析建模提供了胶层厚度和边界等几何参数.对类似的平面扩散问题,也提供了一种新的解决方法.

航天器太阳电池阵电性能测试技术

文章介绍了航天器太阳电池阵电性能技术指标,分析了影响测试的技术条件,如光谱、光照强度、温度、标准太阳电池、光照均匀度、光照稳定度、测试系统等。文章还介绍了脉冲式太阳模拟器的工作原理,提出了在航天器太阳电池电性能测试方面的发展方向和今后要解决的技术问题。

CdTe太阳能电池研究进展

详细叙述了制备CdTe基太阳能电池的各种技术及其特点、沉积后热处理工艺、背电极工艺及CdTe基太阳电池的研究进展 ;重点讨论了近空间升华技术、氯化物热处理工艺、ZnTe :Cu背电极技术。介绍CdTe基太阳电池的应用前景 ,以及存在的问题和解决的途径。

基于图象处理的太阳电池串滴胶质量检测

针对太阳基板的自动布贴工艺中太阳电池串的滴胶质量控制问题,提出了采用图象处理技术评估电池串滴胶质量的检测方法,通过对电池片的滴胶面积比、滴胶质心、滴胶形状复杂度的计算,给出了判断滴胶合格与否的量化指标。该方法对提高空间太阳电池串的滴胶质量,降低空间太阳基板表面贴装过程的电池串损耗具有重要的实际价值,实验进一步证明了该方法的有效性。