PHOTO NEWS

Scenes from the 7th CIIE Visitors line up to sample Spanish ham in the Food and Agricultural Product Section of the 7th China International Import Expo(CIIE)in Shanghai,China on November 6.

EASIER ENTRY PUTS CHINA BACK ON THE MAP FOR TOURISTS

Li Mingxiang,a Spanishspeaking tour guide based in Chengdu,Sichuan Province,is fully booked until November,thanks to a surge in international tourists flocking to the city."Spanish-speaking tour guides are a rarity in Chengdu,and the demand far outstrips the supply,"he noted.

A Sustained Force for Economic Growth

A green industry chain has been formed in China,in which the latest technologies can be applied and further developed.IN 2018,due to a job change,I came to China and became the head of the Spanish news agency Agencia EFE’s Beijing office.At the end of 2021,I made a brave move from media to college,and started my new career as a teacher at the School of Journalism and Communication at Renmin University of China,which enabled me to get closer to China and the young Chinese.

A Comparative Study of Two Spanish Versions of the Poem Junzi Xielao of Shi Jing

The purpose of this paper is to do a comparative study of two complete Spanish versions of Shi Jing with a detailed analysis of the poem Junzi Xielao.The culture and personal backgrounds of the two translators,their translation purposes and intended readers largely influenced the translating style and technique of the two versions.

Stock Structure Analysis of the Japanese Spanish Mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius(Cuvier, 1832) Along the China Coast Based on Truss Network

The Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius(Cuvier,1832)is widely distributed in the subtropical and temperate waters of the northwestern Pacific Ocean,supporting one of the most important commercial fisheries in China.However,ignoring the potential population structure changes induced by fishing pressure and climate change may undermine the population stability under the current management strategy.In this study,the population structure of the Japanese Spanish mackerel was investigated based on a morphometric truss network system.A total of 534 individuals were randomly collected from commercial gill nets spanning eight major spawning grounds in the Bohai,Yellow,and East China Seas during the peak spawning seasons respectively.A total of 17 measurements(including eye diameter)were conducted in each specimen and subjected to principal component analysis(PCA)and discriminant function analysis(DFA).The results of PCA indicated that the first two factors cumulatively caused 78.38%of the total morphometric variation and observable differences,primarily fin the caudal and trunk areas.The results of DFA revealed that the eight spawning groups can be divided into three stocks,i.e.,southern,middle,and northern stocks,with 68.7%of total accuracy.In contrast to previous studies,the spawning groups of the Japanese Spanish mackerel demonstrated a tendency to disperse to northern regions.In conclusion,this study found that to maintain the stability of the population structure and the total production of Japanese Spanish mackerel S.niphonius(Cuvier,1832),a newly revised management method should be developed and implemented.

Feeding ecology of Japanese Spanish mackerel(Scomberomorus niphonius)along the eastern coastal waters of China

Feeding activities provide necessary nutrition and energy to support the reproduction and development of fish populations.The feeding ecology and dietary plasticity of fish are important factors determining their recruitment and population dynamics.As a top predator,Japanese Spanish mackerel(Scomberomorus niphonius)supports one of the most valuable fisheries in China.In this study,the feeding ecology and diet composition of Japanese Spanish mackerel spawning groups were analysed based on samples collected from six spawning grounds along the eastern coastal waters of China during spring(March to May)in 2016 and 2017.Both stomach contents and stable isotope analysis were conducted.Stomach content analysis showed that spawning groups of Japanese Spanish mackerel mainly fed on fish,consuming more than 40 different prey species.Diets were significantly different among sampling locations.The most important prey species were Stolephorus in Fuzhou,Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus in Xiangshan,Euphausia pacifica in Lüsi,sand lance Ammodytes personatus in Qingdao and Weihai,and Leptochela gracilis in Laizhou Bay.Stable isotope analysis showed that the trophic level of Japanese Spanish mackerel was relatively high and generally increased with latitude from south to north.In the 1980 s,the diet of Japanese Spanish mackerel was dominated solely by Japanese anchovies in the eastern coastal waters of China.The results in the present study showed that the importance of Japanese anchovies declined considerably,and this fish was not the most dominant diet in most of the investigated waters.Both the spatial variations in diet composition and changes in the dominant diet over the long term indicated the high adaptability of Japanese Spanish mackerel to the environment.Combining the results of stomach analysis and stable isotope analysis from different tissues provided more comprehensive and accurate dietary information on Japanese Spanish mackerel.The study provides essential information about the feeding ecology of Japanese Spanish mackerel and will benefit the management of its populations in the future.

Geochemistry and geochronology of mafic rocks from the Spanish Central System:Constraints on the mantle evolution beneath central Spain

The Spanish Central System(SCS)contains several suites of Palaeozoic mafic igneous intrusions with contrasting geochemical affinity:Ordovician tholeiitic metabasites,Variscan calc-alkaline gabbros(Gb1)and microdiorites(Gb2),shoshonitic monzogabbros(Gb3)and alkaline diabases and lamprophyres(Gb4).Not all of these rocks are accurately dated,and several aspects of their genesis are still poorly understood.We present new whole-rock geochemical data(major and trace elements,and Sr-Nd isotopes),U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopic ratios on magmatic zircons and 40 Ar/39Ar amphibole geochronology results in order to establish a precise chronology for the successive events of magmatism in the SCS,and discuss the nature of their mantle sources.Accurate ages have been determined for the Variscan gabbros(305-294 Ma),the microdiorites(299 Ma)and the accompanying felsic porphyries(292 Ma),the shoshonitic monzogabbros(285 Ma),and the alkaline diabases(274 Ma)and monzosyenites(271-264 Ma).According to this information,the Variscan mafic magmatism would be mainly concentrated in the range of 305-294 Ma,with a final manifestation represented by the minor shoshonitic dykes.The alkaline magmatism proved to be slightly older than previously thought and yielded at least two distinct pulses:diabases and lamprophyres-monzosyenites.Zircon Hf isotopes evidence the involvement of depleted and slightly enriched mantle sources.The bulk of the eHf values are in the broad range of-8 to+11,indicative of melting both depleted and enriched mantle regions.The high within-sample Hf isotope variation(up to-11 epsilon units)shown by samples from the Variscan series(gabbros,microdiorites and monzogabbros)could be explained mainly by hybridisation of magmas derived from heterogeneous lithospheric mantle sources.Pressure estimates indicate that the Variscan mafic magmas were extracted from the lithosphere.The Nd-Hf isotopic composition of these suites of rocks suggests the recycling of pelitic sediments during the Cadomian orogeny.Deeper(asthenospheric)mantle levels were involved in the generation of the alkaline suite,whose anomalous negative eHf values(moderately decoupled with respect to radiogenic Nd)could be associated with subducted oceanic components raised by mantle upwelling associated with lithosphere thinning and extension during the Permian.

THE SPANISH SOCIETY OF PROFESSIONAL ACUPUNCTURISTS (S.E.A.P.)

The S.E.A.P.was founded during the Constituent Congress of the W.F.A.S.In 1987.It wasmotivated by the close friendshlp between the President of the W.F.A.S.Professor Carlos M.Lasviand Professors Wan Xuetai,Cheng Xinon and theDeputy Minister of Health of the People’s Republicof China,Mister Hu Ximing,during the first Spanish Congress on Traditional Chinese Medicine

TLCR is endorsed by the Spanish Lung Cancer Group(SLCG): new horizons for strong academic collaboration in lung cancer

From November 1,2013, Translational Lung Cancer Research （TLCR） is officially endorsed by the Spanish Lung Cancer Group （Figure 1）. This is a meaningful milestone for TLCR as an acknowledgment of its expansion and dedication to lung cancer research and will tremendously advance its continued exploration in the field.

Food Sources and Intake of Calcium in a Representative Sample of Spanish Adults

The present study aimed to assess calcium intake, dietary sources of this nutrient and its adequacy with respect to the dietary reference intake (DRI) in a representative sample of Spanish adults. In this study 418 adults (18 to 60 years) from 15 Spanish provinces were studied. Energy and nutrient intake was determined using a 24-hour recall questionnaire for two days. Adequacy of calcium intake was assessed using the established DRI for calcium. Anthropometric data (weight and height) were measured and the body mass index was calculated. Seventy eight percent of the participants in the study did not meet the DRI for calcium. Additionally, 33.7% of the participants did not meet the 67% of the DRI. The daily intake of calcium was 916.6 ± 288.1 mg/day, which represented the 81.3% of the DRI of calcium. Interestingly, subjects who had higher intake of calcium were taller. Additionally, it has been observed that individuals with normal body weight (BMI 2) had higher intakes of dairy products in comparison with overweight and obese individuals (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). The main food sources of calcium were dairy products (58.7% of calcium), cereals (13.6%) and vegetables (6.5%). Less than 1% (0.5%) of the calcium intake came from dietary supplements. It was observed that individuals who met the DRI for calcium had a significantly higher intake of dairy products (551.3 ± 240.4 g/day) than individuals who did not meet the DRI of calcium (305.0 ± 150.3 g/day). Calcium intake was inadequate in this sample of the adult Spanish population. Therefore, an increase in the consumption of dairy products, as well as cereals, vegetables and food items fortified with calcium seems to be necessary to achieve an adequate intake of calcium and to prevent diseases caused by calcium deficiency.

Research on the short-term fishery forecasting of Spanish mackerel (Scomberomerus niphonius)

-This paper presents the use of the hydrographic factors in short-term fishery forecasting of the spawning migration stock of the Spanish mackerel and salinity describes more concretely the correlativity of water temperature, salinity and air temperature with the fishing season in spring. The data have been collected from the hydrographic environmental investigation at the fixed position on the sea and the telegraph recordings of the drift net operation in the spring fishing season during the period of April and May from 1972 to 1980. The correlation coefficients of various factors with the data of the fishing season have been calculated by using the monadic regression method.The main reference targets of the forecasting are: (1) By using the upper-layer water temperature as the forecasting factor at the beginning of the fishing season, the accuracy is high; (2) the distribution and location of the isotherm of the upper-layer water at 10°C at the beginning of April are used as an important factor for determining the location and the range of the central fishing area of the Spanish mackerel; (3) whether a low temperature area at 8°C existing at the Estuary of the Changjiang River can be used as an important factor for forecasting the migration distribution of the Spanish mackerel moving to the north.

Educational Tourism:Spanish Schools and Their Consumers in a Dollarized Developing Country

Globally,tourism has been growing annually despite more threats of terrorist acts.In the same way,educational tourism and schools that teach Spanish as a foreign language,which belong to this type of tourism,have benefited to this global phenomenon,at least this trend is noticeable in the Spanish schools that are in Spain.However,there is no academic or governmental study to know if the same has happened with the Spanish schools located in Ecuador,a developing country situated in South America,whose particularity has a dollarized economy.Consequently,the present study aims to analyze the situation of Spanish schools in that country.Method:The study selected was the exploratory due to the lack of information on this topic.In addition,the approach adopted is the qualitative,to be able to have a better understanding of the phenomenon studied,using interviews with semi-structured questions to the eight institutions that make up the Ecuadorian Association of Teaching Spanish Centers.Results and conclusions:Spanish schools in Ecuador have not grown as other countries,because they have several difficulties.First,they have an unfair competition,especially by hostels which provide this service informally.Second,it is due to the higher costs compared to neighboring countries,because Ecuador adopted a strong currency for its economy.Third,idiomatic schools are in the middle of education and tourism,so they have complications in getting licenses and aids granted by the government.Despite these difficulties,they have innovated by offering more services,both educational and touristic,though,it is not a great profitable business.However,they have been able to maintain their business and earn a market share internationally.

Assessment of Global Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis: A Spanish Language Version of the CGI and PGI Fatigue Scales

Background: Fatigue is often identified as weakness following muscular exertion in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) but may be associated with other physical, cognitive and emotional symptoms. Objective: To develop a Spanish language global impression of fatigue scales to evaluate symptoms of fatigue distinct from a particular disease. Methods: 50 ambulatory patients with MS attending a clinical institute in Argentina consented to participate in this reliability study. The Spanish language version of the Clinical and Patient Global Impressions of Fatigue (CGI-S-F and PGI-S-F) instruments were administered with the Massachusetts General Hospital cognitive and physical functioning questionnaire (MGH-CPFQ). Results: The CGI-S-F and PGI-S-F scores were well correlated with each other (p < 0.00005). The mean CGI-S for fatigue was 2.28 ± 1.07 (SD) and PGI-S for fatigue was 2.30 ± 1.16 (p = ns) reflecting borderline to mild perception of fatigue. The total MGH-CPFQ was 16.68 ± 4.32. Both CGI-S-F and PGI-S-F measures were correlated with the MGH-CPFQ: CGI-Severity (r = 0.632;p < 0.00005);PGI-Severity (r = 0.717;p Conclusions: In this study, the Spanish language versions of the CGI-S-F and PGI-S-F were reliable measures in an MS population and can be useful and easily applied metrics in a busy clinical practice.

Spanish Flu, SARS, MERS-CoV by CO₂Emission and Maximal Sunspot Number

The 1918 Spanish flu, 2002 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and 2012 Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) were investigated to reveal their causes and routes of transmission. They have the common features such as 1) the induction by viruses (Spanish flu;avian influenza virus (AIV), SARS and MERS-CoV;coronavirus), 2) the outbreak during the maximal sunspot number, 3) the aeolian desert dust region (Spanish flu;Saharan, SARS;Asian, MERS-CoV;Arabian), and 4) similar incubation period (AIV;5, SARS;2 - 7, MERS-CoV;5 days), 5) different transmission reservoir (Spanish flu;aquatic bird/swine, SARS;bat, MERS-CoV;bat/dromedary camel). When carbon dioxide (CO2) combustion emissions were simultaneously high at the maximal sunspot number, UV radiation in the Poles was so extensive to mutate the aquatic virus through the food web to be the fundamental reason for these pandemic. Guangdong Province and Hong Kong in China are the source of 2002-2003 SARS. The stranded dead whales and dolphins along the coast of the Persian Gulf might be fed on by coastal animals in the Arabian Desert to transmit MERS-CoV. Mutations in the hot temperature in the Arabian Desert and Persian Gulf, and the maximal sunspot numbers were observed in Saudi Arabia. Saudi crude burn in power plants since 2009 with coincidental outbreaks of MERS-CoV in Saudi Arabia since 2012 peaking in 2014. The reduction of CO2 emissions by nuclear power plants is a unique solution to decrease MERS-CoV outbreaks.

Reception of Translated Classics of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Spanish-speaking World:A Survey of Seven Spanish Versions of Huangdi Neijing(The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic)

Previous studies on translations of Huangdi Neijing(The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic)have focused on English versions;little attention has been given to non-English translations.The present study is the first investigation of the reception of the seven Spanish versions of Huangdi Neijing in terms of three parameters:collection records in libraries worldwide;book reviews and citation counts in international journals;and customer reviews on Amazon.The results revealed four features of Spanish translations and communication of Huangdi Neijing in terms of reception of academia,reception of general readers,the center of translation and communication,and the role of Chinese scholars.These factors demonstrate the marginal status of Spanish translations of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)classics.The implications are summarized in hopes of promoting the translation and communication of TCM classics in the Spanish-speaking world and to provide insights into the communication of TCM culture in the non-English-speaking world.

The Dramatistic Action of Language in Thomas Kyd＇s The Spanish Tragedy

Kenneth Burke＇s rhetoric on language as a symbolic action offers an enlightening perspective for revealing the connection between the motivations and actions of the characters in Thomas Kyd＇s The Spanish Tragedy. This work is a Renaissance drama that features hues of rhetorical language. Linguistic obfuscation, scapegoat mechanism, and the malfunction and dysfunction of language in victimization and revenge are thrown into relief through Burke＇s elaborate system of the symbolism of language. Analyzing the discursive performances of the main characters, readers could get clues of their motives that drive their actions, which are both a representation and an illustration of how language as a symbolic action works in literature

Exiled Chemists of the Spanish Civil War＇s Footprint in Mexico

The focus of this article will be centered on five Spanish chemists who were refugees in Mexico after the Civil War and provided a strong drive in developing Mexican chemistry. Their names are： Antonio Madinaveitia Tabuyo, Jos6 Giral Pereira, Modesto Bargall6 Ard6vol, Francisco Giral Gonz^ilez, and Jos6 Ignacio Bolivar Goyanes. This article starts with the panorama of science in Europe （mainly Spain） and in Mexico from the end of the 19th Century to the beginning of the 20th century. It is also included the development of chemistry in Germany in the 19th century. The paper includes a short out line of these scientists＇ work in Europe, as well as focusing on their contributions to the development of Chemistry in Mexico, in the areas of Organic, Inorganic, Physical and Pharmacy. A conclusion is the importance of their contribution to Mexican chemistry through two institutions： the National University and the National Polytechnic Institute.

Does Time Studying of Spanish Make Learners More Cognizant of Their Learning Styles？ Evidence From Novice and Senior L2 Spanish Learners

This study explored the perceptual learning style preferences in L2 （second language） Spanish. A group of first-semester and fifth-semester university students participated. The aim was to verify whether time studying of Spanish would strengthen learning preferences making senior students more cognizant of their preferred styles. Senior students were, therefore, more expected to self-report major （i.e., strong） style preferences than novice students. The participants completed a style questionnaire and named preferred in-class language activities. Results showed that the novice rather than the senior students, self-reported strong style preferences. The senior students consistently reported minor preferences and named activities that favored peer collaboration over perceptual styles. It is likely that after several semesters of learning Spanish, senior students were less certain as to whether language learning relies on strong style preferences. Instead, they probably learned to acknowledge the benefits of a flexible disposition, integrating several minor style preferences for a successful learning of Spanish.

Conversing in Spanish at a Seniors Center： A Brief Experience of Community-Based and Foreign-Language Learning

This pilot study explored the linguistic gains of intermediate level Spanish learners who completed community-based learning at a Spanish-speaking seniors center. Leamers had the opportunity, rare in foreign-language instruction, to discuss topics from their textbook in authentic native/non-native dyads. The interactions also allowed the seniors to fulfill an identified community needed by socializing in Spanish. Analyses of a post-service survey revealed that learners assessed the experience positively, because they spoke Spanish creatively. Seniors were described as cooperative and fun interlocutors, suggesting that age difference minimally affected the interactions. Direct observation revealed that learners managed to produce L2 Spanish output in connected speech for an extended period of time. Likewise, the seniors enjoyed a moment of socialization and first language use while sharing their views on the topics of discussion with the young visitors. Seniors＇ active participation likely encouraged learners to cope with sudden switches of topics that required negotiating for meaning and pushing the still limited interlanguages. A new service leaming study proposes to investigate the use of native/non-native dyads in Spanish in fulfilling a dual function： socialization and first language maintenance for the seniors at the center and language learning for the students.

A Comparative Study of Differences between Oedipus the King and The Spanish Tragedy

In Poetics, Aristotle always quotes Oedipus Rex as a paragon to define what might be a perfect Tragedy. It is a model play to illustrate Aristotle's rules for an ideal Tragedy. Compared with it, the Spanish Tragedy indeed conceals some differences that can be traced in the process of complication in accordance with Aristotle's criteria. The paper tries to analyze some dissimilarities be?tween the two tragedies and find out some reasons accounting for the discrepancy.