Brain Functional Network Based on Small-Worldness and Minimum Spanning Tree for Depression Analysis

Since the outbreak and spread of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19),the prevalence of mental disorders,such as depression,has continued to increase.To explore the abnormal changes of brain functional connections in patients with depression,this paper proposes a depression analysis method based on brain function network(BFN).To avoid the volume conductor effect,BFN was constructed based on phase lag index(PLI).Then the indicators closely related to depression were selected from weighted BFN based on small-worldness(SW)characteristics and binarization BFN based on the minimum spanning tree(MST).Differences analysis between groups and correlation analysis between these indicators and diagnostic indicators were performed in turn.The resting state electroencephalogram(EEG)data of 24 patients with depression and 29 healthy controls(HC)was used to verify our proposed method.The results showed that compared with HC,the information processing of BFN in patients with depression decreased,and BFN showed a trend of randomization.

基于对span的预判断和多轮分类的实体关系抽取

针对自然语言处理领域中的实体识别和关系抽取任务,提出一种对词元序列(Token Sequence,又称span)进行预测的模型Smrc。模型整体上利用BERT预训练模型作为编码器,另外包含实体预判断(Pej)、实体多轮分类(Emr)和关系多轮分类(Rmr)3个模块。Smrc模型通过Pej模块的初步判断及Emr模块的多轮实体分类来进行实体识别,再利用Rmr模块的多轮关系分类来判断实体对间的关系,进而完成关系抽取任务。在CoNLL04、SciERC和ADE 3个实验数据集上,Smrc模型的实体识别F1值分别达到89.67%,70.62%和89.56%,关系抽取F1值分别达到73.11%,51.03%和79.89%,相较之前在3个数据集上的最佳模型Spert,Smrc模型凭借实体预判断和实体及关系多轮分类,在2个子任务上其F1值分别提高了0.73%,0.29%,0.61%及1.64%,0.19%,1.05%,表明了该模型的有效性及其优势。

基于最小Spanning树的中继节点部署算法

在能量受限的无线传感器网络(WSNs)中,部署中继节点成为确保通信覆盖的常用方法。提出基于最小Spanning树的中继节点部署算法(MST-DRN)。MST-DRN算法引用基于无线充电的能量模型。再依据节点的能量采集率计算边权值。依据边权值的图模型构建最小Spanning树(MST)。检测MST中不满足生存条件的非支叶节点,在节点附近部署中继节点,维持网络连通。实验数据表明:提出的MST-DRN算法在确保网络连通时,减少了成本(中继节点数),并提高了数据包传递率。

A Review of the Key Points in the Design of Small-Radius Curved Ramp Bridges

This article explores the fundamentals of small-radius curved ramp bridges.It covers the selection of box girder spans,support methods,and forms,along with design optimization techniques for this type of bridge structure.The purpose of this paper is to provide robust support for enhancing the design quality of these bridges and ensuring their efficacy in real-world applications.

Experimental Study on Free Spanning Submarine Pipeline Under Dynamic Excitation

Seismic load has a significant effect on the response of a free spanning submarine pipeline when the pipeline is constructed in a seismically active region. The model experiment is performed on an underwater shaking table to simulate the response of submarine pipelines under dynamic input. In consideration of the effects of the terrestrial and submarine pipeline, water depth, support condition, distance from seabed, empty and full pipeline, and span on dynamic response, 120 groups of experiments are conducted. Affecting factors are analyzed and conclusions are drawn for reference. For the control of dynamic response, the span of a submarine pipeline is by far more important than the other factors. Meanwhile, the rosponse difference between a submarine pipeline under sine excitation and that under random excitation exists in experiments.

Effect of Internal Flow on Vortex-Induced Vibration of Submarine Free Spanning Pipelines

At present, most researches on the vortex-induced vibration of submarine free spanning pipelines ignore the effect of internal flowing fluid; furthermore, there are no research reports considering the coupling effect of internal and external fluid with the free span. In this paper, combining Iwan's wake oscillator model with the differential equation derived for the dynamic response of submarine free spanning pipelines with inclusion of internal flow, the pipe-fluid coupling equations are developed to investigate the effect of internal flow on the vortex-induced vibration of the free spans. The finite element approximation is implemented to derive the matrix equations of equilibrium. The Newmark method combined with simple iteration is used to solve the system of equations. The results indicate that the internal fluid flow may cause the shift of resonance band to the lower frequency and a slight decrease in the peak value; the effect will be more pronounced with the increase of the span length and can be weakened in the presence of the axial tension.

Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics of Submarine Free Spanning Pipelines by Complex Damping Method

Considering the effect of the internal flowing fluid and the external marine environmental condition, the differential equation for the vortex induced vibration (VIV) of the free spanning pipeline is derived and is discretized by the Hermit interpolation function. The free vibration equation with the damping term is solved by the complex damping method for the natural frequency, and then the effect of fluid damping on the natural frequency of the free spanning pipeline is analyzed. The results show that fluid damping has a significant influence on the damped natural frequency of the free spanning pipeline in the lock in state, while it has little influence when the pipeline is out of the lock in state. In the meantime, the change of the free span length has the same effect on the damped natural frequency and the undamped natural frequency.

Study on Model Tests and Hydrodynamic Force Models for Free Spanning Submarine Pipelines Subjected to Earthquakes

A test rig is built to model the dynamic response of submarine pipelines with an underwater shaking table in the State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, China. Model tests are carried out to consider the effects of exciting wave directions and types. Based on the experimental results, two hydrodynamic force models derived from Morisen equation and Wake model are presented respectively. By use of hydrodynamic force models suitable for free spanning submarine pipelines under earthquakes, diseretized equations of motion are obtained and finite element models are established to analyze dynamic response of free spanning submarine pipeline subjected to multi-support seismic excitations. The comparison of numerical results with experimental results shows that the improved Morison and Wake hydrodynamic force models could satisfactorily predict dynamic response on the free spanning submarine pipelines subjected to earthquakes.

An Explicit Integer Programming Model of the Minimal Spanning Tree Problem for Digraphs with Asymmetric Weights

As far as the minimal spanning tree problem for the digraph with asymmetric weightsis concerned, an explicit integer programming model is proposed, which could be solved successfullyusing the integer programming packages such as LINDO, and furthermore this model is extendedinto the stochastic version, that is, the minimal spanning tree problem for the digraph with theweights is not constant but random variables. Several algorithms are also developed to solve themodels. Finally, a numerical demonstration is given.

Spanning tree-based algorithm for hydraulic simulation of large-scale water supply networks

With the purpose of making calculation more efficient in practical hydraulic simulations, an improved algorithm was proposed and was applied in the practical water distribution field. This methodology was developed by expanding the traditional loop-equation theory through utilization of the advantages of the graph theory in efficiency. The utilization of the spanning tree technique from graph theory makes the proposed algorithm efficient in calculation and simple to use for computer coding. The algorithms for topological generation and practical implementations are presented in detail in this paper. Through the application to a practical urban system, the consumption of the CPU time and computation memory were decreased while the accuracy was greatly enhanced compared with the present existing methods.

Table Operation Method for Optimal Spanning Tree Problem

As far as the weight digraph is considered, based on the table instead of the weightdigraph, an optimal spanning tree method called the Table Operations Method (TOM) is proposed.And the optimality is proved and a numerical example is demonstrated.

A Table Based Algorithm for MinimumDirected Spanning Trees

As far as the weighted digraph is considered, an optimal directed spanning tree algorithm called table based algorithm (TBA) is proposed in the paper based on the table instead of the weighted digraph. The optimality is proved, and a numerical example is demonstrated.

Organogels, hydrogels and bigels as transdermal delivery systems for diltiazem hydrochloride

In the present study,gel formulations of organogels,hydrogels,and oleo-hydrogel(bigels)were evaluated as transdermal drug delivery systems for diltiazem HCL(DH).Organogels were prepared using soya-bean oil(SO)as a solvent and span 60(Sp 60),cetyl alcohol(CA)or lecithinpluronic(PLO)as organogelators without and with different surfactants(2%w/w)namely span 80(Sp80),tween 20(T20)and tween 80(T80).On the other hand,hydrogels were formulated using Hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose(HPMC)polymer and bigels were prepared by mixing organogels with HPMC hydrogels.The prepared gels were analyzed microscopically,thermally by DTA and for pH,and viscosity.The effect of gelator used,surfactant types and pH of the sink on DH release from cellophane membrane was investigated.In addition,the DH permeability across the rabbit skin was evaluated.Finally,the in vivo performance of various gel formulationswas assessed based on the hypotensive effects of the drug using hypertensive albino male rat models.The microscopical analysis indicated that the solid fibers formed by gelator particles form the backbone of the organogels while bigels appeared as emulsion like.The addition of surfactants showed an increase in organogel viscosity.The thermal analysis of organogels indicated that the drug present in amorphous not in crystalline form.The release studies indicated that DH release from organogels,hydrogels and bigels could be controlled.The included surfactants decreased the DH release and permeation from organogels compared to those without surfactants using either Sp60 or CA.HPMC hydrogel and Bigels showed higher DH release and permeation rates when compared to organogels.The percent DH released in different pH values was in the following descending order:pH5.5>pH1.2>pH6.8>pH7.4.The in vivo antihypertensive activity of DH using different transdermal gels is arranged as following:hydrogels>PLO organogel>bigel>Sp 60 organogel.

MINIMUM CONGESTION SPANNING TREES IN BIPARTITE AND RANDOM GRAPHS

The first problem considered in this article reads： is it possible to find upper estimates for the spanning tree congestion in bipartite graphs, which are better than those for general graphs？ It is proved that there exists a bipartite version of the known graph with spanning tree congestion of order n3/2, where n is the number of vertices. The second problem is to estimate spanning tree congestion of random graphs. It is proved that the standard model of random graphs cannot be used to find graphs whose spanning tree congestion has order greater than n3/2.

The minimal spanning tree method for calculating seismic multi-fractal

There are many methods to calculate seismic fractal at present. However, there are still more or less questions to every method. In this paper, we introduce a new way to calculate seismic fractal-the minimal spanning tree. We make an important improvement for this method. By studying some seismic events of four regions including Wushi, Wusu, Tangshan and Haicheng, we obtain that before the strong earthquake occurrence, the multi-fractal spectrum of the space-time distribution of earthquakes changes from centralized to loose. The result shows that the complexity of fractal structure and the inhomogeneity of the space-time distribution of earthquakes are both increasing. By studying the numerical simulation of point sets, we draw the conclusion that the physical essence of multi-fractal spectrums before and after a strong earthquake occurrence is a changing process from homogeneous to inhomogeneous, from simple to complex.

Condition Identification Based on Vibration Measurements for Free Spanning Submarine Pipelines

Free spanning pipelines are suspended between two points on an uneven seaffoor. The variations of structural conditions, such as the changes in soil property, flow velocity, axial force and span length etc., directly affect working performance of the whole submarine pipeline system. But until now few researches have focused on condition identification for free span （CIFS）. A method to identify the operational conditions of free spanning submarine pipelines based on vibration measurements is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the ill-posedness of CIFS is analyzed in detail. Secondly, the framework for CIFS based on the nonlinear kernel discriminant analysis （KDA） is established. Thirdly, the internal structural characteristics of natural frequencies, normalized frequencies and frequency change ratios are studied. And then the condition feature vector for CIFS is extracted by use of the vibration measurements. Finally, the validity of the proposed approach is evaluated by a case study. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach can effectively identify each condition of free span when condition variation occurs even if under measurement noise. It is concluded that the proposed method is a promising tool for CIFS in real applications.

Study on Pure IL VIV of A Free Spanning Pipeline Under General Boundary Conditions

Pipeline spans may occur due to natural seabed irregularities or local scour of bed sediment. The pure in-line（IL）vortex-induced vibrations（VIV） analysis of the free spans is an important subject for design of pipeline in uneven seabed. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of pure IL VIV of a free spanning pipeline under general boundary conditions. An IL wake oscillator model which can describe the coupling of pipeline structure and fluctuating drag is introduced and employed. The coupled partial differential equations of structure and wake are transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations using two-mode Galerkin method. Some case studies are presented and thoroughly discussed in order to investigate the effects of internal fluid, axial force and boundary conditions on the pure IL VIV.

High-resolution Remote Sensing Image Segmentation Using Minimum Spanning Tree Tessellation and RHMRF-FCM Algorithm

It is proposed a high resolution remote sensing image segmentation method which combines static minimum spanning tree(MST)tessellation considering shape information and the RHMRF-FCM algorithm.It solves the problems in the traditional pixel-based HMRF-FCM algorithm in which poor noise resistance and low precision segmentation in a complex boundary exist.By using the MST model and shape information,the object boundary and geometrical noise can be expressed and reduced respectively.Firstly,the static MST tessellation is employed for dividing the image domain into some sub-regions corresponding to the components of homogeneous regions needed to be segmented.Secondly,based on the tessellation results,the RHMRF model is built,and regulation terms considering the KL information and the information entropy are introduced into the FCM objective function.Finally,the partial differential method and Lagrange function are employed to calculate the parameters of the fuzzy objective function for obtaining the global optimal segmentation results.To verify the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm,the experiments are carried out with WorldView-3(WV-3)high resolution image.The results from proposed method with different parameters and comparing methods(multi-resolution method and watershed segmentation method in eCognition software)are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively.

AEESPAN: Automata Based Energy Efficient Spanning Tree for Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), sensor nodes are developed densely. They have limit processing ca-pability and low power resources. Thus, energy is one of most important constraints in these networks. In some applications of sensor networks, sensor nodes sense data from the environment periodically and trans-mit these data to sink node. In order to decrease energy consumption and so, increase network’s lifetime, volume of transmitted data should be decreased. A solution, which is suggested, is aggregation. In aggrega-tion mechanisms, the nodes aggregate received data and send aggregated result instead of raw data to sink, so, the volume of the transmitted data is decreased. Aggregation algorithms should construct aggregation tree and transmit data to sink based on this tree. In this paper, we propose an automaton based algorithm to con-struct aggregation tree by using energy and distance parameters. Automaton is a decision-making machine that is able-to-learn. Since network’s topology is dynamic, algorithm should construct aggregation tree peri-odically. In order to aware nodes of topology and so, select optimal path, routing packets must be flooded in entire network that led to high energy consumption. By using automaton machine which is in interaction with environment, we solve this problem based on automat learning. By using this strategy, aggregation tree is reconstructed locally, that result in decreasing energy consumption. Simulation results show that the pro-posed algorithm has better performance in terms of energy efficiency which increase the network lifetime and support better coverage.

Maximizing Convergence Speed for Second Order Consensus in Leaderless Multi-Agent Systems

The paper deals with the consensus problem in a leaderless network of agents that have to reach a common velocity while forming a uniformly spaced string.Moreover,the final common velocity(reference velocity)is determined by the agents in a distributed and leaderless way.Then,the consensus protocol parameters are optimized for networks characterized by a communication topology described by a class of directed graphs having a directed spanning tree,in order to maximize the convergence rate and avoid oscillations.The advantages of the optimized consensus protocol are enlightened by some simulation results and comparison with a protocol proposed in the related literature.The presented protocol can be applied to coordinate agents such as mobile robots,automated guided vehicles(AGVs)and autonomous vehicles that have to move with the same velocity and a common inter-space gap.