Impact of Operating Conditions on the Productivity of Star-Rated Hotels in China's Mainland: Verification from Spatial Metrology

Room occupancy rate is a key indicator of star-rated hotel management quality. This paper takes Cobb-Douglas production function as the theoretical framework. Spatial Moran index of autocorrelation, Spatial Lag Model(SLM) and Spatial Error Model(SEM) are used to analyze the star-rated hotels labor productivity of 31 provincial regions in China's Mainland based on the star-rated hotels statistical data of year 2016. The spatial correlation and spatial difference of the star-rated hotels labor productivity is discussed. This paper studies the impact of three factors on spatial characteristics of star-rated hotels labor productivity in China's Mainland. The econometric estimation results show that:(1) Star-rated hotels labor productivity present significant spatial dependence and spatial difference in China's Mainland.(2) The estimation results of Ordinary least Squares(OLS) are reliable.(3) The reliability of the results obtained by the Spatial Error Model(SEM) analysis is the highest, and has a stronger explanatory power to the spatial relationship of star-rated hotels labor productivity in China's Mainland. The average room occupancy rate has more influence on the labor productivity of the provincial star-rated hotels than the impact of capital and labor.

Protection of Innovative Achievements,Spatial Spillover,and Internal Structural Upgrading of the Productive Service Industry-Empirical Evidence from 28 Provinces in China

This study measured the level of innovation achievement protection and the degree of internal structural upgrading of the productive service industry in 28 provinces of China from 2000 to 2022.Exploratory spatial analysis methods were used to test the spatial correlation between the two variables,and the spatial impact of innovation achievement protection on the optimization of the internal structure of the productive service industry was examined at the national and sectoral levels.The results showed three main aspects of this system.(1)The agglomeration level of innovation achievement protection and internal structure optimization of the productive service industry between regions in China continued to increase during the sample period,and there was a clear similarity and synchronicity in the spatial evolution of the two variables.(2)The overall improvement in the protection level of innovative achievements is conducive to promoting the internal structural upgrading of China’s productive service industry.However,there are significant differences in the degree to which the protection of innovative achievements affects the internal structural upgrading of the productive service industry in the four major regions of the East,Central,Northeast,and West.The protection of innovative achievements in the East and Central regions significantly promotes the internal structural optimization of the productive service industry,while this effect is not significant in the western and northeastern regions.(3)The results of the robustness test indicate that the impact of internal structural upgrading of the productive service industry in the previous year on the level of innovation achievement protection is not significant.The interference from abnormal values of the internal structural upgrading of the productive service industry in various regions and the influence of municipalities directly under the central government on the regression results are not significant.After replacing the main variable,the coefficient of the innovation achievement protection level remained significantly positive.The conclusions of this study supplement and improve the theory of innovation achievement protection and industrial transformation and upgrading,providing decision-making support for improving the level of innovation achievement protection and promoting the internal structural upgrading of the productive service industries in China.

中国典型城市群碳排放的影响机制研究——以长三角城市群为例

Urban agglomeration plays a vital role in fostering high-quality and sustainable development in China,where urbanization rates signifi-cantly influence both urban and rural environments,generating different economic and socio-spatial impacts that,in turn,influence carbon emissions in cities.To delve into the influencing mechanisms of carbon emissions,this paper examines the spatio-temporal pattern of carbon emissions across 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration in China.It utilizes data on economic,social,and spatial factors from 2012 to 2019 and employs a spatial econometric regression model for analysis.The results indicate that carbon emissions of cities in the urban agglomeration exhibited strong spatial correlation from 2012 to 2019,characterized by relatively stable cold and hot spots,along with continuous outward spread of high-value zones.Economic and social factors demonstrate a significant positive spatial correlation with carbon emissions of a city,with weak spatial spillover effects.Spatial factors exhibit correlations with carbon emissions in both the city and neighboring cities,with strong spatial spillover effects.Moreover,the spatial layout and functional division of cities in the urban agglomeration also significantly impact the spatio-temporal pattern of carbon emissions.

中国沿海乡村多功能演变及其自然和社会经济影响因素

Rural decline has become a global problem.To address this issue,the division of rural functions and identification of driving factors are important means of rural revitalization.Taking the town area as a unit,this study conducts a division and evolution analysis of rural regional functions in Jiangsu province in coastal China by constructing an evaluation system using the spatial econometric model to diagnose endogenous and exogenous driving factors of rural multifunction formation.The results show that the functions of agricultural supply and ecological conservation have decreased,while the functions of economic development and social security have increased.Agricultural production functions are concentrated in northern and central Jiangsu.The economic development function is mainly based on industrial development,and is the strongest in southern Jiangsu.Social security functions are concentrated in suburban area,county centers,and key towns.High-value areas of ecological conservation are concentrated along lakes,the coast,and hilly areas of southern Jiangsu.The multifunctional development of villages and towns is affected by endogenous and exogenous factors,including economic geographic location,natural resources,economic foundation,human capital,traffic conditions,market demand,infrastructure,and environmental governance.Natural factors have a significant impact on the supply of agricultural products and the formation of ecological conservation functions.The effects of socioeconomic factors on these four functions differ significantly.This study expands the theory of rural development functions,the classification and zoning paradigm,and the quantitative study of driving mechanisms.The results provide a reference for practical value and policy significance for the reconstruction of rural functions and rural revitalization.

Village-level multidimensional poverty measurement in China: Where and how

Village is an important implementation unit of national poverty alleviation and development strategies of rural China, and identifying the poverty degree, poverty type and poverty contributing factors of each poverty-stricken village is the precondition and guarantee of taking targeted measures in poverty alleviation strategies of China. To respond it, we construct a village-level multidimensional poverty measuring model, and use indicator contribution degree indices and linear regression method to explore poverty factors, while adopting Least Square Error(LSE) model and spatial econometric analysis model to identify the villages' poverty types and poverty difference. The case study shows that:(1) Spatially, there is obvious territoriality in the distribution of poverty-stricken villages, and the poverty-stricken villages are concentrated in contiguous poverty-stricken areas. The areas with the highest VPI, in a descending order, are Gansu, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Hunan, Qinghai, Sichuan, and Xinjiang.(2) The main factors contributing to the poverty of poverty-stricken villages in rural China include road construction, terrain type, frequency of natural disasters, per capita net income, labor force ratio, and cultural quality of labor force. The main causes of poverty include underdeveloped road construction conditions, frequent natural disasters, low level of income, and labor conditions.(3) Chinese poverty-stricken villages include six main subtypes, and most poverty-stricken villages are affected by multiple poverty-forming factors, reflected by a relatively high proportion of the three-factor dominant type, four-factor coordinative type, and five-factor combinative type.(4) There exist significant poverty differences in terms of geographical location and policy support, and the governments still need to carry out targeted poverty alleviation measures according to local conditions. The research can not only draw a macro overall poverty-reduction outline of impoverished villages in China, but also depict the specific poverty characteristics of each village, helping the government departments of pov-erty alleviation at all levels to mobilize all kinds of anti-poverty resources.