Spatiotemporal Differentiation of Urban Spatial Form and Carbon Emissions in Poyang Lake City Group

In response to the inherent requirements of low-carbon land spatial planning in Jiangxi Province and the lack of existing research,this paper explored the mechanism of spatial form elements of Poyang Lake urban agglomeration on urban carbon emissions.Based on generalized linear regression and geographically weighted regression models,this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of carbon emissions,the spatiotemporal relationship between urban form index and carbon emissions,and the spatial differentiation of the intensity of dominant factors from 63 county-level administrative units in the Poyang Lake city group from 2005 to 2020.The results showed that:①The carbon emissions of urban agglomerations around Poyang Lake are generally increasing,and the spatial distribution of carbon emissions is characterized by high-value concentration in the middle and low-value agglomeration in pieces;②The main driving factor for the spatial heterogeneity of carbon emissions was the expansion of built-up area;③Improving urban compactness and optimizing urban form could effectively reduce urban carbon emissions.The results showcased the correlation between urban spatial landscape pattern and the spatiotemporal distribution of carbon emissions,which could make the low-carbon land spatial planning in the Poyang Lake city group more reasonable and practical.

Urban Spatial Form Optimization Strategies Based on the Principle of Climate Adaptability of Regional Architecture: A Case Study of Traditional Cave Dwelling Villages in Northern Shaanxi Province

A multitude of climate-adaptive design approaches are embedded in regional architecture,which have a positive impact on addressing the deformed development of urban spatial patterns and the dual challenges of climate and resources.This paper examines the principles of climate adaptability embedded in the site layout and spatial organization characteristics of traditional cave dwelling villages in northern Shaanxi Province.The extracted climate adaptability principles are summarized,and the resulting design strategies that are well-suited to the contemporary urban space form are presented.Through analysis,it can be observed that traditional cave dwelling villages in northern Shaanxi are predominantly situated on south-facing slopes in proximity to water at low altitudes.These villages are characterized by compact building groups and east-west development,which is constrained by the elements of mountains and rivers.A two-level street system is generated,comprising streets parallel to the contour line and roadways perpendicular to the contour line.This results in the formation of a courtyard form enclosed by mountains.Such site layout and spatial organization exhibit excellent climate adaptability with regard to heat,ventilation,and wind storage.In light of the aforementioned considerations,the following urban spatial form design strategies are put forth:①the topographic height difference can be exploited to obtain sufficient sunshine;②the group shape can be optimized in order to reduce building energy consumption;③the best orientation of the building can be chosen to take account of both winter and summer conditions;④the height and length can be combined in order to form natural masking;⑤the D/H ratio of streets and roadways should be controlled to achieve a balance between heat gain and cooling of groups;⑥vents should be set appropriately to optimize group ventilation;⑦climate buffers should be established to increase the level of climate response.

Interpretation of the Spatial Form of Chengdu Plain's Traditional Towns from the Vernacular Perspective

In recent years,with the rapid development of urbanization in our country,academic circles have paid more attentions to and made fruitful achievements on the research of vernacular settlement. On this basis,this paper took Chengdu Plain's traditional town spatial morphology as the research object to interpret its spatial form through its composition elements and characteristics which are influenced by nature,history,culture and other factors. And then,it took Jiezi ancient town as an example to analyze the renewal of its spatial form so as to inherit the vernacular culture and promote the conservation of cultural heritage and sustainable development of traditional town in the course of constructing urban cities with Chinese characteristics.

Dissolving Temporal Sequence： Spatial Form in James Joyce＇s Ulysses （＂Nausicaa＂ Episode）

In his 1945 study of Djuna Barne＇s Nightwood, Joseph Frank analyzes a crucial technique of modernist literature, the substitution of spatial relationships for temporal progression as a formal metaphor of thematic development. Starting with Gustave Flaubert and recognizing his efforts to duplicate the simultaneity of action possible in drama and later in film, Frank comments that since language proceeds in time, it is possible to approach this simultaneity of perception only by breaking up temporal sequence. While Flaubert introduces this method, it does not become a dominant form until James Joyce＇s Ulysses. According to Frank, spatialization of form in this novel provides an alternative to the chronological development normal to verbal structures, which can be read only in a linear fashion through time, unlike painting and the plastic arts, which can be visually apprehended instantaneously. Applied to Ulysses as a whole by Joseph Frank, the conception of spatial form might as well serve as a convenient point of departure for the analysis on much smaller, let＇s say, ＂episodic＂ scale. In ＂Nausicaa＂ episode, Joyce dissolves temporal sequence by cutting back and forth between the various levels of action in a slowly-rising crescendo to achieve the unified impact, the sense of simultaneous activity occurring in different places. For the duration of the episode the time-flow of the narrative is halted： various levels of action are juxtaposed independently of the progress of the narrative. Joyce, in this fragmentation of narrative structure, proceeded on the assumption that a unified spatial apprehension of not only separate episodes but his entire work would ultimately be possible.

Fractal Evolution of the Spatial Form of the Town and Water System in Southern Jiangsu Province:A Case Study of Suzhou City

Southern Jiangsu Province has a dense water network.Under the guidance of the new concept of harmonious development between humans and nature proposed at the 19 th CPC National Congress,it is of great significance to build a good spatial relationship between the town and its water system.Using the grid method,this paper calculates the fractal dimension of construction land and water space of 20 towns in Suzhou City since 1995,finding that the fractal dimension of town construction land rises rapidly,whereas that of water space drops slowly on a high dimension.In addition,the spatial form of town construction land and water space form are characterized by planar aggregation and sporadic growth respectively.The paper discusses the evolutionary characteristics of the fractal correlation of construction land and water space in towns with low-,medium-,and high-density water networks,as well as the represented spatial form relations and the underlying relationship between humans and nature.It concludes with an ecological restoration strategy of the two-way interaction between construction land and water space in different types of towns,which may provide a reference for the ecological progress of towns in southern Jiangsu Province.

A research into the large-scaled spatial forms of cities based on urban design

In the process of unprecedented urbanization in contemporary China, a great many of Chinese cities have witnessed a rapid expansion of urban scale to different degrees. With the continuous compilation, amendment and enforcement of urban planning, the functional structure, spatial environment, street patterns and textures and even the social aspect of cities have changed conspicuously, all of which have directly happened to the spatial forms of the dimension, or even the multi-dimension of a certain city. By describing and analyzing the structure, evolution and explicit tokens of the spatial forms of cities, this thesis attempts to set up a model of factors that affect urban forms, as well as discuss the attributes, protection, adjustment and development-potential of urban land closely associated with forms. In addition, on the basis of the professional features for urban design to participate in the modeling and construction-management of desirable spatial forms of cities, the author has put forward technical measures for quantitatively appraising and analyzing the large-scaled spatial forms of cities, thus offering technical support to municipal governments and management departments of planned construction.

Temporal-spatial distribution and ore-forming material source of gold,copper and silver polymetallic ore deposits in the Fuping mantle structure zone

This study was conducted following research on metallogenesis in the Zhangjiajie-Xuanhua and East Hebei mantle branch structure zones. The Fuping mantle branch structure zone is one where Au, Cu and Ag poly-metallic ore resources are concentrated in North Hebei. However, there has existed a long-standing controversy on the temporal-spatial distribution of ore resources and their ore-forming material sources. In terms of age dating and the comprehensive analysis of S, Pb, O, C and Si isotopes, it is considered that the temporal-spatial distribution of ore resources in this mantle branch structure zone is obviously controlled by the Fuping mantle branch structure. In space there is developed such a metallogenic pattern as to be Ag, Pb and Zn polymetallic ore deposits with gold appearing inside and copper appearing outside. Metallogenesis is dated mainly at Yanshanian, the ore-forming materials were derived predominantly from the deep interior of the Earth, and ore-forming fluids were derived largely from Yanshanian magmatism.

地铁入口空间布局对室内空气质量的影响研究

城市地铁地处繁华地区,结构封闭,周边环境污染源较多,室内易积累污染物。本研究重点关注地铁口空间布局对室外颗粒物进入的影响,在调研中选取地铁站入口方向、顶棚形态、入口高宽比3个形态指标作为影响因子,经过实测验证CFD模型的可行性后,选择RNG k-ε模型模拟不同风速下各地铁口形态的室内污染情况。结果表明:(1)侧向比正向入口颗粒拦截率高一倍;(2)入口高宽比小于1∶1时入口宽度越大,地铁站整体空气质量越好;(3)顶棚形态对室内颗粒物的消减排列为:斜顶>平顶>无顶;(4)地铁口空间形态对不同直径的颗粒拦截效果不同。形态设计可以改善站内颗粒物进入情况,通过空气对流、回流减少室外污染物的直接灌入。

论空间转向:关于空间形式、空间批评与地理批评的概述

空间形式几乎是所有时代和所有文化共有的文学经验与文学阐释的重要方面。空间首先是一个物理的观念,极早成为欧几里得几何学的基本内容。欧洲物理学、哲学、形而上学关于空间及其属性的争论持续了2000多年。空间、地理空间、社会空间、空间形式、空间批评、空间转向是一组相互关联的人文观念。1945年约瑟夫·弗兰克提出了现代文学中的空间形式。空间批评发生于1950-1980年代,巴什拉尔、勒菲弗尔、福柯、詹明信、曼德尔、哈维等从人文地理学、马克思主义、文化批评理论等角度越来越多地关注了空间理论。“空间转向”发生于1990年前后。21世纪初期,其革新的学者范式及其方法迅速从人文地理学扩展/散播到哲学、文学、艺术研究诸领域。

新质生产力空间形态刍论

新质生产力的空间形态是影响“因地制宜发展新质生产力”的重要理论问题。围绕这一问题,从新质生产力与中国式现代化的关系出发,对新质生产力的空间形态进行了探索,“新质生产力首先必然是国家生产力”的观点得以提出并对其论述,并指出区域层面的新质生产力发展必须服从于这一观点,才能在新质生产力时代赢得新的发展机遇;在此基础上,提出了兼顾新质生产力引领发展、统筹发展和重塑格局的综合功能,兼顾新质生产力的国家属性、人类属性和未来属性等对策建议。

宗族结构影响下晋东南传统聚落空间形态及发展演变--以西社村为例

平顺县西社村作为晋东南地区典型的宗族血缘型村落,其形态受宗族结构影响,格局独特。文章从宗族结构的视角出发,借助族谱、碑刻等文字史料信息,结合田野调查与类型比较等方法,对宗族社会结构的变迁过程与聚落空间形态发展演变过程进行历时性分析,归纳宗族发展对空间形态演变的影响,结合宗族结构影响下聚落的两个空间特征,探究其空间形态及发展演变规律。

官控层级作用下海盐聚落体系演变研究——以明清两淮盐区为例

梳理明清海盐产区官控层级由“分司-盐场-团”向“分司-盐场-灶”发展过程中各层级职能的变化,建立与官控层级对应的“分司-场治-团”和“分司-场治-市镇-生产”的聚落发展体系。从时间纵向的角度,立足官控层级重心迁移,结合经济、自然、文化等因素的变化,解析海盐聚落体系整体格局的纵横发展,总结聚落体系层级格局分布的演变规律。立足官控层级职能变迁,结合明清海盐聚落体系空间构成要素的量化分析,对海盐聚落体系层级空间形态的演变规律进行总结。研究现代东部沿海聚落体系的由来和发展过程,并为后续古代海盐手工业聚落体系的全面构建奠定基础。

露天矿顺倾软岩边坡内排追踪压帮治理工程——以贺斯格乌拉南露天煤矿首采区南帮为例

软岩露天煤矿实现安全高效开采的重点是边坡稳定。为解决露天矿顺倾软岩边坡稳定性治理难题,在分析边坡稳定性主控因素的基础上,提出了露天矿顺倾软岩边坡内排追踪压帮治理工程。以贺斯格乌拉南露天煤矿首采区南帮为工程背景,兼顾采场与内排土场边坡稳定性,采用极限平衡法和数值模拟相结合的手段,设计了采场边坡的空间形态,提出了采场与内排土场边坡协同治理方案,可最大限度地安全回收边坡压覆煤炭资源。研究结果表明:弱层暴露长度是露天矿顺倾软岩边坡稳定性的主控因素,控制采场与内排土场间的追踪距离是改善边坡稳定性的有效途径;随着追踪距离的增加,边坡破坏模式从以圆弧为侧界面、弱层为底界面的切层-顺层-剪出滑动逐渐过渡为以圆弧为侧界面、弱层为底界面的切层-顺层滑动,边坡稳定性逐渐下降;内排土场及其与采场构成的复合边坡稳定性随破坏底板弱层回填岩石范围的增大呈指数函数规律提高;贺斯格乌拉南露天煤矿首采区南帮浅部边坡留设40 m运输平盘、15 m保安平盘,底帮深部边坡角29°,追踪距离控制在50 m之内时可满足安全要求;内排土场基底弱层完全破坏并回填岩石倾向长度60 m时可满足安全要求。研究成果为软岩露天煤矿边坡稳定性治理提供了新思路。

成都人民公园空间的层积分析及变迁动因研究

成都人民公园是中国重要的近现代城市公园遗产之一,是见证城市发展与公共需求变化的重要城市历史公园,具有不可忽视的城市历史景观遗产价值。采用历史层积分析对成都人民公园发展脉络进行梳理,将其空间历史变迁分为普通游园初创、传统公园转型、现代公园建设、现代公园完善和公园城市营造5个时期,整理各时期形态与功能变迁,探寻其变迁的内在动力。将公园的层积关系分为反复、重建、共存和成长4种主要模式,探索公园建设的层积变化:基于自然条件,综合历史事件、治园观念、文化活动和人群变化等因素,公园空间形态由封闭、单一和无序转向开放、多元和有序,承担职能从功能杂乱的小游园转化为集休闲、文化、健身和爱国教育为一体的综合性园林。分析成都人民公园空间的历史变迁动因与机制,能够为中国近现代城市公园遗产保护与发展补充实证,为当代城市公园文脉与底蕴的探寻提供参考。

基于人群动态视觉关注度的城市滨水界面形态评价与分析模型构建——以南京青奥片区为例

【目的】滨水城市空间因独特的地理区位优势及形态特征,成为彰显城市特色风貌、品质及美好人居环境的重要空间载体之一。滨水界面是滨水空间塑造的重要核心对象,尤其在存量更新背景下,贴近人群视觉关注方式的动态视觉评价有助于从公众视觉需求角度厘清公众对滨水空间及滨水界面的品质诉求。【方法】以南京河西滨江青奥片区为例,借助倾斜摄影测量、实景数据影像采集、城市滨水界面形态分析、眼动仪生理眼动指标监测等技术方法,建构“关注度-界面”的关联机制,厘清不同运动方式下游览者的视觉关注特征与滨水界面形态各项指标的相关性与影响程度。【结果】发现滨水空间游览者的视觉关注度受建筑占空度、界面层次数量、轮廓起伏频率与轮廓起伏频度的正向影响;在不同运动方式下“关注度-界面”的指标关联情况各异。【结论】完成对城市滨水界面形态与人群动态视觉关注度关联机制的建构,可强化城市滨水界面对人群的有序引导,并为相关空间布局和规划决策提供有力支撑。

京杭大运河沿线主要城市空间形态的综合测度研究

京杭大运河作为连接中国南北地区之间的经济、文化发展与交流的走廊,历来对促进沿河城市兴起与繁荣发挥着关键作用。研究选取京杭大运河沿线8个主要城市的空间形态进行对比研究,利用空间句法对城市空间网络进行解构,并分析各个城市内部结构的不同之处;运用城市分形维数和紧凑度指数对不同城市进行计算,对城市空间外部形态特征进行分析;并将这些城市分为城市空间形态简单、城市空间形态较复杂和城市空间形态复杂三大类。最后根据分析结果提出针对性的城市发展建议,以期为大运河沿线城市以及此类其他沿河城市的空间形态发展提供参考。

基于空间句法与GIS的传统村落空间形态研究——以捞车村为例

以湖南省湘西地区少数民族传统村落捞车村作为研究对象,对其进行村落空间形态研究,旨在为该村落的景观元素、传统建筑及其他内部空间要素的保护与利用提供有价值的参考。在对捞车村进行实地调研的基础上,运用空间句法与Arc GIS空间分析技术相结合的方法,从全局整合度、可理解度、平均最近邻分析及核密度等角度对研究区进行定量与定性分析。研究结果表明:(1)捞车村空间整体形态属于聚集型,村落空间呈现“一带多点”的布局特征。(2)捞车村的全局整合度不高,可达性一般,空间内部渗透能力不足,但是该村落仍有较少区域整合度较高。(3)该村落的可理解度数值较低,导致使用人群对村落空间信息感知能力变差。最后,根据分析结果提出了优化村落内部路网系统、加强村落空间生态环境系统保护与传统建筑的保护与改造的相关空间优化措施。

基于城市职能的明清金州古城景观格局之发展演变研究

金州古城地处辽东边陲,其城市平面和功能布局既受到军事防御功能的影响,又体现出儒家礼制的特征。古城空间格局在明代已初具规模,又经清代的建设与发展,形成了较为成熟的城市功能和完善的道路体系。将历经时代变迁的金州古城三维城市肌理变化以二维方式来进行体现,通过对明清两代古城空间结构与营建特点的介绍,直观感受城市空间与职能的发展和演变,进而对金州古城空间形态、功能区域以及城市职能转变的推动力进行了解析,并阐释了城市发展的动因。

宗族结构影响下少数民族传统村落空间形态演变研究——以高桥寨自然村为例

文章以西南少数民族地区的高桥寨自然村为例,采用田野调查法和历时性比较法,将村庄的演变历史依据重要的历史时间节点分为五个时期:分衍、兴盛、异化、瓦解和重构。分别从时代背景、宗族结构和空间形态三个方向进行分析,以探究村庄演变的逻辑规律和影响因素,以及宗族结构与空间形态之间的相互影响关系,挖掘该类型自然村目前的发展困境,提出现代化村庄内生秩序架构和区域联动发展的策略。