Comparison of Uniform and Kernel Gaussian Weight Matrix in Generalized Spatial Panel Data Model

Panel data combine cross-section data and time series data. If the cross-section is locations, there is a need to check the correlation among locations. ρ and λ are parameters in generalized spatial model to cover effect of correlation between locations. Value of ρ or λ will influence the goodness of fit model, so it is important to make parameter estimation. The effect of another location is covered by making contiguity matrix until it gets spatial weighted matrix (W). There are some types of W—uniform W, binary W, kernel Gaussian W and some W from real case of economics condition or transportation condition from locations. This study is aimed to compare uniform W and kernel Gaussian W in spatial panel data model using RMSE value. The result of analysis showed that uniform weight had RMSE value less than kernel Gaussian model. Uniform W had stabil value for all the combinations.

Effect of FDI on China's environmental pollution: Evidence based on spatial panel data

It is clearly stated in the 19th people's congress that we should make the environmental protection as our national policy. Therefore, it is of great importance to study this issue. This article is going to consider 30 provinces of China as the cross-section, and utilize the data sample from 2006 to 2015 of these cross-sections to formulate a Spatial Panel Data Durbin Model to analyze the effect of FDI. By using these data, this article creates a comprehensive environmental pollution index with the help of entropy. The result indicates that the effect of FDI on environment has a non-linear and spatial spillover characteristic. Before reaching the critical value, FDI has a negative effect on environment; however, with the accumulation of FDI, it will create a significant positive effect on the environment.

Spatial spillover effects of official development assistance on environmental pressure in sub-Saharan African(SSA)countries

Impoverished sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)is under increasing environmental pressure from global environmental changes.It is now generally accepted in academic circles that economic development in SSA countries can cause environmental pressure in other countries.However,there is research gap on the impact of economic assistance on environmental pressure in SSA countries and whether economic assistance causes spatial spillovers of environ-mental pressure between SSA countries.To better understand the impact of economic assistance on environmental pressures in SSA,a dynamic spatial Dubin panel model was developed.It helped us explore the spatial spillover effects of economic assistance on environmental pressures in recipient countries based on the panel data from 34 SSA countries.The results show that economic assistance had a positive stimulating effect on environmen-tal pressures of recipient countries,which means that the degree of human disturbance to the environment has deepened.Due to the regional correlation effect,neighboring countries were saddled with environmental pres-sures from the target country.Moreover,environmental pressures have time inertia,which can easily produce a snowball effect.The decomposition of effects shows that the impact of economic assistance on environmental pressures is relatively minor.Environmental pressures have spillover effects,so to deal with diffuse risks,joint regional prevention and control policies should be developed.

Employment effect of China's environmental regulation: Evidence based on spatial panel data

This article considers 30 provinces of China as the cross-section subjects, and utilizes the data sample from 2009 to 2015 of these cross-sections to formulate a Spatial Panel Data Durbin Model to analyze the effect of environmental regulation on employment. The result indicates that environmental regulation has negative effect on employment with the consideration of spatial spillover effect, and this adverse effect is not significant mathematically. With the enhance of environmental regulation, the negative impact on employment will decrease accordingly, even may eventually promote job growth, which means there may be a non-linear relationship between them. Specifically, the direct effect of environmental regulation on employment indicates that it is beneficial for job growth whereas the indirect effect illustrate that it is detrimental for employment.

Panel data models with cross-sectional dependence: a selective review

In this review, we highlight some recent methodological and theoretical develop- ments in estimation and testing of large panel data models with cross-sectional dependence. The paper begins with a discussion of issues of cross-sectional dependence, and introduces the concepts of weak and strong cross-sectional dependence. Then, the main attention is primarily paid to spatial and factor approaches for modeling cross-sectional dependence for both linear and nonlinear （nonparametric and semiparametric） panel data models. Finally, we conclude with some speculations on future research directions.

中国文化和旅游融合发展效率时空动态演化及其驱动机制

提高文旅融合发展效率是关乎效率变革和质量变革背景下文化和旅游深度融合及高质量发展的重要科学问题,有效把握其动态演化特征及驱动机制对推动区域文化产业与旅游产业转型升级和提质增效及其深度融合高质量发展具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。文章构建文化和旅游融合发展效率分析框架,运用耦合协调模型、基于松弛变量的超效率测度模型、空间马尔科夫链和面板空间杜宾模型等方法,剖析中国2011—2019年文化和旅游融合发展效率的时空动态特征及其驱动机制。研究发现:1)中国文化和旅游融合发展效率在9年间仅提升3.4%,距离最佳生产前沿面还存在至少17.3%的潜力空间,4大区域呈东部>中部>西部>东北格局,并且仅天津、上海、广东与云南4个省份常年达到最佳生产前沿面,其他省份还存在至少6.7%~33.9%的潜力空间;2)中国文化和旅游融合发展效率大致呈现“东南沿海高值集聚,西北内陆低值集聚”空间格局,存在显著的路径依赖与马太效应现象,短期内难以实现跨越式增长,但当与高效率的省份为邻时,本地省份文化和旅游融合发展效率向上转移概率有所提升;3)产业结构与交通水平是提高本地省份文化和旅游融合发展效率的主要因素,但对邻近省份产生了负向溢出效应,科技创新、消费需求和政府调控促进了邻近省份文化与旅游融合发展效率,但对本地省份的推动作用尚不显著,服务队伍抑制了本地省份文化与旅游融合发展效率,但对邻近省份的溢出效应并不显著。

区域旅游产业集聚对旅游经济韧性的影响及其空间效应研究——以长江经济带为例

科学洞悉区域旅游集聚对旅游经济韧性的影响及其空间效应,对提升区域旅游经济韧性和实现旅游经济高质量发展意义重大。文章构建区域旅游产业集聚影响旅游经济韧性的机理框架,以长江经济带11省市为案例地,采用区位熵和熵值法得到长江经济带旅游产业集聚度和旅游经济韧性水平,借助面板空间杜宾模型揭示出区域旅游产业集聚对旅游经济韧性的影响及其空间效应。结果表明:(1)研究期内,长江经济带旅游经济韧性水平整体呈上升趋势,且东部地区大于中西部地区,但存在明显的省际差异。长江经济带东部地区旅游经济韧性水平大于中西部,而中西部地区的旅游经济韧性水平增长率大于东部。(2)长江经济带省市旅游产业集聚水平整体上升,受旅游业在当地经济中的地位影响,呈现出西部高于中部,高于东部的格局。(3)区域旅游产业集聚对旅游经济韧性产生明显的正向空间效应,即区域旅游产业集聚不仅可以提升本省旅游经济韧性水平,并且可以产生显著的空间溢出效应来提升省周边区域的旅游经济韧性水平。

知识产权国内贸易对“双循环”有效联动的影响效应

基于知识产权国内贸易、“双循环”有效联动的时空演化特征分析发现,二者发展变化具有显著的内在逻辑一致性。理论分析认为,知识产权国内贸易可以通过加快高水平自主创新、激发高品质消费需求等,对“双循环”有效联动产生显著的促进作用。进一步利用2001—2020年中国省级面板数据开展的计量检验结果表明,第一,知识产权国内贸易对“双循环”有效联动具有积极促进作用;第二,由于知识产权国内贸易、“双循环”有效联动水平存在显著的空间溢出效应,因此,知识产权国内贸易对“双循环”有效联动的促进作用不仅发生在本地区,而且对相邻地区的“双循环”有效联动也有积极促进效应;第三,知识产权国内贸易对“双循环”有效联动的促进作用,因各地区对外开放程度、人力资本水平、城镇化水平、消费水平和知识产权保护水平的差异而存在一定的“门槛特征”。上述研究不仅有助于深化认识知识产权国内贸易对“双循环”有效联动的现实影响和作用机制,而且对于如何通过加强知识产权国内贸易推动“双循环”互促互进也有重要的政策意义。

Brent vs.West Texas Intermediate in the US petro derivatives price formation

In this paper,we apply the spatial panel model to explore the relationship between the dynamic of two types of crude oil prices(WTI and Brent crude oil)and their refined products over time.Considering the turbulent months of 2011,when Cushing Oklahoma had reached capacity and the crude oil export ban removal in 2015 as breakpoints,we apply this method both in the full sample and the three resultant regimes.First,results suggest our results show that both WTI and Brent display very similar behaviour with the refined products.Second,when attending to each regime,results derived from the first and third regimes are quite similar to the full sample results.Therefore,during the second regime,Brent crude oil became the benchmark in the petrol market,and it influenced the distillate products.Furthermore,our model can let us determine the price-setters and price-followers in the price formation mechanism through refined products.These results possess important considerations to policymakers and the market participants and the price formation.

对外直接投资对中国区域经济韧性影响研究

对外直接投资(OFDI)是影响中国区域经济韧性的重要因素。基于2005—2019年省级面板数据,运用非空间面板模型、空间面板模型和中介效应模型实证分析了OFDI对中国区域经济韧性的影响及作用机制。研究表明:OFDI总体上促进了中国区域经济韧性的提升,该结论在一系列稳健性检验后依然成立;OFDI对邻近地区经济韧性的提升具有溢出效应。中介机制检验发现,OFDI能通过人力资本和技术创新机制间接提升中国区域经济韧性。空间异质性分析表明,OFDI促进东部地区和中西部地区经济韧性的提升,且对东部地区经济韧性的推动作用高于中西部地区;时间异质性分析表明,金融危机抵抗期OFDI对中国区域经济韧性的提升具有抑制作用,而在金融危机恢复期和转型期具有促进作用。

铁路网络联系对城市土地绿色利用效率的影响研究——以长三角地区为例

研究目的:探究铁路网络联系对城市土地绿色利用效率的影响及空间溢出效应,为依托铁路交通发展促进土地绿色利用效率提升提供科学依据。研究方法:超效率SBM模型,社会网络分析方法,空间面板模型。研究结果:(1)长三角城市铁路联系强度和土地绿色利用效率均呈现显著的增长趋势,土地绿色利用效率存在着较为明显的区域差异。(2)铁路联系强度的提高促进了本城市土地绿色利用效率的提升,与综合铁路联系相比,高铁联系对本城市土地绿色利用效率的提升作用更加明显。(3)铁路联系的加强促进了本城市产业结构合理化水平的提升和创新产出的增长,进而对土地绿色利用效率产生影响。高铁联系在促进本城市产业结构合理化水平提升和创新产出增长方面的作用更加明显。(4)城市对外铁路联系强度的提高产生了负向的空间溢出效应,抑制了邻近城市土地绿色利用效率的提升。研究结论:应充分发挥铁路建设在优化产业结构、促进创新方面的作用,依托铁路网络加强区域内经济技术合作、发挥各城市比较优势,以推动区域土地绿色利用效率的整体性提升。

Unveiling the impact and mechanism of digital technology on agricultural economic resilience

Enhancing the economic resilience of agriculture is essential for promoting sustainable and high-quality agricultural development.The emergence of digital technology has created new opportunities in this field.However,existing research predominantly focuses on traditional agricultural factors and technologies.Therefore,the impact of digital technology on agricultural economic resilience within the broader context of the“production-operation-industry”system in agriculture has not been comprehensively explored.To bridge this gap,this study analyzes panel data from 30 Chinese provinces from 2011 to 2020.It employs the static Van Dorn’s law and a dynamic spatial panel model to examine how digital technology empowers agricultural resilience.The findings indicate a continuous strengthening of digital technology development in China,albeit with significant polarization and spatial imbalances.Moreover,the resilience of the agricultural economy undergoes notable fluctuations,initially narrowing and subsequently displaying an upward trend.Digital technology clearly plays a pivotal role in empowering resilience through agricultural scale operation,industrial transformation,and technological progress.Its impact,particularly on the promotion of resilience in the eastern region and non-grain-producing areas and on high-level agricultural economies,also shows regional and technological variations.

绿水青山就是金山银山:生态环境对旅游经济影响的空间计量检验

“绿水青山就是金山银山”揭示了生态环境和经济发展的关系,探究生态环境质量对旅游经济的影响效应,有利于二者比翼双飞与协调发展。以2004-2019年中国31个省(直辖市、自治区,不含港澳台地区)为研究对象,利用空间自相关和空间面板杜宾模型探究生态环境质量对旅游经济的影响效应。结果表明:(1)生态环境质量和旅游经济发展的空间集聚性显著,空间关联性不断增强。(2)生态环境质量不仅对本地区旅游经济发展具有明显的促进作用,对相邻地区也具有溢出效应与示范作用。(3)生态环境质量作为影响旅游经济发展的重要因素,但不能忽略接待设施、资源禀赋、劳动力投入、物质资本、经济发展水平等多维要素的综合作用。要综合考量这些要素,才能促进“绿水青山”向“金山银山”的转换,实现生态环境与旅游经济的协调、健康、高效发展。

新型城镇化的旅游业发展效应及非线性特征研究

在对旅游业综合指数和新型城镇化综合指数进行定量测度的基础上,文章利用2004—2019年中国内地省际面板数据,分别采用面板空间计量模型、面板分位数模型和门槛空间动态面板模型,对新型城镇化影响旅游业的空间效应及非线性门槛效应进行实证检验。结果发现:新型城镇化不仅对本地区旅游业具有促进效应,还对邻接地区存在积极的空间溢出效应;在旅游业发展水平由低到高的动态过程中,新型城镇化建设对旅游业发展的边际影响效应呈现显著递增的非线性特征;当考虑地区间新型城镇化建设水平差异时,旅游业发展策略存在显著的地区间非对称空间互动,即新型城镇化建设对旅游业发展的影响存在正向的非线性时空效应。

服务业产业多样化对城市经济韧性的影响——来自地级市夜间灯光数据的证据

本文利用夜间灯光栅格数据,测算了2008—2019年我国281个地级市的经济韧性,并研究了服务业产业多样化类型对城市经济韧性的影响。研究发现:服务业产业无关多样化程度越高的城市经济韧性相对越强,而相关多样化对城市经济韧性具有部分负向作用。多种检验表明上述结果稳健。不同城市规模和区域一体化程度的产业多样化与城市经济韧性关系具有一定区别,但总体上同质性大于异质性。利用中介效应检验进行作用机制分析后发现,服务业无关多样化可通过提高服务业就业水平和产出水平提高城市的经济韧性。因此,城市经济规划建设中应将提升经济韧性作为重要考虑因素,结合服务业产业多样化特征因地制宜,根据城市规模适度提高城市产业多样化。

扩容兼区划调整过程中城市群经济韧性引力演化及影响因素研究--以长三角城市群为例

为了分析城市群在扩容兼区划调整过程中经济韧性的格局演化及影响因素,以长三角城市群为研究对象,利用熵权法、引力模型和空间面部杜宾模型对其进行分析。结果表明:扩容过程实现了城市群经济韧性的整体提升,扩容中经历的巢湖区划调整有利于促进合肥都市圈的发展;长三角城市群经济韧性引力整体实现迅速地升级,超强引力范围不断扩大,高强度引力大部分分布在长三角城市群东部地区;长三角城市群经济韧性存在显著的正向溢出效应,医疗条件近期对城市群经济韧性的影响强度更大,而就业保障和物流规模目前则是阻碍了长三角城市群经济韧性的提升。

中国农业低碳转型及驱动因素:基于空间面板模型的实证检验

低碳化是农业高质量发展的本质要求,如何测算农业低碳转型绩效并探测其主要驱动因素,对于加快推动中国农业高质量发展具有重要的理论意义.有鉴于此,基于1999-2021年中国269个城市的平衡面板数据,采用Meta-frontier DEA方法测度农业低碳转型绩效(碳排放效率),并在此基础上构建空间面板模型探究促进农业低碳转型的驱动因素.结果表明:中国农业全局碳排放效率远低于当期和跨期碳排放效率,主要是因为各省内部和各省间的碳排放效率差异较大.分区域来看,农业碳排放效率呈现东部、中部、西部和东北递减的特征.基准回归及稳健性检验结果表明,扩大土地经营规模、促进经济增长、加大财政支农力度和提高森林覆盖率均能够显著促进农业碳排放效率提升,其中扩大土地经营规模是主要驱动因子,而城镇化和农业科技投入尚未对农业低碳转型发挥正向支撑作用.

劳动力成本驱动物流业发展研究

选取2004—2020年长三角城市群26市的面板数据,采用熵值法测算各城市物流发展水平并描述其演变规律,利用普通面板模型、面板向量自回归模型及门槛模型探究劳动力成本对物流发展水平的影响。结果表明:各城市物流发展水平整体上有所进步,具有明显的俱乐部趋同现象和惯性发展趋势。劳动力成本是物流发展水平的驱动因素,劳动力成本的正向影响存在阶段性,当劳动力成本和产业结构跨越门槛值时,其促进作用呈先弱后强的非线性特征。

教育支出的产出效应研究——基于空间Panel Data与菲德模型的数量分析

考虑到我国省际经济增长的空间溢出性和空间相关性,将空间Panel Data模型和菲德模型结合起来研究教育支出的产出效应,这种方法能在考虑空间相关性的基础上研究教育支出的部门溢出,从而对教育支出的产出效应得到更准确的估计。研究结果显示省际经济增长之间存在显著的空间相关性,而空间Panel Data模型的实证结果也表明,如果不考虑空间相关性会夸大教育支出的部门溢出。

基于空间面板数据模型的拱坝变形缺失数据处理

变形监测信息缺失会对拱坝安全性态的分析造成困难甚至引起误判,需要采用科学合理的方法对缺失数据进行处理,从而获取完整可靠的监测数据。传统的缺失值处理方法仅考虑了拱坝测点的局部空间关联性,而拱坝变形整体性较强,在进行缺失值插补时有必要考虑拱坝所有测点间的时空关联性。鉴于此,从拱坝的整体性和测点的空间相关性出发,首先引入空间权重矩阵,证明拱坝变形具有显著的空间正自相关性;在此基础上,基于空间面板数据模型提出一种考虑拱坝整体时空关联性的变形缺失数据处理方法;最后结合某拱坝工程实例,验证了所构建模型的有效性。工程实例表明:该方法插补残差值低于SL 601—2013《混凝土坝安全监测技术规范》所规定的误差限值,具有较高的插补精度,可对变形监测缺失数据进行有效处理。