Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of water resources in Guangdong Province based on a cloud model

With a focus on the difficulty of quantitatively describing the degree of nonuniformity of temporal and spatial distributions of water resources, quantitative research was carried out on the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of water resources in Guangdong Province from 1956 to 2000 based on a cloud model. The spatial variation of the temporal distribution characteristics and the temporal variation of the spatial distribution characteristics were both analyzed. In addition, the relationships between the numerical characteristics of the cloud model of temporal and spatial distributions of water resources and precipitation were also studied. The results show that, using a cloud model, it is possible to intuitively describe the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of water resources in cloud images. Water resources in Guangdong Province and their temporal and spatial distribution characteristics are differentiated by their geographic locations. Downstream and coastal areas have a larger amount of water resources with greater uniformity and stronger stability in terms of temporal distribution. Regions with more precipitation possess larger amounts of water resources, and years with more precipitation show greater nonuniformity in the spatial distribution of water resources. The correlation between the nonuniformity of the temporal distribution and local precipitation is small, and no correlation is found between the stability of the nonuniformity of the temporal and spatial distributions of water resources and precipitation. The amount of water resources in Guangdong Province shows an increasing trend from 1956 to 2000, the nonuniformity of the spatial distribution of water resources declines, and the stability of the nonuniformity of the spatial distribution of water resources is enhanced.

Spatial distribution of soil moisture,salinity and organic matter in Manas River watershed,Xinjiang,China

With the classical statistical and geostatistical methods, the study of the spatial distribution and its in- fluence factors of soil water, salinity and organic matter was carried out for 0-70 cm soil layers in Manas River watershed. The results showed that the soil moisture data from all soil layers exhibited a normal distribution, with average values of 14.08%-21.55%. Geostatistical analysis revealed that the content of soil moisture had a moder- ate spatial autocorrelation with the ratios of nugget/sill ranging from 0.500 to 0.718, which implies that the spatial pattern of soil moisture is influenced by the combined effects of structural factors and random factors. Remarkable spatial distributions with stripped and mottled features were found for soil moisture in all different soil layers. The landform and crop planting had a relatively big influence on the spatial distribution of soil moisture; total soil salinity was high in east but low in west, and non-salinized soil and lightly salinized soil appeared at the northwest and southwest of the study area. Under the effect of reservoir leakage, the heavily salinized soils are widely distributed in the middle of the study area. The areas of the non-salinized and lightly salinized soils decreased gradually with soil depth increment, which is contrary to the case for saline soils that reached a maximum of 245.67 km2 at the layer of 50-70 cm. The types of soil salinization in Manas River watershed were classified into four classes： the sulfate, chloride-sulfate, sulfate-chloride and chloride. The sulfate salinized soil is most widely distributed in the surface layer. The areas of chloride-sulfate, sulfate-chloride, and chloride salinized soils increased gradually along with the increment of soil depth; the variation range of the average values of soil organic matter content was be- tween 7.48%-11.33%. The ratios of nugget/sill reduced gradually from 0.698 to 0.299 with soil depth increment, which shows that the content of soil organic matter has a moderate spatial autocorrelation. The soil organic matter in all soil layers met normal distribution after logarithmic transformation. The spatial distribution patterns of soil or- ganic matter and soil moisture were similar; the areas with high organic matter contents were mainly distributed in the south of the study area, with the lowest contents in the middle.

Temporal-spatial distribution and variability of cadmium contamination in soils in Shenyang Zhangshi irrigation area,China

Heavy metal contamination in soils has been of wide concern in China in the last several decades. The heavy metal contamination was caused by sewage irrigation, mining and inappropriate utilization of various agrochemicals and pesticides and so on. The Shenyang Zhangshi irrigation area （SZIA） in China is a representative area of heavy metal contamination of soils resulting from sewage irrigation for about 30 years duration. This study investigated the spatial distribution and temporal variation of soil cadmium contamination in the SZIA. The soil samples were collected from the SZIA in 1990 and 2004; Cd of soils was analyzed and then the spatial distribution and temporal variation of Cd in soils was modelled using kriging methods. The kriging map showed that long-term sewage irrigation had caused serious Cd contamination in topsoil and subsoil. In 2004, the Cd mean concentrations were 1.698 and 0.741 mg/kg, and the maxima 10.150 and 7.567 mg/kg in topsoils （0-20 cm） and subsoils （20-40 cm） respectively. These values are markedly more than the Cd levels in the second grade soil standard in China. In 1990, the Cd means were 1.023 and 0.331 mg/kg, and the maxima 9.400 and 3.156 mg/kg, in topsoils and subsoils respectively. The soil area in 1990 with Cd more than 1.5 mg/kg was 2701 and 206.4 hnl2 in topsoils and subsoils respectively; and in 2004, it was 7592 and 1583 hm^2, respectively. Compared with that in 1990, the mean and maximum concentration of Cd, as well as the soil area with Cd more than 1.5 mg/kg had all increased in 2004, both in topsoils and subsoils.

Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Soil Organic Matter in the Mixed Plantations of Alder and Cypress in the Hilly Areas of Central Sichuan Basin

The investigation was conducted on the spatial and temporal distributions of soil organic mater （SOM） in the mixed plantations of alder （Aluns crernastogyne） and cypress （Cupressus funebris ） （MPAC）, which distributed in the hilly areas of central Sichuan Basin （HACSB）. The results show that： （1） the spatial distribution of SOM among different sites at the same age are not significant before 15-year-old, but significant at 20-year-old, and not significant again after 25-year-old; （2） the SOM contents in 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm layers increase sharply from 10- to 15-year-old, and decline gradually from 15- to 30- year-old; the SOM contents of the 30-year-old PCP were 80. 38% and 78.42% higher than that of the 10-year-old, but 29.16% and 53.37% lower than that of 15-year-old in the 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm layers, respectively. The decrease of SOM contents would lead to the degradation of soil fertility and the decline of forest productivity.

Assessing spatial and temporal variability in waterconsumption and the maintainability oasis maximumarea in an oasis region of Northwestern China

Water consumption is a key role in improving the efficiency and sustainability of water management in arid environments.In this study, we explored an approach based on meta-analysis, MODIS NDVI products, land-use spatial distribution, andsoil water physical parameters to gain insight into long-term and large scale distribution of land use and water consumption,maintain maximum Zhangye Oasis area according to Heihe River runoff, and suitable water resource management inZhangye Oasis. This approach was initiated in order to improve the efficiency of irrigation and water resource managementin arid regions. Results showed that Heihe River runoff can maintain a maximum Zhangye Oasis area of 22.49×104 hm2.During the 2000−2016 growing seasons, actual oasis water consumption ranged from 11.35×108 m3 to 13.73×108 m3, witha mean of (12.89 ± 0.60)×108 m3;if maintaining agricultural production and oasis stability was chosen, oasis water consumptionranged from 10.24×108 m3 to 12.37×108 m3, with a mean of (11.62 ± 0.53)×108 m3. From the perspective of waterresources management and ecosystem stability, it is necessary to reduce the area of Zhangye Oasis or choose the minimumwater consumption method to manage the oasis, to ease the pressure of water shortage and maintain stable and sustainabledevelopment of the Zhangye Oasis. These results can provide future practical guidance for water resource management ofcoordinated development of the economy and the environment in an arid area.

PRIMARY ANALYSIS ON GROUNDWATER,SOIL MOISTURE AND SALINITY IN FUKANG OASIS OF SOUTHERN JUNGGAR BASIN

Soil salinity is the most important factor affecting vegetation distribution,and the secondary salinization has affected the development of oasis agriculture.In arid areas the spatial variation of soil moisture and sa lt content is marked-ly affected by groundwater,irratio nal irrigation in artificial oasis.By analyzing the soil moisture,salt content and groundwa-ter table in different areas of old oasis,new oasis and desert in Fukang Oa sis,it is shown that topography and l and use are main factors affecting the change of groundwater table,the redistribution of soil moisture and salt cont ent.When undis-turbed by human,the groundwater tab le rises from mountain to belt of grou nd water spillage,the groundwater t able rises mightily in plain because of the artificial irrigation,and the secondary salinization of soil is very seriou s.In oasis the ground-water table raises compared with that in the natural desert at the same latitude.In old oasis of upper reaches o f river salt has not been concentrated too much in rhizosphere because this area is the belt of groundwater drainage,soil t exture is coarse,the groundwater table is very low,and the salt in soil is drained i nto the groundwater.The new oasis has been the areas of salt accumulation becau se of the artificial irrigation,the salt content in soil is higher than th at in old oasis,so some cultivated fields here had to be thrown out because of the serious s econdary salinization.

Temporal-spatial Change of Cr Content in Bottom Waters

Based on the investigation data of Jiaozhou Bay waters in 1981,current situation and horizontal distribution of Cr content in bottom waters of Jiaozhou Bay mouth were studied. Results showed that in bottom waters of Jiaozhou Bay center,Cr content changed from 0. 50 to3. 78 μg/L in April. In August,Cr content changed from 0. 14 to 1. 42 μg/L in bottom waters of Jiaozhou Bay mouth. It showed that Cr content corresponded with national class-one seawater quality standard(50. 00 μg/L) at different times and spaces,and Cr content was far less than5. 00 μg/L. Therefore,under the effect of vertical water body,water quality was clean in bottom waters of Jiaozhou Bay,which was not polluted by Cr. In bottom waters of Jiaozhou Bay center in April and bottom waters of Jiaozhou Bay mouth in August,Cr transported by the river came to the bottom layer from surface layer by passing through water body in temporal-spatial change process. Under the effects of gravity and water flow,Cr continuously and quickly sank to the sea bottom. It verified the sedimentation process of Cr content.

Spatial and temporal dynamics of microbial community composition and factors influencing the surface water and sediments of urban rivers

The temporal and spatial characteristics of urban river bacterial communities help us understand the feedback mechanism of bacteria to changes in the aquatic environment.The Fuhe River plays an important role in determining the water ecological environment of Baiyangdian Lake.16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to study the microbial distribution characteristics in the Fuhe River in different seasons.The results showed that some environmental factors of the surface water(ammonia nitrogen(NH_(3)^(-)N),total nitrogen(TN),and total phosphorus(TP))were different on the spatial and temporal scales.Moreover,there were no seasonal differences in the contents of TN,TP,total organic carbon(TOC),or heavy metals in the sediments.The distributions of Cyanobacteria,Actinomycetes and Firmicutes in the water and Actinomycetes and Planctomycetes in the sediments differed significantly among seasons(P<0.05).There were significant spatial differences in bacteria in the surface water,with the highest abundance of Proteobacteria recorded in the river along with the highest nutrient concentration,while the abundance of Bacteroidetes was higher in the upstream than the downstream.Microbial communities in the water weremost sensitive to temperature(T)and the TP concentration(P<0.01).Moreover,differences in the bacterial community were better explained by the content of heavy metals in the sediments than by the chemical characteristics.A PICRUStmetabolic inference analysis showed that the effect of high summer temperatures on the enzyme action led to an increase in the abundances of the metabolic-related genes of the river microorganisms.

南水北调中线冬季冰情变化特征及输水能力提升策略研究

南水北调中线工程冰期输水能力受限已成为制约工程安全运行和社会效益发挥的巨大障碍。认识和辨析通水以来中线干渠冬季水温冰情演变规律及影响机理,是中线干渠冬季输水能力提升亟需解决的关键问题。本文基于2011—2023年中线干渠连续12个冬季的气象、水力、冰情等原型观测资料,分析了中线干渠水温冰情时空分布本底和特征规律,明晰了影响中线干渠冰凌生消的关键因素,针对性提出了冬季输水能力提升的相关应对策略。分析表明:通水以来冰情发生的范围和时间相比理论预想偏小、偏短,冰凌影响区为七里河倒虹吸至北拒马河暗渠段,冰塞风险区为滹沱河倒虹吸至北拒马河暗渠段,多年平均冰厚15 cm,历史极端冰塞厚2.9 m,冰凌壅水最高值0.73 m;干渠冬季水温由南向北递减,依次出现岸冰、流冰和冰盖,日均气温转负后相应的断面平均测量水温在2.5、1.0和0.25℃左右,且沿程水温下降速率与流量和气温呈负相关,即增大输水流量可减缓水温下降速度;影响冰凌生消的关键因素是气温、流量、太阳辐射和风速,典型年如2016年的严重冰情与1月低累计负积温、大输水流量和短时寒潮叠加有关,漕河等渡槽失温快产冰量大与风速密切相关。基于上述分析,未来可考虑结合气象、水情、冰情实时监测和智能预警预报,建立水温-水量-水力协同调控和动态调度技术体系,重点从缩短冰期输水时长、降低冰情影响范围、优化关键控制指标和挖潜渠道防冰塞性能等多方面全面提升南水北调中线工程冬季输水能力。

江苏省冬小麦需水量时空变化特征及气候影响因素分析

为实现江苏省冬小麦科学灌溉、提高农业用水效率,明晰江苏省冬小麦需水量及气候影响因素的时空变化特征,为全省冬小麦灌溉管理及农业水资源高效利用提供科技支撑,基于江苏省共计12个地区2013-2022年冬小麦季相关气象资料,通过Penman-Montieth法计算近十年来江苏省冬小麦需水量,并利用Pearson相关分析法对近十年江苏省冬小麦需水量时空变化特征、需水特性以及气象影响因素进行了分析。近十年间江苏省年平均气温、日平均湿度、地表温度、降水量、蒸发量、平均日照时数均呈总体上升趋势,太阳总辐射量呈减小趋势。近十年来江苏省冬小麦本田期的需水量平均值为451.82~692.50 mm,年际变化范围在540.19~646.70 mm,不同年份间呈现减小的趋势,空间上则呈现由西北向东南递减的趋势。江苏省大部分地区冬小麦需水强度最小值出现在1月,5-6月抽穗期与灌浆期需水强度最大。江苏省冬小麦全生育期需水量与年均降雨量、日均湿度之间存在负相关关系,与年均水面蒸发量、年均日照时数、年平均气温间存在正相关关系,这其中以日均湿度、年均水面蒸发量、年均气温对冬小麦需水量的影响最为明显。并且,近十年冬小麦全生育期需水量的总体下降趋势可能是由于其与日均湿度明显更高的负相关性所导致。总之,近十年来江苏省冬小麦需水量逐年有下降趋势,且由西北向东南递减,此外全省日均湿度、年均水面蒸发量、年均气温是近年来冬小麦需水量变化的主要影响因素。

塔里木盆地及其周边地区大气可降水量分布及其与降水关系的研究

利用2018年7月至2022年6月塔里木盆地及其周边地区17部地基GPS水汽探测仪遥感的大气可降水量(PWV)资料、 14个地面气象站逐时和逐日降水资料,分析了塔里木盆地西部(区域A)和东部(区域B)PWV分布特征及其与降水关系。结果表明:(1)研究区年平均PWV高值区主要集中于盆地北部和盆地西南部平原地区,海拔超过1300 m站点的PWV年平均值与海拔成反比,低于1300 m的低海拔地区PWV年平均值在10~12 mm。夏季测站PWV平均值是春、秋季节的2倍。(2)区域A和区域B PWV月变化呈单峰型分布,分别在8月和7月达到峰值。区域A有、无降水日PWV均在23:00(北京时,下同)达到日峰值。区域B有、无降水日PWV日峰值出现时间相差5 h,分别出现在11:00和17:00。(3)区域A和区域B多数测站ΔPWV(PWV与PWV月平均值差值)峰值分别在降水开始前0~1 h和降水开始时刻前后1 h出现。春季区域B降水前PWV跃变程度较区域A更剧烈,夏季各区域σPWV(PWV与PWV月平均值倍数)提前降水开始时刻1 h、 5~6 h达到1~1.8倍的天气过程较其余时次偏多。秋季和冬季区域BσPWV分别集中在1.4~2.0倍和1.6~2.4倍。(4)海拔高于1400 m测站的5-6月、 7-8月PWV值达到10~20 mm和15~25 mm,对应降水结束时刻。海拔低于1400 m测站5-8月降水结束时刻PWV值逐渐由15~25 mm增至25~35 mm。

城市化背景下合肥暴雨时空演变和水汽输送特征

[目的]研究城市化背景下合肥暴雨事件的演变、水汽输送来源,可以为当地暴雨预报和制定适应性防灾减灾政策提供科学依据。[方法]利用趋势分析、Mann-Kendall非平稳性检验、GIS空间插值等多种方法探究合肥暴雨事件的时空分布,在此基础上基于拉格朗日方法的后向轨迹HYSPLIT模式对暴雨水汽输送特征进行分析。[结果](1)合肥城市热岛强度呈上升趋势(0.266℃/10 a),不透水面持续增多,增幅达4.99%。城—郊暴雨月分布呈单峰型,大尺度年际变化具有不对称性,城市暴雨雨量和暴雨日数增多,暴雨强度减少,减少趋势1.7 mm/(10 a·d);郊区暴雨雨量和日数减少,暴雨强度增多,线性趋势1.1 mm/(10 a·d)。暴雨强度大值区空间分布从城区向郊区扩展。暴雨事件均发生由少到多的突变。(2)城市化对下风向区暴雨事件存在增加效应,暴雨雨量和日数分别增多26.84 mm/10 a和0.11 d/10 a,且快速发展阶段的城市化效应比缓慢阶段更显著,城市化影响对暴雨雨量、暴雨日数的正贡献度分别为41.2%和50.1%。(3)暴雨异常偏多年份,来自印度洋、孟加拉湾—中国南海和西太平洋的水汽输送贡献分别占总水汽的44%,64%和54%,且源自西南方向的水汽气团初始高度较低、比湿大,是暴雨过程的主要水汽来源。[结论]合肥城郊暴雨事件年际变化的不对性在城市化快速发展阶段更显著,未来应加强对城市化快速发展阶段暴雨事件变化机理的研究。

1958—2017年江西省水稻需水量与有效降雨量耦合关系分析

基于江西省15个气象站点1958—2017年逐日气象数据,利用Penman-Monteith方法、Mann-Kendall趋势检验、气候倾向率和ArGIS空间插值分析等方法,分析了早稻和晚稻生育期内有效降雨量(P_(e))、需水量(ET_(c))及需水量与有效降雨量耦合度(λ)时空分布特征。结果表明:江西省早稻和晚稻生育期内平均有效降雨量分别为186.69和119.26 mm,早稻和晚稻有效降雨量分别以1.00和1.31 mm/10a的平均速度增加,赣北有效降雨量及其上升趋势均大于赣南;早稻和晚稻生育期多年平均需水量分别为335.77和381.20 mm,早稻和晚稻需水量最大值均出现在赣州、吉安站附近区域,最小值均出现在庐山、修水站附近区域,早稻需水量和晚稻需水量变化趋势分别为-3.09和-7.95 mm/10a;早稻和晚稻需水量与有效降雨量耦合度多年平均值分别为0.57和0.33,早稻和晚稻耦合度均以0.01/10a呈不显著增加趋势。早稻和晚稻耦合度最大值均出现在庐山站,早稻和晚稻耦合度较小值均在赣州、吉安、南昌和波阳站,总体上,早、晚稻耦合度及耦合度倾向率均为赣北大于赣南,赣南地区水稻缺水情况比赣北更严重,尤其要关注赣南地区晚稻缺水情况,并做好水资源规划及制定灌溉措施。

Temporal–spatial distribution and diastereoisomer pattern of hexabromocyclododecane in the vicinity of a chemical plant

Hexabromocyclododecane(HBCD) is an effective brominated flame-retardant additive, which is mainly produced in the coastal area of China. This study collected soil samples from a HBCD production plant and its surrounding area in Weifang, Shandong Province, China, and analyzed the temporal–spatial distribution of HBCD and its diastereoisomers in soil. The analysis results showed that the concentration of HBCD in soil near the plant was much higher than normal values, with an annual average concentration reaching 5405 ng/g. Soils 1,2 and 4 km away from the plant were also analyzed, showing that the concentration of HBCD in soil decreased accordingly with the distance from the pollution sources. In order to investigate the effect of the season on HBCD content, the soil samples were collected in all four seasons of the year 2017–2018. According to variations in the wind direction, the concentration of HBCD in soil was also changed. The distribution trend showed that the concentration of HBCD in soil in the downwind direction of the prevailing wind was higher than that in the upwind direction. In addition, this work analyzed the distribution of HBCD in vertical soil sections. It was found that the concentration of HBCD decreased with depth in the soil vertical profile. Finally, the various diastereoisomer patterns in the soil compartments were examined, finding that α-HBCD and γ-HBCD were the predominant diastereoisomers in the soil of the study area.

盐城市河道水质时空分布特征分析

为了解盐城市2022年河道水质时空分布特征,本文整理了122条骨干河道的水质监测数据,采用水质标识指数、多元统计分析、GIS空间分析相结合的方法研究其时空特征及驱动因子。结果表明,2022年综合水质标识指数(WQI)优于(含)Ⅲ类水的占比为95.5%,高锰酸盐指数、总磷为主要污染因子,以点源和面源污染为主的断面占比分别为21.9%和36.8%。WQI具有较为显著的空间聚集特征。水质受农田灌溉、畜牧养殖、地表径流污染影响较为明显。建议监控上游来水、控制农业面源污染和着重关注东台、射阳、建湖的水环境治理。

海河流域水土流失空间分布特征及防治对策

基于2020年海河流域水土流失动态监测成果,计算县级行政区土壤侵蚀严重指数,分析流域水土流失面积及分布特征等,提出水土流失综合防治对策。流域水土流失面积占土地总面积的20.84%,占山区土地面积的34.21%;土壤侵蚀严重的县级行政区有5个,较严重的有63个;水土流失分布主要集中在永定河上游黄土丘陵区、太行山土石山区、冀北燕山石质山区和燕山北部坝上风沙区等区域。水土流失发生重点地类以旱地、有林地、其他草地、灌木林地和天然牧草地为主,呈现面积不大但相对集中、危害大的特点;生产活动频繁导致水土流失仍然严重,土壤侵蚀强度不高,但治理难度大。当前,水土流失依然是海河流域主要生态问题之一,水土流失防治应结合区域水土流失特点科学布局,系统配置各类措施,推进流域水土流失治理高质量发展。

Temporal-spatial dynamics of distribution patterns of microorganism relating to biological soil crusts in the Gurbantunggut Desert

生物土壤外壳用作贡献沙固定的一个重要生物因素。这研究被进行在关于地点的外壳中调查微生物的时间空间的可变性，沙沙丘和季节的土壤层。在苔藓主导的内部沙丘的区域，更高的土壤营养素和水集中是可能的维持微生物引起的活动。细菌显示出解决和生长的最高的能力在在春天和秋天内部沙丘。土壤水内容在内部沙丘的区域在土壤外壳中到达了最高的价值，特别在春天。放线菌和真菌的数量的变化基本上在沙沙丘的不同地点显示出一致趋势。与加深土壤层，因为环境因素在春天和秋天波动，每个微生物组的数量的垂直分发显示出不同特征。在不同微生物组之中，细菌是占优势的，在在所有的春天和秋天的放线菌下一个和真菌最少玷污层(020 厘米) 。细菌和土壤水内容的比例比在在所有土壤层(020 厘米) 的秋天的那些在春天是更高的。没有一致趋势在放线菌和真菌被发现。结果证明微生物的数量是显著地积极的与有机物内容相关，土壤水满意的、全部的 N，全部的 P，可得到的 P，可得到的 K， pH，电的传导性，全部的盐内容，过氧化氢酶， urease，磷酸酶和碱的磷酸酶。

The temporal and spatial distribution of ancient rice in China and its implications

The relics of ancient rice have been regarded as the most important objective evidence of the origina- tion and spread of rice cultivation.Based on the records of 280 rice relics sites and the rice cropping regionalization as well as the distribution map of paddy soils,the current study compiled the temporal and spatial distribution map of ancient rice distribution in China.The map shows that the distribution of ancient rice is spatially extensive and meantime comparatively concentrated,temporarily covering a long and relatively continuous time-span.The rice relics in the Central China double and single rice cropping regions are among the earliest and the most abundant ones,possessing continuity in time sequence.Combined with the discovery of ancient rice and paddy filed relics,soil micromorphology, pollen combination and element geochemistry,it is suggested that Central China was the origin center of rice cultivation in China.Rice had been spread to the rest part of China in three major waves,also to the East Asian part like Korea and Japan.The temporal and spatial distribution of ancient rice reflects the past environmental change,which is also meaningful to the current rice regionalization and plan- ning as well as food security in China.

长江泰州段引排水量时空分布特征分析

长江引排水是泰州市水资源的重要来源,本文选取长江泰州段的17个主要口门,统计了1959—2022年的引排水量并进行了对比分析。结果表明,受经济社会发展和水利基础设施建设的影响,引排水量年际变化较大,总体上呈现逐渐增大的趋势,但近年来呈现波动趋势;受区域降水、季节性农灌用水和长江潮位等因素影响,沿江口门引排水量年内分配不均;高港水利枢纽的建成对区域水资源的分配影响较大。研究成果可为长江大保护、优化口门调度方案、区域水资源开发利用及计划用水等管理工作提供数据参考。

再生水受纳湖泊中邻苯二甲酸酯的生态风险时空分布及管控建议

本研究以再生水受纳湖泊J湖为研究对象,基于多介质归趋模型对湖泊水相和沉积相中邻苯二甲酸酯(phthalic acid esters,PAEs)进行不同时空生态风险评估。结果显示,水相和沉积相中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(dimethyl phthalate,DMP)和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(diethyl phthalate,DEP)的危险商(hazard quotient,HQ)均小于0.1,对湖泊水生生物的风险水平为无风险;湖泊中的邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutyl phthalate,DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯(di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,DEHP)生态风险表现出显著的空间异质性,水相中,DBP低风险区占42.7%,DEHP中风险、低风险区分别占93.5%、5.6%;在沉积相中,DBP中风险、低风险区分别占0.5%、69.2%,DEHP中风险、低风险区分别占0.9%、68.3%。不同季节中,湖泊水相DEP、DBP和DEHP的生态风险差异较大,沉积物中PAEs的生态风险随季节变化与水相相似。最后,建议降低再生水中DBP和DEHP的浓度并从源头管控降低DEHP的生产和使用,可以有效降低受纳湖泊中DBP和DEHP的风险水平。