Under strong earthquakes, long-span spatial latticed structures may collapse due to dynamic instability or strength failure. The elasto-plastic dynamic behaviors of three spatial latticed structures, including two dou...Under strong earthquakes, long-span spatial latticed structures may collapse due to dynamic instability or strength failure. The elasto-plastic dynamic behaviors of three spatial latticed structures, including two double-layer cylindrical shells and one spherical shell constructed for the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, were quantitatively examined under multi-support excitation （MSE） and uniform support excitation （USE）. In the numerical analyses, several important parameters were investigated such as the peak acceleration and displacement responses at key joints, the number and distribution of plastic members, and the deformation of the shell at the moment of collapse. Analysis results reveal the features and the failure mechanism of the spatial latticed structures under MSE and USE. In both scenarios, the double-layer reticulated shell collapses in the ＂overflow＂ mode, and the collapse is governed by the number of invalid plastic members rather than the total number of plastic members, beginning with damage to some of the local regions near the supports. By comparing the numbers and distributions of the plastic members under MSE to those under USE, it was observed that the plastic members spread more sufficiently and the internal forces are more uniform under MSE, especially in cases of lower apparent velocities in soils. Due to the effects of pseudo-static displacement, the stresses in the members near the supports under MSE are higher than those under USE.展开更多
青藏高原是中国陆地生态系统的一个重要的碳汇功能区,但其碳汇强度及潜力的估算存在很大的差异,不利于区域碳中和目标的实现。基于涡度相关技术观测的原生高寒草地生态系统CO_(2)通量的40个站点年数据,结合2000年~2018年的年均气温、年...青藏高原是中国陆地生态系统的一个重要的碳汇功能区,但其碳汇强度及潜力的估算存在很大的差异,不利于区域碳中和目标的实现。基于涡度相关技术观测的原生高寒草地生态系统CO_(2)通量的40个站点年数据,结合2000年~2018年的年均气温、年均降水和年最大归一化植被指数(NDVIm)等因子,构建增强回归树模型以研究青海省陆地生态系统碳汇潜力及空间特征。结果表明增强回归树模型能够较好地模拟原生高寒草地碳汇强度的时空变异(R2=0.61),碳汇强度的观测值与模拟值的均方根误差和平均绝对误差分别为33.78 g C/m^(2)和26.63 g C/m^(2)。年均气温和NDVIm是高寒草地碳汇强度时空变异的主要影响因子,二者的相对贡献分别为48.6%和39.0%。青海省陆地生态系统每年的碳汇潜力平均为44.82±22.57 g C/m^(2)(平均值±标准差),高值区集中在海北州的中部及黄南州、果洛州和玉树州的东南部,低值区分布在海西州、海南州和海东市。青海省陆地生态系统每年的碳汇潜力总和为16.60 Mt C,其中高寒草甸和高寒草原分别为11.48 Mt C和3.13 Mt C,是青海省碳汇功能维持和提升的重点保育对象。研究结果可为青海省陆地生态系统的功能评估及率先实现碳中和目标提供数据支撑。展开更多
Rock properties exhibit spatial variabilities due to complex geological processes such as sedimentation,metamorphism, weathering, and tectogenesis. Although recognized as an important factor controlling the safety of ...Rock properties exhibit spatial variabilities due to complex geological processes such as sedimentation,metamorphism, weathering, and tectogenesis. Although recognized as an important factor controlling the safety of geotechnical structures in rock engineering, the spatial variability of rock properties is rarely quantified. Hence, this study characterizes the autocorrelation structures and scales of fluctuation of two important parameters of intact rocks, i.e. uniaxial compressive strength(UCS) and elastic modulus(EM).UCS and EM data for sedimentary and igneous rocks are collected. The autocorrelation structures are selected using a Bayesian model class selection approach and the scales of fluctuation for these two parameters are estimated using a Bayesian updating method. The results show that the autocorrelation structures for UCS and EM could be best described by a single exponential autocorrelation function. The scales of fluctuation for UCS and EM respectively range from 0.3 m to 8.0 m and from 0.3 m to 8.4 m.These results serve as guidelines for selecting proper autocorrelation functions and autocorrelation distances for rock properties in reliability analyses and could also be used as prior information for quantifying the spatial variability of rock properties in a Bayesian framework.展开更多
A novel soil strength criterion is proposed based on the shear stress ratio on a new spatially mobilized plane, where the cube root of principal stresses is constant. The strength failure surface depicted in the princ...A novel soil strength criterion is proposed based on the shear stress ratio on a new spatially mobilized plane, where the cube root of principal stresses is constant. The strength failure surface depicted in the principal stress space by this criterion was smoothly conical, with a curved triangle shape on the octahedral plane. A comparative analysis of the strength failure surfaces of the Mohr-Coulomb (M-C), the Drucker-Prager (D-P), the Matsuoka-Nakai (M-N), the Lade-Duncan (L-D), the new criteria, and the shear strength laws of different criteria with parameter b on the π plane showed that the L-D criterion and the new spatially mobilized plane strength criterion were comparable, which revealed the physical essence of the L-D criterion. Comparing the new strength criterion with the measured results of true triaxial tests of 4 kinds of intact loess under conditions of consolidation and drain, the strength law of loess could be described by the new strength criterion under complex stress conditions, and the rationality and reliability of the strength criterion were verified by the correspondence between the criterion and experimental values.展开更多
文摘Under strong earthquakes, long-span spatial latticed structures may collapse due to dynamic instability or strength failure. The elasto-plastic dynamic behaviors of three spatial latticed structures, including two double-layer cylindrical shells and one spherical shell constructed for the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, were quantitatively examined under multi-support excitation （MSE） and uniform support excitation （USE）. In the numerical analyses, several important parameters were investigated such as the peak acceleration and displacement responses at key joints, the number and distribution of plastic members, and the deformation of the shell at the moment of collapse. Analysis results reveal the features and the failure mechanism of the spatial latticed structures under MSE and USE. In both scenarios, the double-layer reticulated shell collapses in the ＂overflow＂ mode, and the collapse is governed by the number of invalid plastic members rather than the total number of plastic members, beginning with damage to some of the local regions near the supports. By comparing the numbers and distributions of the plastic members under MSE to those under USE, it was observed that the plastic members spread more sufficiently and the internal forces are more uniform under MSE, especially in cases of lower apparent velocities in soils. Due to the effects of pseudo-static displacement, the stresses in the members near the supports under MSE are higher than those under USE.
文摘青藏高原是中国陆地生态系统的一个重要的碳汇功能区,但其碳汇强度及潜力的估算存在很大的差异,不利于区域碳中和目标的实现。基于涡度相关技术观测的原生高寒草地生态系统CO_(2)通量的40个站点年数据,结合2000年~2018年的年均气温、年均降水和年最大归一化植被指数(NDVIm)等因子,构建增强回归树模型以研究青海省陆地生态系统碳汇潜力及空间特征。结果表明增强回归树模型能够较好地模拟原生高寒草地碳汇强度的时空变异(R2=0.61),碳汇强度的观测值与模拟值的均方根误差和平均绝对误差分别为33.78 g C/m^(2)和26.63 g C/m^(2)。年均气温和NDVIm是高寒草地碳汇强度时空变异的主要影响因子,二者的相对贡献分别为48.6%和39.0%。青海省陆地生态系统每年的碳汇潜力平均为44.82±22.57 g C/m^(2)(平均值±标准差),高值区集中在海北州的中部及黄南州、果洛州和玉树州的东南部,低值区分布在海西州、海南州和海东市。青海省陆地生态系统每年的碳汇潜力总和为16.60 Mt C,其中高寒草甸和高寒草原分别为11.48 Mt C和3.13 Mt C,是青海省碳汇功能维持和提升的重点保育对象。研究结果可为青海省陆地生态系统的功能评估及率先实现碳中和目标提供数据支撑。
文摘Rock properties exhibit spatial variabilities due to complex geological processes such as sedimentation,metamorphism, weathering, and tectogenesis. Although recognized as an important factor controlling the safety of geotechnical structures in rock engineering, the spatial variability of rock properties is rarely quantified. Hence, this study characterizes the autocorrelation structures and scales of fluctuation of two important parameters of intact rocks, i.e. uniaxial compressive strength(UCS) and elastic modulus(EM).UCS and EM data for sedimentary and igneous rocks are collected. The autocorrelation structures are selected using a Bayesian model class selection approach and the scales of fluctuation for these two parameters are estimated using a Bayesian updating method. The results show that the autocorrelation structures for UCS and EM could be best described by a single exponential autocorrelation function. The scales of fluctuation for UCS and EM respectively range from 0.3 m to 8.0 m and from 0.3 m to 8.4 m.These results serve as guidelines for selecting proper autocorrelation functions and autocorrelation distances for rock properties in reliability analyses and could also be used as prior information for quantifying the spatial variability of rock properties in a Bayesian framework.
文摘A novel soil strength criterion is proposed based on the shear stress ratio on a new spatially mobilized plane, where the cube root of principal stresses is constant. The strength failure surface depicted in the principal stress space by this criterion was smoothly conical, with a curved triangle shape on the octahedral plane. A comparative analysis of the strength failure surfaces of the Mohr-Coulomb (M-C), the Drucker-Prager (D-P), the Matsuoka-Nakai (M-N), the Lade-Duncan (L-D), the new criteria, and the shear strength laws of different criteria with parameter b on the π plane showed that the L-D criterion and the new spatially mobilized plane strength criterion were comparable, which revealed the physical essence of the L-D criterion. Comparing the new strength criterion with the measured results of true triaxial tests of 4 kinds of intact loess under conditions of consolidation and drain, the strength law of loess could be described by the new strength criterion under complex stress conditions, and the rationality and reliability of the strength criterion were verified by the correspondence between the criterion and experimental values.
