In this paper, we propose a novel seismic blind deconvolution approach based on the Spearman’s rho in the case of band-limited seismic data with a low dominant frequency and short data records. The Spearman’s rho is...In this paper, we propose a novel seismic blind deconvolution approach based on the Spearman’s rho in the case of band-limited seismic data with a low dominant frequency and short data records. The Spearman’s rho is a measure of the dependence between two continuous random variables without the influence of the marginal distributions, by which a new criterion for blind deconvolution is constructed. The optimization program for new criterion of blind deconvolution is performed by applying Neidell’s wavelet model to the inverse filter. The noise-free and noisy synthetic data, onshore seismic trace in the Ordos Basin, and offshore stacked section in the Bohai Bay Basin examples show good results of the method.展开更多
Ras homolog(Rho)-associated kinases(ROCKs)belong to the serine-threonine kinase family,which plays a pivotal role in regulating the damage,survival,axon guidance,and regeneration of neurons.ROCKs are also involved in ...Ras homolog(Rho)-associated kinases(ROCKs)belong to the serine-threonine kinase family,which plays a pivotal role in regulating the damage,survival,axon guidance,and regeneration of neurons.ROCKs are also involved in the biological effects of immune cells and glial cells,as well as the development of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,and multiple sclerosis.Previous studies by us and others confirmed that ROCKs inhibitors attenuated the symptoms and progression of experimental models of the abovementioned neurodegenerative diseases by inhibiting neuroinflammation,regulating immune imbalance,repairing the blood-brain barrier,and promoting nerve repair and myelin regeneration.Fasudil,the first ROCKs inhibitor to be used clinically,has a good therapeutic effect on neurodegenerative diseases.Fasudil increases the activity of neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells,thus optimizing cell therapy.This review will systematically describe,for the first time,the effects of abnormal activation of ROCKs on T cells,B cells,microglia,astrocytes,oligodendrocytes,and pericytes in neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system,summarize the therapeutic potential of fasudil in several experimental models of neurodegenerative diseases,and clarify the possible cellular and molecular mechanisms of ROCKs inhibition.This review also proposes that fasudil is a novel potential treatment,especially in combination with cell-based therapy.Findings from this review add support for further investigation of ROCKs and its inhibitor fasudil for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the relation between inflation rate and unemployment rate in contemporary democratic states, using Spearman＇s correlation coefficient. We apply this method i...The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the relation between inflation rate and unemployment rate in contemporary democratic states, using Spearman＇s correlation coefficient. We apply this method in Albania during the period from January 2005 to December 2014. Some results of the study include： （1） The Central Limit Theorem （CLT） is not applicable for the quarterly inflation rate as well as for quarterly unemployment rate in Albania during the period from January 2005 to December 2014 at the confidence level of 99.99%. The official data for inflation and unemployment contradict the CLT at a very high confidence level of 99.99%; （2） The inflation process in Albania during the period from January 2005 to December 2014 is an unfair game at the confidence level of 99.2%; （3） The unemployment process in Albania during the period from January 2005 to December 2014 is an unfair game at the confidence level of 99.99%; （4） The inflation and unemployment in Albania during the period from January 2005 to December 2014 are statistically dependent at the 96% confidence level; （5） Spearman＇s correlation coefficient = 0.387 indicates a weak positive correlation between inflation and unemployment in Albania during the specified period; and （6） The official data for inflation and unemployment in Albania during the period from January 2005 to December 2014 are consistent with Friedman＇s hypothesis.展开更多
Based on the trivariate reduction technique two different trivariate Bernoulli mixtures of univariate uniform distributions and their associated trivariate copulas with bivariate linear Spearman marginal copulas are c...Based on the trivariate reduction technique two different trivariate Bernoulli mixtures of univariate uniform distributions and their associated trivariate copulas with bivariate linear Spearman marginal copulas are considered. Mathematical characterizations of these Bernoulli mixture models are obtained. Since Bernoulli mixture trivariate reduction copulas are not compatible with all valid grade correlation coefficients, and there exist linear Spearman compatible non-Bernoulli mixture trivariate copulas, one can ask when there exists at all a trivariate copula with given linear Spearman marginal copulas. Based on a known concordance ordering compatibility criterion, a set of grade correlation inequalities, which must necessarily be satisfied for compatibility, is derived. The existence question for trivariate copulas with compatible linear Spearman marginal copulas is settled in the main result, which states that this set of inequalities is also sufficient for compatibility. The constructive proof makes use of two new classes of trivariate copulas that are obtained from the Bernoulli mixture trivariate copulas through a natural parametric extension. Finally, the obtained classes of trivariate copulas are compared with another class that contains as special case some trivariate copulas with linear Spearman marginal copulas. Since the latter class is incompatible with some type of linear Spearman copulas, the new classes of trivariate copulas build a richer class in this respect. Moreover, in contrast to the mentioned class, which requires in general 11 different elementary copulas in the defining convex linear combination, the new classes require at most five of them, which results in a more parsimonious parametric modelling.展开更多
A facile encryption way was successfully applied to the holographic optical encryption system with high speed,multidimensionality,and high capacity,which provided a better security solution for underwater communicatio...A facile encryption way was successfully applied to the holographic optical encryption system with high speed,multidimensionality,and high capacity,which provided a better security solution for underwater communication.The reconstructed optical security system for information transmission was based on wavelengthλand focal length f that were keys to encryption and decryption.To finish the secure data transmission(λ,f)between sender and receiver,an extended Rivest-Shamir-Adleman(ERSA)algorithm for the encryption was achieved based on three-dimension quaternion function.Therein,the Pollard’s rho method was used for the evaluation and comparison of RSA and ERSA algorithms.The results demonstrate that the message encrypted by the ERSA algorithm has better security than that by RSA algorithm in the face of unpredictability and complexity of information transmission on the unsecure acoustic channel.展开更多
This paper is concerned with the statistical modeling of the dependence structure of multivariate financial data using the copula, and the application of copula functions in VaR valuation. After the introduction of th...This paper is concerned with the statistical modeling of the dependence structure of multivariate financial data using the copula, and the application of copula functions in VaR valuation. After the introduction of the pure copula method and the maximum and minimum mixture copula method, authors present a new algorithm based on the more generalized mixture copula functions and the dependence measure, and apply the method to the portfolio of Shanghai stock composite index and Shenzhen stock component index. Comparing with the results from various methods, one can find that the mixture copula method is better than the pure Gaussian copula method and the maximum and minimum mixture copula method on different VaR level.展开更多
Change trend of Chinese urban residents＇ per capita food-nitrogen annual consumption from 1981 to 2007 was analyzed and predicted by using ARIMA time-series model in order to reveal the change of urban food-nitrogen ...Change trend of Chinese urban residents＇ per capita food-nitrogen annual consumption from 1981 to 2007 was analyzed and predicted by using ARIMA time-series model in order to reveal the change of urban food-nitrogen consumption during the China＇s urbanization process.Results showed that after 1980s,the annual consumption of Chinese urban residents＇ food-nitrogen had a change trend of ＂ increase-decrease-increase＂ and generally presented as a slight increasing trend;With the acceleration of rapid economic development and urbanization process,Chinese urban residents＇ food-nitrogen consumption will still keep a rising trend in future,and also has a large rising space.展开更多
Air is an important condition for human activities and survival,and its quality is closely related to the quality of life and level of health for the people.In recent years,the problem caused by air quality has become...Air is an important condition for human activities and survival,and its quality is closely related to the quality of life and level of health for the people.In recent years,the problem caused by air quality has become one of the main problems that endanger human health and restrict economic development,which has been widely concerned.In this paper,the air quality status and its changing trend were analyzed by using the methods of the comprehensive index of ambient air quality and Spearman s rank correlation coefficient,based on the hourly pollutant concentration data of five national ambient air quality monitoring stations in the central urban area of Liupanshui City,Guizhou Province from January 1,2015 to December 31,2019.The results showed that the concentration of air pollutants in the atmosphere in the past five years showed a downward trend in the central urban area of Liupanshui City.During 2018-2019,the air quality has been up to the standard for two consecutive years,and it was developing to a higher quality direction.The air quality was better in summer half year than in winter half year.In one year,the air quality was the best in June and the worst in February.The air quality was the best at 07:00 and the worst at 21:00 every day.The air quality in the east and the west of the city was better than that in the middle.In most years,the activities,making and burning paper to resemble money as an offering sacrifices to gods or ancestors in Zhongyuan Festival,caused serious pollution.展开更多
The commencement of China–Pakistan Economic Corridor has led to the appreciation of Pakistan’s economic outlook from 5.4%to 5.8%by the World Bank.The upgraded outlook is a welcome sign but it is still trivial,essent...The commencement of China–Pakistan Economic Corridor has led to the appreciation of Pakistan’s economic outlook from 5.4%to 5.8%by the World Bank.The upgraded outlook is a welcome sign but it is still trivial,essentially attributable to the electric power crisis,which approximately trims 2%of Pakistan’s economic growth annually.Almost 60%of the CPEC(China–Pakistan Economic Corridor)funds are directed at Pakistan’s energy sector,hence,demanding careful attention of both researchers and policy analysts alike.The study is based upon a meta-analytic review of literature concerning CPEC and Pakistan’s energy sector.The results of the study demonstrate that CPEC is an easing agent for Pakistan’s energy crisis(82.30%).The results also highlight points of concern,including inadequate planning(47%),dilapidated electricity distribution system causing losses(64.7%),and an unsustainable energy mix(64.7%).The study further validates the findings via Spearman’s Rho-Correlation.The rρvalue for the possible“resolution of Pakistan’s energy crisis”is 0.5426 achieving a significance level of 98%and a corresponding p-value of 0.0252.The significant negative rρvalue attained is−0.4894 which establishes the fact that lack of planning can hinder the energy crisis resolution.展开更多
文摘In this paper, we propose a novel seismic blind deconvolution approach based on the Spearman’s rho in the case of band-limited seismic data with a low dominant frequency and short data records. The Spearman’s rho is a measure of the dependence between two continuous random variables without the influence of the marginal distributions, by which a new criterion for blind deconvolution is constructed. The optimization program for new criterion of blind deconvolution is performed by applying Neidell’s wavelet model to the inverse filter. The noise-free and noisy synthetic data, onshore seismic trace in the Ordos Basin, and offshore stacked section in the Bohai Bay Basin examples show good results of the method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos.81473577 (to CGM), 81903596 (to QW), 82004028 (to LJS)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, No.2020M680912 (to LJS)+2 种基金Open Project of The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education of China,No.2019004 (to CGM)Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shanxi Colleges of China, Nos.2019L0728 (to QW)Cultivation Project of Shanxi Universtity of Chinese Medicine of China, No.2019PY130 (to QW)
文摘Ras homolog(Rho)-associated kinases(ROCKs)belong to the serine-threonine kinase family,which plays a pivotal role in regulating the damage,survival,axon guidance,and regeneration of neurons.ROCKs are also involved in the biological effects of immune cells and glial cells,as well as the development of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,and multiple sclerosis.Previous studies by us and others confirmed that ROCKs inhibitors attenuated the symptoms and progression of experimental models of the abovementioned neurodegenerative diseases by inhibiting neuroinflammation,regulating immune imbalance,repairing the blood-brain barrier,and promoting nerve repair and myelin regeneration.Fasudil,the first ROCKs inhibitor to be used clinically,has a good therapeutic effect on neurodegenerative diseases.Fasudil increases the activity of neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells,thus optimizing cell therapy.This review will systematically describe,for the first time,the effects of abnormal activation of ROCKs on T cells,B cells,microglia,astrocytes,oligodendrocytes,and pericytes in neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system,summarize the therapeutic potential of fasudil in several experimental models of neurodegenerative diseases,and clarify the possible cellular and molecular mechanisms of ROCKs inhibition.This review also proposes that fasudil is a novel potential treatment,especially in combination with cell-based therapy.Findings from this review add support for further investigation of ROCKs and its inhibitor fasudil for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
文摘The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the relation between inflation rate and unemployment rate in contemporary democratic states, using Spearman＇s correlation coefficient. We apply this method in Albania during the period from January 2005 to December 2014. Some results of the study include： （1） The Central Limit Theorem （CLT） is not applicable for the quarterly inflation rate as well as for quarterly unemployment rate in Albania during the period from January 2005 to December 2014 at the confidence level of 99.99%. The official data for inflation and unemployment contradict the CLT at a very high confidence level of 99.99%; （2） The inflation process in Albania during the period from January 2005 to December 2014 is an unfair game at the confidence level of 99.2%; （3） The unemployment process in Albania during the period from January 2005 to December 2014 is an unfair game at the confidence level of 99.99%; （4） The inflation and unemployment in Albania during the period from January 2005 to December 2014 are statistically dependent at the 96% confidence level; （5） Spearman＇s correlation coefficient = 0.387 indicates a weak positive correlation between inflation and unemployment in Albania during the specified period; and （6） The official data for inflation and unemployment in Albania during the period from January 2005 to December 2014 are consistent with Friedman＇s hypothesis.
文摘Based on the trivariate reduction technique two different trivariate Bernoulli mixtures of univariate uniform distributions and their associated trivariate copulas with bivariate linear Spearman marginal copulas are considered. Mathematical characterizations of these Bernoulli mixture models are obtained. Since Bernoulli mixture trivariate reduction copulas are not compatible with all valid grade correlation coefficients, and there exist linear Spearman compatible non-Bernoulli mixture trivariate copulas, one can ask when there exists at all a trivariate copula with given linear Spearman marginal copulas. Based on a known concordance ordering compatibility criterion, a set of grade correlation inequalities, which must necessarily be satisfied for compatibility, is derived. The existence question for trivariate copulas with compatible linear Spearman marginal copulas is settled in the main result, which states that this set of inequalities is also sufficient for compatibility. The constructive proof makes use of two new classes of trivariate copulas that are obtained from the Bernoulli mixture trivariate copulas through a natural parametric extension. Finally, the obtained classes of trivariate copulas are compared with another class that contains as special case some trivariate copulas with linear Spearman marginal copulas. Since the latter class is incompatible with some type of linear Spearman copulas, the new classes of trivariate copulas build a richer class in this respect. Moreover, in contrast to the mentioned class, which requires in general 11 different elementary copulas in the defining convex linear combination, the new classes require at most five of them, which results in a more parsimonious parametric modelling.
基金supported by Young Academic Leaders Program of Taiyuan Institute of Technology(No.2022XS06)Scientific Research Funding Project of Taiyuan Institute of Technology(Nos.2022LJ028,2022KJ103).
文摘A facile encryption way was successfully applied to the holographic optical encryption system with high speed,multidimensionality,and high capacity,which provided a better security solution for underwater communication.The reconstructed optical security system for information transmission was based on wavelengthλand focal length f that were keys to encryption and decryption.To finish the secure data transmission(λ,f)between sender and receiver,an extended Rivest-Shamir-Adleman(ERSA)algorithm for the encryption was achieved based on three-dimension quaternion function.Therein,the Pollard’s rho method was used for the evaluation and comparison of RSA and ERSA algorithms.The results demonstrate that the message encrypted by the ERSA algorithm has better security than that by RSA algorithm in the face of unpredictability and complexity of information transmission on the unsecure acoustic channel.
基金Supported by Research Projects of Humanities and Social Sciences Foundation of Ministry of Education
文摘This paper is concerned with the statistical modeling of the dependence structure of multivariate financial data using the copula, and the application of copula functions in VaR valuation. After the introduction of the pure copula method and the maximum and minimum mixture copula method, authors present a new algorithm based on the more generalized mixture copula functions and the dependence measure, and apply the method to the portfolio of Shanghai stock composite index and Shenzhen stock component index. Comparing with the results from various methods, one can find that the mixture copula method is better than the pure Gaussian copula method and the maximum and minimum mixture copula method on different VaR level.
基金Supported by State Council Special Fund for Pollution Sources Survey (WPXC2007C200)~~
文摘Change trend of Chinese urban residents＇ per capita food-nitrogen annual consumption from 1981 to 2007 was analyzed and predicted by using ARIMA time-series model in order to reveal the change of urban food-nitrogen consumption during the China＇s urbanization process.Results showed that after 1980s,the annual consumption of Chinese urban residents＇ food-nitrogen had a change trend of ＂ increase-decrease-increase＂ and generally presented as a slight increasing trend;With the acceleration of rapid economic development and urbanization process,Chinese urban residents＇ food-nitrogen consumption will still keep a rising trend in future,and also has a large rising space.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Plan Project of Liupanshui City(52020-2015-30).
文摘Air is an important condition for human activities and survival,and its quality is closely related to the quality of life and level of health for the people.In recent years,the problem caused by air quality has become one of the main problems that endanger human health and restrict economic development,which has been widely concerned.In this paper,the air quality status and its changing trend were analyzed by using the methods of the comprehensive index of ambient air quality and Spearman s rank correlation coefficient,based on the hourly pollutant concentration data of five national ambient air quality monitoring stations in the central urban area of Liupanshui City,Guizhou Province from January 1,2015 to December 31,2019.The results showed that the concentration of air pollutants in the atmosphere in the past five years showed a downward trend in the central urban area of Liupanshui City.During 2018-2019,the air quality has been up to the standard for two consecutive years,and it was developing to a higher quality direction.The air quality was better in summer half year than in winter half year.In one year,the air quality was the best in June and the worst in February.The air quality was the best at 07:00 and the worst at 21:00 every day.The air quality in the east and the west of the city was better than that in the middle.In most years,the activities,making and burning paper to resemble money as an offering sacrifices to gods or ancestors in Zhongyuan Festival,caused serious pollution.
文摘The commencement of China–Pakistan Economic Corridor has led to the appreciation of Pakistan’s economic outlook from 5.4%to 5.8%by the World Bank.The upgraded outlook is a welcome sign but it is still trivial,essentially attributable to the electric power crisis,which approximately trims 2%of Pakistan’s economic growth annually.Almost 60%of the CPEC(China–Pakistan Economic Corridor)funds are directed at Pakistan’s energy sector,hence,demanding careful attention of both researchers and policy analysts alike.The study is based upon a meta-analytic review of literature concerning CPEC and Pakistan’s energy sector.The results of the study demonstrate that CPEC is an easing agent for Pakistan’s energy crisis(82.30%).The results also highlight points of concern,including inadequate planning(47%),dilapidated electricity distribution system causing losses(64.7%),and an unsustainable energy mix(64.7%).The study further validates the findings via Spearman’s Rho-Correlation.The rρvalue for the possible“resolution of Pakistan’s energy crisis”is 0.5426 achieving a significance level of 98%and a corresponding p-value of 0.0252.The significant negative rρvalue attained is−0.4894 which establishes the fact that lack of planning can hinder the energy crisis resolution.
