“Alone together”is an ever-changing“wicked problem.”In this research and practice,the author tries to combine experience design,referring to the theory of“interaction ritual chain theory,”and creatively add inte...“Alone together”is an ever-changing“wicked problem.”In this research and practice,the author tries to combine experience design,referring to the theory of“interaction ritual chain theory,”and creatively add interactive experience to discursive works,so that the audience can think between the real and the virtual.展开更多
There are two inaccuracies to the common belief that hot money flows into China through international trade: "hot money" and "trade channels". First, China’s domestic financial market is still at ...There are two inaccuracies to the common belief that hot money flows into China through international trade: "hot money" and "trade channels". First, China’s domestic financial market is still at the initial stage of development, and foreign exchange control has put barriers to entry and exit of overseas capital. Strictly speaking, the short-term highly liquid "hot money" does not exist in China, and is referred to as long-term speculative capital in this paper. Second, such capital does not come from trade alone. International trade is only part of corporate business operations, and a more reasonable and complete description is that "overseas capital flows into China through foreign-funded enterprises". Through analysis of the inflow channels, this paper estimates that the stock of long-term speculative capital between 1999 and 2006 stands at almost US$ 400 billion. The year 2006 saw an increase of US$ 98.09 billion, of which US$ 35.4 billion was formed through international trade, which equals to roughly 20% of trade surplus that year. But this does not mean that 20% of trade surplus is long-term speculative capital.展开更多
Hadoop is a well-known parallel computing system for distributed computing and large-scale data processes.“Straggling”tasks,however,have a serious impact on task allocation and scheduling in a Hadoop system.Speculat...Hadoop is a well-known parallel computing system for distributed computing and large-scale data processes.“Straggling”tasks,however,have a serious impact on task allocation and scheduling in a Hadoop system.Speculative Execution(SE)is an efficient method of processing“Straggling”Tasks by monitoring real-time running status of tasks and then selectively backing up“Stragglers”in another node to increase the chance to complete the entire mission early.Present speculative execution strategies meet challenges on misjudgement of“Straggling”tasks and improper selection of backup nodes,which leads to inefficient implementation of speculative executive processes.This paper has proposed an Optimized Resource Scheduling strategy for Speculative Execution(ORSE)by introducing non-cooperative game schemes.The ORSE transforms the resource scheduling of backup tasks into a multi-party non-cooperative game problem,where the tasks are regarded as game participants,whilst total task execution time of the entire cluster as the utility function.In that case,the most benefit strategy can be implemented in each computing node when the game reaches a Nash equilibrium point,i.e.,the final resource scheduling scheme to be obtained.The strategy has been implemented in Hadoop-2.x.Experimental results depict that the ORSE can maintain the efficiency of speculative executive processes and improve fault-tolerant and computation performance under the circumstances of Normal Load,Busy Load and Busy Load with Skewed Data.展开更多
As a distributed computing platform, Hadoop provides an effective way to handle big data. In Hadoop, the completion time of job will be delayed by a straggler. Although the definitive cause of the straggler is hard to...As a distributed computing platform, Hadoop provides an effective way to handle big data. In Hadoop, the completion time of job will be delayed by a straggler. Although the definitive cause of the straggler is hard to detect, speculative execution is usually used for dealing with this problem, by simply backing up those stragglers on alternative nodes. In this paper, we design a new Speculative Execution algorithm based on C4.5 Decision Tree, SECDT, for Hadoop. In SECDT, we speculate completion time of stragglers and also of backup tasks, based on a kind of decision tree method: C4.5 decision tree. After we speculate the completion time, we compare the completion time of stragglers and of the backup tasks, calculating their differential value, and selecting the straggler with the maximum differential value to start the backup task.Experiment result shows that the SECDT can predict execution time more accurately than other speculative execution methods, hence reduce the job completion time.展开更多
对稠油沥青质、胶质化学结构的预测和分析有助于石油的炼制和加工。笔者通过Microsoft Visual Studio 2022软件开发的沥青质推测结构工具(SSxAA,Structure speculation and analysis of asphaltenes)是一套可以自动预测稠油沥青质、胶...对稠油沥青质、胶质化学结构的预测和分析有助于石油的炼制和加工。笔者通过Microsoft Visual Studio 2022软件开发的沥青质推测结构工具(SSxAA,Structure speculation and analysis of asphaltenes)是一套可以自动预测稠油沥青质、胶质分子构型的软件。SSxAA借助已有的Brown-Ladner方法,通过软件中设定的结构参数计算、分子构型生成以及合适构型筛选3部分,可以实现仅需输入实验数据便可得到与实验数据相符的稠油沥青质、胶质分子结构构型,再通过分子动力学模拟计算对筛选的结果进行分析,可获得最佳的分子结构。SSxAA已应用于稠油沥青质和胶质平均分子构型的推测,并有望通过后续的更新应用到其他合适的结构分析中。展开更多
文摘“Alone together”is an ever-changing“wicked problem.”In this research and practice,the author tries to combine experience design,referring to the theory of“interaction ritual chain theory,”and creatively add interactive experience to discursive works,so that the audience can think between the real and the virtual.
文摘There are two inaccuracies to the common belief that hot money flows into China through international trade: "hot money" and "trade channels". First, China’s domestic financial market is still at the initial stage of development, and foreign exchange control has put barriers to entry and exit of overseas capital. Strictly speaking, the short-term highly liquid "hot money" does not exist in China, and is referred to as long-term speculative capital in this paper. Second, such capital does not come from trade alone. International trade is only part of corporate business operations, and a more reasonable and complete description is that "overseas capital flows into China through foreign-funded enterprises". Through analysis of the inflow channels, this paper estimates that the stock of long-term speculative capital between 1999 and 2006 stands at almost US$ 400 billion. The year 2006 saw an increase of US$ 98.09 billion, of which US$ 35.4 billion was formed through international trade, which equals to roughly 20% of trade surplus that year. But this does not mean that 20% of trade surplus is long-term speculative capital.
基金This work has received funding from the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no.701697Major Program of the National Social Science Fund of China(Grant No.17ZDA092)+2 种基金Basic Research Programs(Natural Science Foundation)of Jiangsu Province(BK20180794)333 High-Level Talent Cultivation Project of Jiangsu Province(BRA2018332)333 High-Level Talent Cultivation Project of Jiangsu Province(BRA2018332)the PAPD fund.
文摘Hadoop is a well-known parallel computing system for distributed computing and large-scale data processes.“Straggling”tasks,however,have a serious impact on task allocation and scheduling in a Hadoop system.Speculative Execution(SE)is an efficient method of processing“Straggling”Tasks by monitoring real-time running status of tasks and then selectively backing up“Stragglers”in another node to increase the chance to complete the entire mission early.Present speculative execution strategies meet challenges on misjudgement of“Straggling”tasks and improper selection of backup nodes,which leads to inefficient implementation of speculative executive processes.This paper has proposed an Optimized Resource Scheduling strategy for Speculative Execution(ORSE)by introducing non-cooperative game schemes.The ORSE transforms the resource scheduling of backup tasks into a multi-party non-cooperative game problem,where the tasks are regarded as game participants,whilst total task execution time of the entire cluster as the utility function.In that case,the most benefit strategy can be implemented in each computing node when the game reaches a Nash equilibrium point,i.e.,the final resource scheduling scheme to be obtained.The strategy has been implemented in Hadoop-2.x.Experimental results depict that the ORSE can maintain the efficiency of speculative executive processes and improve fault-tolerant and computation performance under the circumstances of Normal Load,Busy Load and Busy Load with Skewed Data.
文摘As a distributed computing platform, Hadoop provides an effective way to handle big data. In Hadoop, the completion time of job will be delayed by a straggler. Although the definitive cause of the straggler is hard to detect, speculative execution is usually used for dealing with this problem, by simply backing up those stragglers on alternative nodes. In this paper, we design a new Speculative Execution algorithm based on C4.5 Decision Tree, SECDT, for Hadoop. In SECDT, we speculate completion time of stragglers and also of backup tasks, based on a kind of decision tree method: C4.5 decision tree. After we speculate the completion time, we compare the completion time of stragglers and of the backup tasks, calculating their differential value, and selecting the straggler with the maximum differential value to start the backup task.Experiment result shows that the SECDT can predict execution time more accurately than other speculative execution methods, hence reduce the job completion time.
文摘对稠油沥青质、胶质化学结构的预测和分析有助于石油的炼制和加工。笔者通过Microsoft Visual Studio 2022软件开发的沥青质推测结构工具(SSxAA,Structure speculation and analysis of asphaltenes)是一套可以自动预测稠油沥青质、胶质分子构型的软件。SSxAA借助已有的Brown-Ladner方法,通过软件中设定的结构参数计算、分子构型生成以及合适构型筛选3部分,可以实现仅需输入实验数据便可得到与实验数据相符的稠油沥青质、胶质分子结构构型,再通过分子动力学模拟计算对筛选的结果进行分析,可获得最佳的分子结构。SSxAA已应用于稠油沥青质和胶质平均分子构型的推测,并有望通过后续的更新应用到其他合适的结构分析中。
