Expression of germ cell nuclear factor in mouse germ cells and sperm during postnatal period

Aim: To assess the spatial and temporal expression of germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF) in male mouse germ cells during postnatal development and in sperm before and after capacitation. Methods: The indirect immun-ofluorescence method with anti-GCNF antiserum was used to investigate the GCNF expression in mice at day 8, 10, 14, 17, 20, 28, 35, 70, and 420 after birth and in sperm before and after capacitation. Results: With the proceeding of spermatogenesis, GCNF was first detected in the nuclei of spermatogonia and a few early stage primary sperma-tocytes at day 8, which was increased gradually at day 10 to 14 inclusive. From day 17 to day 20, the GCNF was concentrated in round spermatids, while both spermatogonia and early stage primary spermatocytes became GCNF negative. From day 28 until day 420, strong GCNF expression was shown in round spermatids and pachytene spermatocytes, while spermatogonia, early primary spermatocytes and elongating spermatids were all GCNF negative. In addition, it was also found that GCNF was localized on the acrosomal cap region of spermatozoa and there was a big change in GCNF expression during capacitation, from 98 % GCNF positive before capacitation to about 20 % positive following capacitation. The localization of GCNF in caput and cauda spermatozoa was similar. Conclusion: GCNF may play important roles in spermatogenesis, capacitation and fertilization.

Role of platelet-activating factor in reproduction:sperm function

Since its discovery nearly thirty years ago, platelet-activating factor has emerged as one of the more important lipidmediators known. Platelet-activating factor (PAF; 1-O-alkyl-2-O-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine) exists en-dogenously as a mixture of molecular species with structural variants of the alkyl moiety. PAF is a novel potent signal-ing phospholipid that has unique pleiotropic biological properties in addition to platelet activation. PAF also plays a sig-nificant role in reproduction. PAF content in squirrel monkey sperm is significantly higher during the breeding seasonthan the non-breeding season. PAF content in human sperm has a positive correlation with seminal parameters and preg-nancy outcomes. High-fertility boars have significantly more PAF in their sperm than low-fertility boars. The enzymes(lyso-PAF-acetyltransferase and PAF-acetylhydrolase) necessary for PAF activation and deactivation are present insperm. PAF-acetylhydrolase may act as a 'decapacitation factor'. Removal of this enzyme during capacitation maypromote PAF synthesis increasing motility and fertilization. PAF also plays a significant role in the fertilization process,enhancing the fertilization rates of oocytes. Enhanced embryo development has also been reported in oocytes fertilizedwith PAF-treated sperm. PAF antagonists inhibit sperm motility, acrosome reaction, and fertilization, thus suggestingthe presence of receptors for PAF. The PAF-receptor is present on sperm, with altered transcript levels and distributionpatterns on abnormal cells. Whereas the exact mechanism of PAF in sperm function and reproduction is uncertain, itsimportance in normal fertility is substantial. The reproductive significance of PAF activity in sperm and fertility plus therole of PAF in the establishment of pregnancy requires further study.

Roles of tumor necrosis factor alpha on sperm acrosin activity and acrosome reaction

Aim: To study the roles of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) on the sperm acrosin activity and acrosome reaction. Methods: The sperm acrosin activity was tested by the method of BAEE/ ADH Unity and the acrosome reaction by the Triple-stain technique. Results: TNF-α decreased the sperm acrosin activity and acrosome reaction (P<0.01; P<0.01, respectively); it also inhibited the Ca2+-ATPase activity and SOD activity in sperm (P< 0.05; P<0.001, respectively), but increased the NOS activity and the amount of NO in sperm (P<0.001; P<0.001, respectively). While it had a less significant effect on the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase (P>0.05). Conclusion: TNF-α inhibits the sperm acrosin activity and acrosome reaction.

安徽省人类精子库志愿者精液质量与生活方式的关联研究

目的探究安徽省人类精子库捐精志愿者的生活方式与精液质量关联性。方法收集2021年1月-2023年12月在安徽省人类精子库捐精的1222名志愿者的人口学特征及生活方式,分析其与精液质量的相关性。结果单因素卡方分析表明非学生、频繁自慰者、禁欲时长、低运动频率、经常熬夜、吸烟、饮酒和短睡眠时长与精液参数异常有显著关联(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析进一步指出,非学生身份、禁欲时长、缺乏充足睡眠与精液量异常相关;禁欲时长、运动频率、熬夜、吸烟和睡眠时长与精液浓度和精子活力异常显著相关(P<0.05)。结论精液质量与志愿者的生活方式(禁欲时间、熬夜、睡眠时间、吸烟、饮酒及运动频率)密切相关。

表达外源基因SPAM1重组CAV-2溶瘤病毒的构建与拯救

旨在研究犬腺病毒-2型(canine adenovirus type 2,CAV-2)作为溶瘤病毒的潜力并进一步探索精子黏附因子(SPAM1)协同CAV-2重塑肿瘤微环境在肿瘤免疫治疗中的应用价值。本研究以P15A-CAV-2反向遗传操作平台为基础,使用RED/ET同源重组系统构建携带SPAM1外源基因的中间载体,使用中间载体将CAV-2骨架载体E3区域缺失并替换SPAM1外源基因表达盒。再利用合成引物敲除kmccdB反向筛选表达盒构建P15A-CAV-2-mCMV-SPAM1-SV40 polyA感染性克隆质粒并在MDCK-E1A细胞系中拯救重组溶瘤病毒,对重组病毒体外溶瘤效应进行验证。根据测序与酶切验证结果证明,本研究成功构建并拯救出稳定表达外源基因SPAM1的重组溶瘤病毒1株;IFA试验证明,重组毒株能够高水平稳定表达外源基因且外源蛋白具有可弥散分布于细胞间的特点。缺失E3区域表达外源基因SPAM1的重组溶瘤病毒通过光镜观察和CCK8检测发现具有对犬癌细胞系A72强烈的杀伤效应。综上,本研究成功构建1株具有良好溶瘤效应的重组CAV-2,为后续应用于宠物肿瘤治疗奠定了基础。

睾丸显微取精术结局预测指标的研究进展

非梗阻性无精子症(NOA)是指由于睾丸精子发生障碍而导致精液中无精子,但睾丸中可能仍存在多处或孤立的生精灶。由于通过取精手术仍能在睾丸内获取到精子,NOA男性也可以借助ICSI生育自己的生物学后代。不同于传统睾丸取精手术,睾丸显微取精术(M-TESE)借助手术显微镜对睾丸组织进行显微解剖以寻找精子发生灶,大大提高了精子的获取率。虽然M-TESE是NOA患者获取精子的最佳方法,但阳性率不高。目前缺乏更准确的预测指标,因此生精灶的定性和定位诊断具有重要意义。本文旨在对M-TESE结局的预测因素以及未来可能具有应用价值的预测技术进行总结,为NOA的临床诊疗和研究提供参考。

2019-2020年上海地区精子库有生育力男性精液质量及与季节变化关联性研究

目的:分析2019-2020年上海地区精子库有生育力男性精液质量及与季节变化的相关性。方法:回顾性收集2019年1月-2020年12月在复旦大学人类精子库捐献志愿者中770例有生育力男性初次精液样本检查数据,以同期上海地区气象学意义季节分组。采用多元线性回归分析季节变化与精液质量的相关性。结果:春、夏、秋、冬季节各组精液量分别为3.41±1.57ml、3.19±1.47ml、3.20±1.55ml、3.27±1.57ml,精子浓度分别为(69.88±32.29)×10^(6)/ml、(67.45±34.25)×10^(6)/ml、(62.36±28.04)×10^(6)/ml、(74.39±34.65)×10^(6)/ml,春季组和冬季组高于秋季组(P<0.05);前向运动率分别为(48.02±13.30)%、(47.83±11.53)%、(46.90±12.10)%、(47.31±11.52)%;精子总数分别为(237.41±144.09)×10^(6)/ml、(211.55±141.00)×10^(6)/ml、(200.47±130.77)×10^(6)/ml、(242.54±160.10)×10^(6)/ml,冬季组高于夏季组和秋季组(P<0.05)。季节因素影响25~29岁男性精子前向运动率(β=-0.148,P=0.049)。结论:本次调查季节因素是上海地区精子库捐精有生育力男性精液质量变化的影响因素之一,季节因素影响25~29岁年龄者精子前向运动率。

《世界卫生组织人类精液检查与处理实验室手册》版本演变及临床意义

精液分析是男性生育力评估的基石,《世界卫生组织人类精液检查与处理实验室手册》是公认的精液分析指南,为全世界精液检查程序的标准化和参考值提供了基础。自第1版问世以来已经过去了40余年,期间用于评价精液质量的实验室方法发生了显著变化,检测的精确度和准确性得到了提高。随着男科学和生殖医学的不断进步及辅助生殖技术的出现和进展,该手册不断更新并引入新的、基于循证医学的检测方法,除了进行精液常规分析,还可以评估精子功能以满足临床需要。2021年第6版发布,提供了满足评估男性生殖功能、生育保健、不育症的诊断与治疗所需实验室程序的最新循证信息。本文对手册的演变进行了梳理和分析,并强调了更新之处及其临床应用价值,希望其能够获得广泛接受和应用。

高龄女性IVF/ICSI无可利用胚胎危险因素探讨

目的:探讨高龄女性体外受精(in vitro fertilization,IVF)/卵胞质内单精子注射(intracytoplasmic sperm injection,ICSI)周期取卵后无可利用胚胎的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2015年1月—2021年12月在河北省生殖健康医院生殖中心行IVF/ICSI助孕的高龄女性共569个取卵周期,其中95个无可利用胚胎周期作为研究组,474个有可利用胚胎的周期作为对照组。2组女性按年龄分为3个亚组:35~39岁为G1组,40~42岁为G2组,43~45岁为G3组。比较各组患者的促排卵情况和实验室指标。结果:2组间相应年龄亚组患者的年龄、不孕年限、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、基础卵泡刺激素(follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH)、基础雌二醇(estradio,E2)、抗苗勒管激素(anti-Müllerian hormone,AMH)和启动日窦卵泡计数(antral follicle count,AFC)比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。2组扳机日黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)水平在G2亚组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);扳机日E2水平、卵泡输出率(follicular output rate,FORT)在G1、G2亚组间比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);扳机日优势卵泡计数(preponderance follicle count,PFC)在3个亚组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);促性腺激素(gonadotropin,Gn)用量、Gn天数、扳机作用时间、扳机日孕酮(progesterone,P)水平和扳机日E2/PFC在3个亚组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。获卵数、MⅡ卵数、受精总数、卵裂总数、双原核(two pronuclei,2PN)数和2PN卵裂数在3个亚组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,不孕年限是取卵后无可利用胚胎的危险因素,而扳机日PFC增加是保护因素。结论:高龄女性IVF/ICSI助孕中,随着不孕年限的增加,无可移植胚胎的发生率增加,而高PFC可能降低无可移植胚胎的发生风险。

卵巢微环境内邻苯二甲酸酯暴露与炎性因子水平的关系

目的:评估卵巢微环境内邻苯二甲酸酯(phthalates,PAEs)暴露与炎性因子水平的关系。方法:纳入2020年4—12月接受体外受精/卵胞质内单精子注射-胚胎移植治疗的64例患者,测定其卵泡液内10种邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物(phthalate metabolites,mPAEs)及2种炎性因子的水平。通过多元线性回归模型评估卵巢微环境内mPAEs暴露与炎性因子水平的关系,并进一步按年龄分层分析。结果:卵泡液中邻苯二甲酸单丁酯(MBP)水平与肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)水平(β=0.446,P=0.003)及白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)水平(β=0.425,P=0.003)均呈正相关,邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基-5-氧己基)单酯(MEOHP)水平与TNF-α水平呈正相关(β=0.411,P=0.019)。在分层分析中,年龄≥30岁组卵泡液中MBP水平与TNF-α水平(β=0.667,P=0.000)及IL-6水平(β=0.407,P=0.028)均呈正相关,在年龄<30岁组内未观察到mPAEs与炎症因子之间存在关联。结论:PAEs暴露可影响卵泡液中炎性因子水平,提示PAEs暴露可能带来卵巢微环境炎症负荷的改变。

血清TNF-α、FS、Sp17Ab对子宫内膜异位症合并不孕症患者腹腔镜术后IVF-ET助孕妊娠结局的预测价值

目的探讨血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、卵泡抑素(FS)、抗精子蛋白17抗体(Sp17Ab)对子宫内膜异位症(EMT)合并不孕症患者腹腔镜术后体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)助孕妊娠结局的预测价值。方法选择2020年1月至2022年2月在空军军医大学第二附属医院接受腹腔镜手术后IVF-ET助孕的EMT合并不孕症患者157例为研究对象,根据临床妊娠结果分为妊娠组和未妊娠组。比较两组IVF-ET助孕前血清TNF-α、FS和Sp17Ab水平,采用多因素Logistic回归分析IVF-ET助孕妊娠结局的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清TNF-α、FS、Sp17Ab对IVF-ET助孕失败的预测价值。结果妊娠组IVF-ET助孕前血清TNF-α、FS、Sp17Ab水平均低于未妊娠组(P<0.05)。妊娠组美国生殖医学学会(ASRM)分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者占比低于未妊娠组,EMT生育指数(EFI)、基础促黄体生成素(LH)、基础促卵泡激素(FSH)高于未妊娠组,而获卵数、可移植胚胎数多于未妊娠组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,ASRM分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期及TNF-α、FS、Sp17Ab水平升高是IVF-ET助孕的独立危险因素(P<0.05),EFI升高、获卵数增多、可移植胚胎数增多是IVF-ET助孕的保护因素(P<0.05)。血清TNF-α、FS、Sp17Ab单项及联合检测预测IVF-ET助孕失败的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.691、0.775、0.688和0.862,联合检测的预测效能优于各指标单独检测。结论血清TNF-α、FS、Sp17Ab与EMT合并不孕症患者腹腔镜术后IVF-ET助孕妊娠结局具有密切的关系,联合检测TNF-α、FS、Sp17Ab对EMT合并不孕症患者腹腔镜术后IVF-ET助孕失败具有较高的预测价值。

Can DNA fragmentation of neat or swim-up spermatozoa be used to predict pregnancy following ICSI of fertile oocyte donors？

This study compared the potential of assessing sperm DNA fragmentation （SDF） from neat semen and the subsequent swim-up （SU） procedure to predict pregnancy when conducting ICSI of fertile donor oocytes. Infertile females （n=81） were transferred embryos resulting from intracytoplasmic sperm injection （ICSI） of their partner＇s spermatozoa and proven donor oocytes. This model normalized the impact of female factor in putative sperm DNA repair. Semen was blindly assessed for SDF using Halosperm immediately following ejaculation （NS） and after swim-up at the time of ICSI fertilisation. There was a decrease in SDF values of the ejaculated semen sample following the swim-up protocol （P=0.000）. Interestingly, pregnancy could be equally predicted from SDF values derived from either neat or swim-up semen samples. Receiver operator curves and the derived Youden＇s indices determined SDF cutoff values for NS and SU of 24.8% and 17.5%, respectively. Prediction of pregnancy from NS SDF had a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 69%, whereas for SU SDF was 78% and 73%, respectively. While increased levels of SDF negatively impact reproductive outcome, we have shown that a reduction in SDF following sperm selection using ICSI with proven donor oocytes is not mandatory for achieving pregnancy. This suggests that a certain level of DNA damage that is not detectable using current technologies could be impacting on the relative success of assisted reproductive technology （ART） procedures. Consequently, we propose a modification of the so called ＇iceberg model＇ as a possible rationale for understanding the role of SDF in reproductive outcome.

The ability of sperm selection techniques to remove single- or double-strand DNA damage

A wide variety of techniques for the preparation of sperm are currently available, of which the most commonly employed are densitygradient centrifugation （DGC） and swim-up （SUP）. To date, these methods appear to be effective in selecting functional sperm for assisted reproduction techniques （ART）, but they may have negative effects on sperm DNA. In this study, the ability of these semen processing techniques to eliminate spermatozoa containing single- and double-strand DNA damage was assessed by the two-tailed comet assay and the sperm chromatin dispersion test in 157 semen samples from patients seeking assisted reproduction treatment. Our results indicated that SUP and DGC are equally efficient in eliminating spermatozoa containing double-strand DNA damage and sperm with highly damaged （degraded） DNA, as characterized by the presence of both single- and double-strand DNA breaks. However, DGC is more efficient than SUP in selecting spermatozoa that are free from single-strand DNA damage. Future studies should characterise the importance of the various types of DNA damage and examine the sperm processing protocols used in each laboratory to determine their ability to eliminate DNA damage and hence, prevent the potential transmission of genetic mutations via ART.

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection in cases with a history of in vitro fertilization failure

<abstract>Aim: To evaluate the effect of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in the management of cases with a history of conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) failure. Methods: Two groups of patients, 19 with normal semen parameters and a history of IVF failure (metaphase Ⅱ oocytes: 0~30 %) and 28 with severe male factor infertility received ICSI technology during the same period. Ovarian stimulation was achieved by conventional procedure. Transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte collection was done 35~37 h after human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) injection. Only metaphase Ⅱ oocytes were selected for microinjection. Results: Fertilization was achieved with ICSI in all the patients. The fertilization rate (75.6 %±21.1 % vs. 73.9 %±19.2 %), cleavage rate (85.1 %±19.3 % vs. 82.7 %±22.1 %), clinical pregnancy rate per embryo transfer cycle (31.6 % vs. 28.6 %) and implantation rate per embryo (15.3 % vs. 14.4 %) did not differ significantly between the two groups. Conclusion: ICSI is a valuable method for couples with a history of IVF failure. These patients may have a similar ICSI result as in severe male infertility.

The usefulness and significance of assessing rapidly progressive spermatozoa

It is possible and clinically relevant to distinguish between slow and rapid progressive spermatozoa in basic semen analysis. This is discussed in light of the different purposes of semen analysis for the subfertile couple and the male patient. The two groups of progressive spermatozoa should be distinguished to help ensure that pertinent information available in the semen sample is not neglected.

Physiological Roles of Platelet-activating Factor in Mammalian and Human Reproduction

This review described origination, biosynthesis and functions of platelet-activating factor （PAF） in the reproductive system of mammals and human beings. The article mainly focused on biological roles of the phospholipid mediator in sperm fertilization and embryonic implantation. As an autocrine product of sperm and embryos, PAF markedly stimulates sperm motility and fertilization and serves as a capacitation factor in a ligand-receptor manner, After fertilization, embryo-derived PAF improves its own development, especially from fertilized ova to blastocyst stage and is thought to act as an embryo growth factor in the same manner as on sperm. Its mechanism of action was also clarified. At the end, it was presented some advances in its clinical application, followed by discussion of some issues possibly concerning in its current application.

Single sperm selection and DNA fragmentation analysis: The case of MSOME/IMSI

Sperm of poor quality may affect syngamy after fertilization, embryo development up to the blastocyst stage and reproductive outcome. Subsequently, sperm selection based on morphological characteristics and sperm DNA quality may help to partially avoid these problems. Today, highly efficient sperm selection based on morphological characteristics can be attained using the motile sperm organelle morphology (MSOME) examination, and the spermatozoa selected can be used for ICSI through a fertilization strategy known as intra-cytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection (IMSI). The aim of this investigation was to develop a simple methodology to assess sperm DNA fragmentation in single spermatozoa following MSOME/ IMSI, to test the hypothesis that morphologically normal spermatozoa, with an absence of vacuolization, is free of DNA damage. The results indicated that MSOME/IMSI-selected sperm, combined with the Sperm Chromatin Dispersion test (SCD;Oligo-Halosperm), can be reliably used to assess sperm DNA damage in selected single spermatozoa (75% average efficiency), thereby establishing a direct relationship between a good morphological pattern on the sperm and a good DNA quality. Furthermore, results showed spermatozoa presenting a normal morphology and no traces of vacuolization to be fully free of DNA damage. However, traces of vacuolization and more severe morphological alterations were accompanied by significant increases in the proportion of sperm containing a damaged DNA molecule. Interestingly, subtle morphological differences observed between normal and non-vacuolated and normal but vacuolated sperm exhibited significant differrences in the ability of the SCD-Oligo-Halosperm treated sperm to expand DNA fibers following protein depletion.

Sperm Quality and Environment: A Retrospective, Cohort Study among 21,715 Semen Samples in a Southern Province of China

To explore the differences of male semen parameters in different seasons of the year, so as to explore the potential climatic factors affecting spermatogenesis and male reproductive ability, we retrospectively analyzed 21,715 semen analysis data from January 2018 to February 2021, grouped by year and season, and finally the relationships among semen parameters and semen and meteorological parameters were compared. Environmental exposures prior to 3 months were analyzed and correlation analysis was performed.The semen concentration decreased year by year (p < 0.01). However, the Progressive motility (PR) and total PR number had been increased (p < 0.01). There were statistical differences in sperm parameters which include semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm number, progressive motility (PR), total PR number and total motility in different seasons, winter and spring were better than summer and autumn (p < 0.01). Total sperm number and sperm concentration were positively correlated with PR (R = 0.420, R = 0.440, p < 0.01). There was no correlation between daylight duration and semen parameters. Sperm parameters were positively or negatively correlated with environmental temperature, air pressure or humidity which had an overall effect on semen quality. It is suggested that seasonal factors should be considered when evaluating male reproductive ability. Besides referring to conventional semen parameters, other factors such as season and climate should also be considered.

哺乳动物精子获能信号通路及检测方法研究进展

哺乳动物精子与卵细胞结合完成受精前,获能是关键环节之一。精子获能伴随着许多生理生化过程的改变,包括离子含量的改变、质膜重组、胆固醇外排和蛋白质的酪氨酸磷酸化等,此外,去能因子能使精子顺利完成受精。通过这些变化可以检测精子的获能状态,常用的检测方法主要有sAC-cAMP-PKA通路检测、质膜流动性变化检测、胆固醇再次分布检测、酪氨酸磷酸化检测和顶体反应检测等。对哺乳动物精子获能过程中涉及的信号通路、信号分子、调节因子、离子通道以及精子获能检测方法的研究进展进行综述,并对未来主要研究方向进行展望,以期为精子体外培养及辅助生殖技术的应用等提供参考。

VC患者HIF-1α、IL-1β水平与精子质量的关系及对术后恢复情况的评估价值

目的 探讨精索静脉曲张(VC)患者血清低氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)、白细胞介素(IL)-1β水平与精子质量的关系及对术后恢复情况的评估价值。方法 选取2020年2月至2021年4月该院接受显微镜下精索静脉曲张结扎术(MCV)治疗的VC患者128例作为研究组,根据术后1年内配偶受孕情况分为配偶受孕组和配偶未孕组,选取同期该院生育功能正常的体检者64例作为对照组。比较各组血清HIF-1α、IL-1β水平、精子质量(精液量、精子浓度、精子活力、精子存活率),分析血清HIF-1α、IL-1β水平与精子质量的相关性,采用多因素Cox回归分析配偶未孕的独立影响因素,采用受试者工作特征曲线分析血清HIF-1α、IL-1β水平对配偶未孕的评估价值。结果 研究组术后3个月血清HIF-1α、IL-1β水平低于术前,精液量、精子浓度、精子活力、精子存活率高于术前(P<0.05);研究组术前、术后3个月血清HIF-1α、IL-1β水平高于对照组,精液量、精子浓度、精子活力、精子存活率低于对照组(P<0.05);术前血清HIF-1α、IL-1β水平与精液量、精子活力、精子存活率、精子浓度呈强负相关(P<0.05),术后3个月血清HIF-1α、IL-1β水平与精液量、精子活力、精子存活率、精子浓度呈弱负相关(P<0.05);校正抗精子抗体阳性、临床分度后,术后3个月血清HIF-1α、IL-1β水平升高均为配偶未孕的独立危险因素(P<0.05);HIF-1α、IL-1β联合评估配偶未孕的曲线下面积(AUC)大于单独指标评估的AUC(P<0.05)。结论 VC患者MCV术后精液质量明显升高,血清HIF-1α、IL-1β水平降低,且血清HIF-1α、IL-1β水平与精液质量密切相关,临床可根据HIF-1α、IL-1β检测结果判断VC患者术后恢复情况。