沙蒿尖翅吉丁幼虫危害特性和空间格局研究

油蒿（Artemisia ordosica Krasch.）为菊科蒿属半灌木,具有耐旱、耐瘠薄、抗风蚀、喜沙埋、结实丰富、采种容易、生长迅速、固沙作用强等特点,是我国重要的荒漠灌木林植物,在荒漠化防治中具有特殊的重要作用。近年来,由于生态环境的改变,灾害性天气频发,我国内蒙古、宁夏、

沙蒿钻蛀性害虫初步研究

沙蒿是内蒙古西部荒漠草原的重要植物。近年来由于害虫为害,沙蒿死亡严重。危害沙蒿的害虫中以钻蛀为害的种类较多且为害较重,是导致沙蒿死亡的主要因素之一。本文根据2009年5月的实地调查,对沙蒿大粒象、沙蒿木蠹蛾、沙蒿圆吉丁虫的幼虫形态、生物学特征进行了初步研究,并且对沙蒿的受害情况进行了调查。另外进一步对沙蒿吉丁虫分布型进行了研究分析。

Damage characteristics of three boring pests in Artemisia ordosica

The population density and distribution of the three major boring pests, Holcocerus artemisiae, Sphenoptera sp. and Adosopius sp. were studied in their host plant Artemisia ordosica. Results show that the larvae ofH. artemisiae mainly bore the rhizome ofA. ordosica, but also the larvae of Sphenoptera sp. and Adosopius sp. bore the rhizome of A. ordosica. The adults of Sphenoptera sp. and Adosopius sp. feed on the leaves of A. ordosica as a nutritional supplement. The distribution of the larvae of three pests in their host plant is completely different. H. artemisiae and Sphenoptera sp. are distributed in the whole A. ordosica plant. The newly hatched larvae first feed on the phloem and xylem of stem and then burrow to the roots before the winter of the same year. However, ,4dosopius sp. is distributed mainly in the roots. The newly hatched larvae move from the phloem to the xylem, and gradually damage the lower part of the trunk. The larvae of the three pests sometimes coexist in a single A. ordosica plant. However, the probability of the coexistence of the three pests is very small. The highest probability of coexistence of two pests was observed in Sphenoptera sp. and H. artemisiae, while the probability of coexistence of Sphenoptera sp. and Adosopius sp. as well as H. artemisiae and Adosopius sp. was smaller. The reasons for coexistence or its avoidance are not only related to the amount of food provided nor the volume of larval living space in a single A. ordosica plant, but also related to the development characteristics of different kinds of larvae and interspecific competition.

油蒿主要钻蛀性害虫的危害特性调查研究

对油蒿上3种主要钻蛀性害虫的危害特性进行了详细研究,结果表明:沙蒿木蠹蛾主要以幼虫蛀食油蒿的根茎部,而沙蒿圆吉丁和沙蒿大粒象除以幼虫危害根茎部以外,还以成虫取食油蒿叶片作为营养补充。3种害虫的幼虫在油蒿上的分布位置完全不同,沙蒿木蠹蛾和沙蒿圆吉丁在整株油蒿上均有分布,初孵幼虫首先取食茎部的韧皮部和木质部,于同年入冬前转移至根部危害;而沙蒿大粒象则主要分布在根部,初孵幼虫从韧皮部到木质部,逐渐向下危害。

内蒙古阿拉善左旗沙蒿尖翅吉丁生物学特性初步研究

沙蒿尖翅吉丁为沙蒿的一种毁灭性蛀干害虫,寄主为白沙蒿,在阿拉善左旗一年一代,以幼虫在浅层木质部蛀建蛀道越冬,第2年4月开始化蛹。5月底到7月底为成虫期和卵期,为防治适期。

沙蒿尖翅吉丁生物学特性的研究

沙蒿尖翅吉丁Sphenoptera sp.是黑沙蒿上主要的钻蛀性害虫,引起沙蒿长势下降甚至死亡。对其形态特征及生物学特征的观察和研究结果表明:该虫在宁夏1年发生1代,以各龄幼虫在被害沙蒿根部越冬。老熟幼虫于4月中下旬开始化蛹,成虫始见于5月上旬,羽化期有两个高峰,分别是5、6月下旬。成虫羽化后并不马上离开蛹室,2～3d后咬出羽化孔,钻出蛹室。成虫需取食沙蒿叶片补充营养,2～7d后开始交尾,集中在13:00-16:30,雌雄成虫均可多次交尾。幼虫常多头聚集危害同一株沙蒿。大多数老熟幼虫在距坑道端部5mm处的根部化蛹,少数在直径为5～8mm的较粗的枝条内化蛹。沙蒿尖翅吉丁幼虫期有2种寄生性天敌,蛹期和成虫期各有1种寄生性天敌。