The formation of multiple oxygen intermediates supporting efficient oxygen evolution reaction(OER)are affinitive with hydroxyl adsorption.However,ability of the catalyst to capture hydroxyl and maintain the continuous...The formation of multiple oxygen intermediates supporting efficient oxygen evolution reaction(OER)are affinitive with hydroxyl adsorption.However,ability of the catalyst to capture hydroxyl and maintain the continuous supply at active sits remains a tremendous challenge.Herein,an affordable Ni2P/FeP2 heterostructure is presented to form the internal polarization field(IPF),arising hydroxyl spillover(HOSo)during OER.Facilitated by IPF,the oriented HOSo from FeP2 to Ni2P can activate the Ni site with a new hydroxyl transmission channel and build the optimized reaction path of oxygen intermediates for lower adsorption energy,boosting the OER activity(242 mV vs.RHE at 100 mA cm-2)for least 100 h.More interestingly,for the anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer(AEMWE)with low concentration electrolyte,the advantage of HOSo effect is significantly amplified,delivering 1 A cm^(-2)at a low cell voltage of 1.88 V with excellent stability for over 50 h.展开更多
Utilizing provincial panel data from 2014 to 2020,this study employs a fixed effect model,a threshold effect model,and a spatial lag model to empirically examine the correlation between digital economic development an...Utilizing provincial panel data from 2014 to 2020,this study employs a fixed effect model,a threshold effect model,and a spatial lag model to empirically examine the correlation between digital economic development and carbon productivity.The findings indicate that digital economic development significantly contributes to the enhancement of carbon productivity in the long term.Furthermore,through instrumental variable method,replacement of explanatory variables and other methods to test its endogeneity and stability,the results remain robust.In terms of regional heterogeneity,the impact of digital economic development on carbon productivity is less pronounced in the central and western regions compared to the eastern region.Additionally,further investigation reveals that industrial structure upgrading and science and technology investment level exhibit different threshold effects on the influence of digital economy development level on carbon productivity.Moreover,there is a significant spatial spillover effect of digital economy development on carbon productivity with H-H and L-L agglomeration spatial correlation.展开更多
Spillover effects play a crucial role in hindering the effective implementation of green behavior.Whether it pertains to enterprises or individuals,engaging in green behavior often leads to increased costs.However,the...Spillover effects play a crucial role in hindering the effective implementation of green behavior.Whether it pertains to enterprises or individuals,engaging in green behavior often leads to increased costs.However,the benefits derived from green behavior cannot be fully recouped but rather spill over and benefit other non-green entities,thereby undermining the incentives for companies or individuals to engage in green practices.The study categorizes the spillover effects of corporate green investment into three aspects based on the channels through which they occur:environmental spillover,inter-industry spillover(vertical spillover),and intra-industry spillover(horizontal spillover).While these three spillover mechanisms work in tandem with green behavior,existing literature has predominantly focused on the "free-rider " effect of environmental spillover and horizontal spillover,neglecting the impact of vertical spillover.Additionally,this paper provides a comprehensive review of measures aimed at incentivizing corporate green investment.Current government-level measures often overlook the multifaceted nature of spillover effects stemming from green behavior and the factors influencing corporate decision-making in this regard,resulting in various limitations and deficiencies.The paper argues that,besides relying solely on direct interventions from external actors such as the government or society,a more significant emphasis should be placed on enhancing the role of enterprises as a fundamental approach.This involves fostering the endogenous capacity of enterprises to generate green investment and facilitating a beneficial interaction that respects corporate autonomy.Consequently,policymakers should consider multiple dimensions of spillover effects and design appropriate mechanisms that leverage the inherent capabilities of enterprises,thus stimulating green investment.This approach represents a crucial area for future research that warrants further in-depth inve stigation.展开更多
The development of society and the advancement of science and technology have led to the widespread integration of digital transformation in the field of education.However,the current establishment of green schools fa...The development of society and the advancement of science and technology have led to the widespread integration of digital transformation in the field of education.However,the current establishment of green schools faces various challenges,including non-environmental building facilities,high renovation costs,low organizational management efficiency,high energy consumption,outdated office tools,and insufficient environmental awareness among teachers and students.Through thorough research and analysis,it becomes evident that digital technology can play a pivotal role in addressing these challenges and contribute to all aspects of green school establishment.The incorporation of digital thinking concepts is essential for the construction of ecologically civilized campuses and inclusive innovation.The process of digital design and transformation proves instrumental in optimizing both software and hardware facilities within the campus,thereby reducing energy consumption.Simultaneously,comprehensive digital teaching management enhances overall efficiency in management and service delivery.Innovative digital teaching and learning models emerge as transformative tools,providing new avenues to create low-carbon,green classrooms for both teachers and students.By exploring the application of digital transformation in establishing green schools and examining the resulting spillover effects,valuable insights can be gained.These insights,in turn,serve as reference points for building diversified digital technology paths on campus and fostering the creation of green schools.展开更多
The volatility spillover effect between the foreign exchange and stock markets has been a major issue in economic and financial studies.In this paper,GC-MSV model was used to study the spillover effect between the for...The volatility spillover effect between the foreign exchange and stock markets has been a major issue in economic and financial studies.In this paper,GC-MSV model was used to study the spillover effect between the foreign exchange market and the stock market after the reform of the RMB exchange rate mechanism.The empirical results show that there is a negative correlation of dynamic price spillovers between the foreign exchange and stock markets.There are asymmetric volatility spillover effects between these two markets for both RMB stages—continued RMB appreciation or constant RMB shock(a significant reduction in appreciation).However,this has been reduced over time.In conclusion,The RMB exchange rate is a key variable that can affect the internal and external equilibrium of the national economy in an open economic environment,and the stock market is capable of quickly reflecting subtle changes in the real economy.In order to keep the stability of the financial markets and the healthy and rapid development of national economy,some suggestions were proposed.展开更多
Based on analysis of the theoretical impact of energy consumption on air quality,taking 20 heavily polluted cities in the Yangtze River Delta of China as the object,we construct a Spatial Dubin Model,and estimate the ...Based on analysis of the theoretical impact of energy consumption on air quality,taking 20 heavily polluted cities in the Yangtze River Delta of China as the object,we construct a Spatial Dubin Model,and estimate the effect of energy consumption on air quality and the spatial spillover effects of air pollution.We come to the following conclusions:First,the regional air quality has significant spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity.Second,under three kinds of spatial associated mode,energy consumption has a negative impact on air quality,and the air pollution arising from energy consumption has a negative intra-regional spillover effect.The effect is strongest under the spatial distance weight matrix,followed by the economic distance,and the adjacent spatial weight matrix,which are−0.7926,−0.4547,and−0.4539,respectively.Third,in addition,under the adjacent space and economic distance space matrix,energy consumption has a significant negative effect on air quality,and the inter-regional spillover effects are−0.1513 and−2.5736,respectively.Meanwhile,considering spatial distance and economic development,the inter-regional spillover effect is much larger than is the intra-regional spillover effect.In general,the total spillover effect is at−0.6053 and−3.0284.展开更多
China's technological efforts to tackle climate change have lasted for many years. It is necessary to test the effect of these efforts with quantitative method. To be exact, whether and how China's low-carbon ...China's technological efforts to tackle climate change have lasted for many years. It is necessary to test the effect of these efforts with quantitative method. To be exact, whether and how China's low-carbon technology innovation responds to climate change should be tested. Based on the2004-2015 panel data of 30 provinces in China, we use the method of ESDA analyzing the spatial correlation of China's low-carbon innovation technology. Furthermore, we use the spatial Durbin model empirically analyzing the spatial spillover effects. The results obtained are as follows: first,supply and demand of Chinese low-carbon innovation has some deviation in the spatial distribution. The low-carbon technology innovation as the supply factor shows the characteristics of expanding from the east to the west. Innovation in eastern China has always been the most active, but innovative activities in the middle and western China are gradually decreased.However, carbon emissions have the characteristics of moving westward, implying the change of technology demand different from technology supply. Second, China's low-carbon innovation actively responds to the trend of climate change, indicating China's technological efforts have paid off. However, the spatial spillover effects are not significant, showing that the efforts in each region of China still work for himself. Third, environmental regulation and market pull are important factors for low-carbon technology innovation. Among them, both supporting policy and inhibitory policy have significant impact on the local low-carbon technology innovation, but no significant spatial spillover effects. It shows that environmental policies in different regions are competitive and lack of demonstration effects. Economic growth and export as market pull have higher level of effect on low-carbon technology innovation for both local and adjacent areas.Some policy implications are proposed based on these results finally.展开更多
Interaction of environmental pollution between peripheral areas has become a central topic in the field of resources and environment but little is known about the actual impact on peripheral areas in the current liter...Interaction of environmental pollution between peripheral areas has become a central topic in the field of resources and environment but little is known about the actual impact on peripheral areas in the current literature.This paper sets out a simultaneous equation model to investigate the spillover effect of environmental pollution between China's peripheral areas utilizing the panel data of 218 cities in China.Making use of indicators for measuring the impact on environmental pollution,it identifies that environmental pollution between cities of China has a significant two-way spillover effect.After standardization of variables,it is found that the spillover effect of peripheral areas on urban environmental pollution cannot be neglected.Nearly,a third of the environmental pollution level in a city is induced by the environmental pollution in peripheral areas.If the indicator of environmental pollution in peripheral areas is missing,wrong conclusions will be drawn.Therefore,government should shift the emphasis of environmental regulation from local to global,and improve the overall environmental quality through coordinated management of regional environment.展开更多
Sharp fluctuation of soybean prices in international and domestic markets has caused big risks for both domestic soybean producers and processing enterprises in recent years. It also increases the difficulties in impl...Sharp fluctuation of soybean prices in international and domestic markets has caused big risks for both domestic soybean producers and processing enterprises in recent years. It also increases the difficulties in implementing price stabilization policy for the government. This paper analyzes the volatility spillovers in soybean prices between international and domestic markets using the multivariate VAR-BEKK-GARCH model based on the data set from December 22,2004 to December 19,2014. The estimate results indicate that there are volatility spillover effects from domestic futures market to spot market and bilateral spillover between international futures market and domestic spot market. In order to prevent market manipulation and to reduce the impacts of price volatility in international soybean market on Chinese market,this paper proposes the following policy measures such as establishing early warning mechanism for soybean price fluctuations,improving soybean futures contract design and strengthening trading risk management mechanism,amplifying information disclosure system,and regularizing speculation activities of big traders.展开更多
By referring to attribution theory,influence factor and internal mechanism of crisis brand generating two kinds of spillover effects are explored. In this paper,the influence mechanism on spillover effect is explored ...By referring to attribution theory,influence factor and internal mechanism of crisis brand generating two kinds of spillover effects are explored. In this paper,the influence mechanism on spillover effect is explored from the angles of network and industry information. Results show that high online review dispersion is easy to cause that consumer attributes the responsibility to the outside of the enterprise,while low online review dispersion is easy to cause that consumer attributes the responsibility to the inside of the enterprise; high industry base rate information is easy to cause that consumer attributes the responsibility to the outside of the enterprise,while low industry base rate information is easy to cause that consumer attributes the responsibility to the inside of the enterprise. When consumer attributes the responsibility to the outside of the enterprise,infectious network spillover is easy to occur. When consumer attributes the responsibility to the inside of the enterprise,contrast network spillover is easy to occur. Consumer's existing brand knowledge regulates the influence of online review dispersion on responsibility attribution and the influence of industry base rate information on responsibility attribution. Research result could provide effective theoretic reference and management suggestion for crisis enterprise and even whole industry responding to product injury crisis.展开更多
This paper makes an empirical analysis of the spatial spillover effect of regional economic growth by using Moran’s I and Spatial Durbin Model to study the input and output of technological progress, with the panel d...This paper makes an empirical analysis of the spatial spillover effect of regional economic growth by using Moran’s I and Spatial Durbin Model to study the input and output of technological progress, with the panel data of 21 prefecture-level cities in Guangdong Province from 2008 to 2017. The empirical results show that the spatial autocorrelation exists in the economic development of Guangdong Province, and both the input and output of scientific research innovation have a significant positive effect on the regional economic growth. Under the spatial contiguity weights matrix, the output of scientific research and innovation has a more obvious spillover effect on the economic growth of neighboring cities than the input of scientific research and innovation.展开更多
As a type of non-renewable industrial resource,petroleum is of great strategic significance to the development of each nation.Ever since the 19th century,an array of oil crises have incurred certain downturn of the wo...As a type of non-renewable industrial resource,petroleum is of great strategic significance to the development of each nation.Ever since the 19th century,an array of oil crises have incurred certain downturn of the world economy.Pertinent studies have implied that financial crisis is always prone to be accompanied with oil crisis,yet the relevance of crude oil to the stock market,the barometer of the macro-economy,is ambiguous.In order to avoid the risks induced by the volatility of oil price,the oil futures market has appeared,and at the same time,the financial property of crude oil has become far more evident.Owing to lack of mature mining and refining technology,China still imports large amounts of oil from abroad at present.Thus,the economy of China is susceptible to fluctuation in petroleum price.As for Australia,the only net importer among the member countries of the International Energy Agency(IEA),it fails to attain the target of holding 90 days of fuel reserves set by the agency.However,in 2013,Australian Lincoln Energy announced that a gigantic shale oil field with an estimated value of 21 trillion US dollars was found in the South of Australia,and that if that field is mined,Australia has the possibility to turn into a net exporter of crude oil.It can be expected that the Australia’s economic conditions would be closely related to the international oil to a certain extent.Based on the approaches of the first difference and co-integration,this paper delves into the volatility spillover effect of crude oil futures on the Chinese and Australian stock markets.According to the empirical findings,in the short run,the price of crude oil futures has a greater impact on the Australian composite index than on the Chinese composite index.However,crude oil futures are negatively related to the Chinese composite index in the long run.The price of crude oil futures has no significant impact on the Chinese sector indices,but it has a certain impact on the Australian utilities,energy,materials,and industrial sector indices.In the Chinese stock market,the movement of short-run effect to long-run effect of crude oil futures on sector indices is in the reverse direction.Finally,the price of crude oil futures has a significant volatility spillover effect only on the Australian utilities sector index.展开更多
Previous studies focus on the direct impacts of environmental regulations while paying less attention to spillover effects.Taking the Eleventh Five-year Plan in China as a quasi-natural experiment,our results show tha...Previous studies focus on the direct impacts of environmental regulations while paying less attention to spillover effects.Taking the Eleventh Five-year Plan in China as a quasi-natural experiment,our results show that environmental regulations significantly increase the tax burden of unregulated frms.Environmental regulations generate spillover effects on firms that should not be subjected to regulatory policies.Further channel analysis shows that the fiscal pressure of local governments caused by environmental regulations is a major channel for the increase in the tax burden of unregulated firms.Finally,according to the heterogeneity results,the spillover effects are more pronounced in small firms,non-state-owned enterprises,and provinces with stricter enforcement.Our findings emphasize the additional costs of environmental policies,and the government should consider these costs when formulatingpolicies.展开更多
With the increase of economic environment uncertainty,it is of great importance to study the linkage and spillover effects of economic policy uncertainty among countries.Especially,this article selects eight countries...With the increase of economic environment uncertainty,it is of great importance to study the linkage and spillover effects of economic policy uncertainty among countries.Especially,this article selects eight countries along the Belt and Road as the core countries(China,Korea,Croatia,India,Russia,Greece,Pakistan,and Singapore)and four countries(Germany,France,Japan,and UK)as the peripheral countries,and then copula technique and mixed-frequency global vector autoregressive model are employed to analyze the correlation and the spillover effect of the economic policy uncertainty(EPU)for the twelve selected countries,respectively.The proposed empirical findings show clearly that the EPU correlation among the eight core Belt and Road countries is stronger and the spillover effect of the core countries to the peripheral countries is statistically significant.As a result,for harmonious and win-win development,the Belt and Road countries should pay a close attention to the EPU,because the stability of the EPU promotes greatly the economy development.展开更多
In accordance with the purchasing tax-deduction method and the receiptbased value added tax(VAT)system,the same transaction can be recorded by two firms,which creates self-enforcement properties,thereby restraining ta...In accordance with the purchasing tax-deduction method and the receiptbased value added tax(VAT)system,the same transaction can be recorded by two firms,which creates self-enforcement properties,thereby restraining tax avoidance.Using the Replacement of Business Tax with VAT reform in China,this paper adopts a difference-in-differences design to investigate the spillover effects of VAT self-enforcement properties on corporate income tax avoidance by manually collating information about suppliers/clients of listed firms.As the listed firms’suppliers/clients switch from paying business tax to paying VAT,there is a striking decline in their corporate income tax avoidance behavior.This effect is pronounced in firms with closer upstream and downstream correlations,higher information complexity and stronger incentives for tax avoidance.展开更多
The extreme weather caused by the global warming effect has triggered huge losses to agricultural production.A hot issue for governments and scholars is how to effectively reduce carbon emission intensity in agricultu...The extreme weather caused by the global warming effect has triggered huge losses to agricultural production.A hot issue for governments and scholars is how to effectively reduce carbon emission intensity in agriculture.The agricultural farming practices that are high pollution and high energy cosuming have exacerbated the vulnerability of regional agroecosystems.The sustainable development of agriculture is faced with the two dilemmas of a low utilization rate of green resources and the serious pollution of farmland.Further,environmental and ecological carrying capacities have reached theirlimits,seriouslyhinderingtthe high-quality development of low-carbon agriculture in China.Thus,based on the panel data of 282 cities,the Spatial Dubin Model(SDM)is employed to examine the impact of agricultural mechanization on carbon emission intensity in agriculture.It is found that from 1999 to 2019 carbon emission intensity in agriculture showed an overall downward trend;as of 2019,the agricultural field had completed the target of carbon emission reduction,,oneyear aheadof schedule.From a local perspective,approximately 14.89%6of fagricultural industries in prefecture-level city have still not achieved carbon emission reduction targets,and agricultural carbon emission reduction tasks were better completed in major grain-producing areas than in nonmajor grain-producing areas.Agricultural mechanization has significantly reduced carbonemission intensityyinlocal agriculture production.The impact of agricultural mechanizationoncarbon emission intensity in agriculture has not only a significant negative spatial spillover effect but also a significant effect on spatial carbon emission reduction.Compared with non-major ggrain-producingareas,agricultural mechanization plays a greater role in reducing spatial carbon emissions in major grain-producing areas.Further studies find that agricultural mechanization is conducive to overcome difficulties,such as instability of property rights and land fragmentation,and to achieve large-scale agricultural production,thereby reducing agricultural carbon emissions in nearby regions.However,the transfer of rurallabor,adjustments to the structure of agricultural cultivation,and the centralized use of rural land restrict the development of the crossregional service market for agricultural machinery,which in turn weaken its contribution to spatial carbon emission reduction.At the end of this paper,it is suggested that Chinese governments at all levels should introduce subsidy policies for the cross-regional operation of agricultural machinery to solve the problem of their service market failure.Efforts should be made to stimulate the market to develop more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly agricultural machinery products while strictly controlling changes in the use of arableland in non-grain-producing areas,which aims to serve further agricultural mechanization and boost the high-quality development of low-carbon agriculture.展开更多
Based on provincial panel data of water footprint and grey water footprint, and with the help of data envelopment analysis model considering and without considering the unde- sirable output, this paper estimates the w...Based on provincial panel data of water footprint and grey water footprint, and with the help of data envelopment analysis model considering and without considering the unde- sirable output, this paper estimates the water resources utilization efficiency in China from 1997 to 2011. The spatial weighting matrix based on economy-spatial distance function is established to discuss spatial autocorrelation of water resources utilization efficiency. With the help of absolute/3-convergence model, this paper concludes that there exists/%convergence in the water resources utilization efficiency. Under the conditions of considering and without considering the undesirable output, it takes about 52.6 and 5.6 years respectively to achieve the extent of half of convergence. By mean of the spatial Durbin econometric model, this paper studies spatial spillover effects of the provincial water resources utilization efficiency in China. The results are as follows. 1) With considering and without considering the undesir- able output, there is significant spatial correlation in provincial water resource efficiency in China. 2) Under the two cases, the spatial autoregressive coefficients (p) are 0.278 and 0.507 respectively, at 1% significance level. There exist the spatial spillover effects of provin- cial water resources utilization efficiency. 3) With considering the undesirable output, these factors of the education funds, the transportation infrastructure, and the industrial and agri- cultural water consumption proportion have positive impacts. These factors of foreign direct investment, the industry value-added water consumption per ten thousand yuan, per capita water consumption, and the total precipitation have negative impacts. 4) Without considering the undesirable output, the factor of GDP per laborer has a greater positive significant influ- ence on the water resources utilization efficiency. However the facts of industry value-added water consumption in ten thousand yuan and the transportation infrastructure have no sig- nificant influence. 5) Regardless of undesirable output of water resources utilization efficiency the assessment of the present real water resources utilization in China will be distorted and policy-making will be misled. The water efficiency measure considering environmental factors (such as gray water footprint) is more reasonable.展开更多
Foreign direct investment (FDI) can benefit domestic firms in the host country. Using firm- level data for China, we find statistically positive vertical spillover effects of multinational enterprises on the perform...Foreign direct investment (FDI) can benefit domestic firms in the host country. Using firm- level data for China, we find statistically positive vertical spillover effects of multinational enterprises on the performance of domestic firms through backward and forward supplier- customer relationships. The spillover effects are mainly from large multinational enterprises and are greater for state-owned firms and in poor regions. Our results are robust for both parametric regression and nonparametric matching techniques. Our findings have strong policy implications: while regulations relating to building business relationships with domestic firms when seeking foreign direct investment should be established, such policies should be aimed at private firms, big multinationals and less developed regions.展开更多
This paper considers pollution density as a function of environmental investment. The higher envir- onmental investment, the lower pollution density. The lower the pollution density is the higher production technology...This paper considers pollution density as a function of environmental investment. The higher envir- onmental investment, the lower pollution density. The lower the pollution density is the higher production technology becomes. This is called the spillover effect. We collected China's panel data at the provincial level from 2005 to 2009, and tested the spillover effect of environmental investment. This paper finds that the environmental investment influenced production technology positively. There is a significant positive relation between government expenditure and spillover effect.展开更多
Will ports become less important in a post-industrial period dominated by service industries?This paper examines the impact and the spillover effects of ports on city economies.The results show that ports contribute t...Will ports become less important in a post-industrial period dominated by service industries?This paper examines the impact and the spillover effects of ports on city economies.The results show that ports contribute to city economies primarily through producer and consumer services.To be specific,ports can drive the development of port-related producer services,and port spillover effects from other cities have a broader impact on producer services;the port contributes to the development of wholesale and retail trades in the local city but the boost to consumer services comes mainly from spillover effects from other ports.This paper concludes that ports are still shaping economic geography by influencing the service sector,and inter-city coordination mechanisms are suggested because of the spillover effects.展开更多
基金This work is financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52174283 and 52274308)Innovation Fund Project for Graduate Student of China University of Petroleum(East China)(22CX04023A)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘The formation of multiple oxygen intermediates supporting efficient oxygen evolution reaction(OER)are affinitive with hydroxyl adsorption.However,ability of the catalyst to capture hydroxyl and maintain the continuous supply at active sits remains a tremendous challenge.Herein,an affordable Ni2P/FeP2 heterostructure is presented to form the internal polarization field(IPF),arising hydroxyl spillover(HOSo)during OER.Facilitated by IPF,the oriented HOSo from FeP2 to Ni2P can activate the Ni site with a new hydroxyl transmission channel and build the optimized reaction path of oxygen intermediates for lower adsorption energy,boosting the OER activity(242 mV vs.RHE at 100 mA cm-2)for least 100 h.More interestingly,for the anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer(AEMWE)with low concentration electrolyte,the advantage of HOSo effect is significantly amplified,delivering 1 A cm^(-2)at a low cell voltage of 1.88 V with excellent stability for over 50 h.
文摘Utilizing provincial panel data from 2014 to 2020,this study employs a fixed effect model,a threshold effect model,and a spatial lag model to empirically examine the correlation between digital economic development and carbon productivity.The findings indicate that digital economic development significantly contributes to the enhancement of carbon productivity in the long term.Furthermore,through instrumental variable method,replacement of explanatory variables and other methods to test its endogeneity and stability,the results remain robust.In terms of regional heterogeneity,the impact of digital economic development on carbon productivity is less pronounced in the central and western regions compared to the eastern region.Additionally,further investigation reveals that industrial structure upgrading and science and technology investment level exhibit different threshold effects on the influence of digital economy development level on carbon productivity.Moreover,there is a significant spatial spillover effect of digital economy development on carbon productivity with H-H and L-L agglomeration spatial correlation.
基金supported by Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Foundation, Department of Education of Guangdong Province (Grant No. 2021WQNCX155)。
文摘Spillover effects play a crucial role in hindering the effective implementation of green behavior.Whether it pertains to enterprises or individuals,engaging in green behavior often leads to increased costs.However,the benefits derived from green behavior cannot be fully recouped but rather spill over and benefit other non-green entities,thereby undermining the incentives for companies or individuals to engage in green practices.The study categorizes the spillover effects of corporate green investment into three aspects based on the channels through which they occur:environmental spillover,inter-industry spillover(vertical spillover),and intra-industry spillover(horizontal spillover).While these three spillover mechanisms work in tandem with green behavior,existing literature has predominantly focused on the "free-rider " effect of environmental spillover and horizontal spillover,neglecting the impact of vertical spillover.Additionally,this paper provides a comprehensive review of measures aimed at incentivizing corporate green investment.Current government-level measures often overlook the multifaceted nature of spillover effects stemming from green behavior and the factors influencing corporate decision-making in this regard,resulting in various limitations and deficiencies.The paper argues that,besides relying solely on direct interventions from external actors such as the government or society,a more significant emphasis should be placed on enhancing the role of enterprises as a fundamental approach.This involves fostering the endogenous capacity of enterprises to generate green investment and facilitating a beneficial interaction that respects corporate autonomy.Consequently,policymakers should consider multiple dimensions of spillover effects and design appropriate mechanisms that leverage the inherent capabilities of enterprises,thus stimulating green investment.This approach represents a crucial area for future research that warrants further in-depth inve stigation.
基金2022 School-Level Topic“Research on the Spillover Effects of Digital Transformation of Universities on Establishing Green Schools”(No.X2022094)。
文摘The development of society and the advancement of science and technology have led to the widespread integration of digital transformation in the field of education.However,the current establishment of green schools faces various challenges,including non-environmental building facilities,high renovation costs,low organizational management efficiency,high energy consumption,outdated office tools,and insufficient environmental awareness among teachers and students.Through thorough research and analysis,it becomes evident that digital technology can play a pivotal role in addressing these challenges and contribute to all aspects of green school establishment.The incorporation of digital thinking concepts is essential for the construction of ecologically civilized campuses and inclusive innovation.The process of digital design and transformation proves instrumental in optimizing both software and hardware facilities within the campus,thereby reducing energy consumption.Simultaneously,comprehensive digital teaching management enhances overall efficiency in management and service delivery.Innovative digital teaching and learning models emerge as transformative tools,providing new avenues to create low-carbon,green classrooms for both teachers and students.By exploring the application of digital transformation in establishing green schools and examining the resulting spillover effects,valuable insights can be gained.These insights,in turn,serve as reference points for building diversified digital technology paths on campus and fostering the creation of green schools.
基金supported by four funding projects,including National Social Science Foundation of ChinaFunding Project of Education Ministry for the Development of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProgram for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of Ministry of Education of China.
文摘The volatility spillover effect between the foreign exchange and stock markets has been a major issue in economic and financial studies.In this paper,GC-MSV model was used to study the spillover effect between the foreign exchange market and the stock market after the reform of the RMB exchange rate mechanism.The empirical results show that there is a negative correlation of dynamic price spillovers between the foreign exchange and stock markets.There are asymmetric volatility spillover effects between these two markets for both RMB stages—continued RMB appreciation or constant RMB shock(a significant reduction in appreciation).However,this has been reduced over time.In conclusion,The RMB exchange rate is a key variable that can affect the internal and external equilibrium of the national economy in an open economic environment,and the stock market is capable of quickly reflecting subtle changes in the real economy.In order to keep the stability of the financial markets and the healthy and rapid development of national economy,some suggestions were proposed.
基金supported by the National Statistical Scientific Research Project of China[Grant number.2016LZ13]the Ministry of Education of Humanities and Social Science Project of China[Grant number.16YJAZH015]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant number.71874185].
文摘Based on analysis of the theoretical impact of energy consumption on air quality,taking 20 heavily polluted cities in the Yangtze River Delta of China as the object,we construct a Spatial Dubin Model,and estimate the effect of energy consumption on air quality and the spatial spillover effects of air pollution.We come to the following conclusions:First,the regional air quality has significant spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity.Second,under three kinds of spatial associated mode,energy consumption has a negative impact on air quality,and the air pollution arising from energy consumption has a negative intra-regional spillover effect.The effect is strongest under the spatial distance weight matrix,followed by the economic distance,and the adjacent spatial weight matrix,which are−0.7926,−0.4547,and−0.4539,respectively.Third,in addition,under the adjacent space and economic distance space matrix,energy consumption has a significant negative effect on air quality,and the inter-regional spillover effects are−0.1513 and−2.5736,respectively.Meanwhile,considering spatial distance and economic development,the inter-regional spillover effect is much larger than is the intra-regional spillover effect.In general,the total spillover effect is at−0.6053 and−3.0284.
基金supported by the Major Tender Projects of National Social Science Foundation of China "Study on Optimization and Operation Mechanism of Industrial Eco Economic System in China"[grant number 12&ZD207]National Natural Science Foundation of China "Research on Value Chain Structure and Firm Embeddedness of Emerging Industries Driven by Technology Convergence"[grant number 71704069]+2 种基金MOE(Ministry of Education in China)Liberal Arts and Social Sciences Foundation "Research on the Formation Mechanism of Dynamic Capability of China's Manufacturing Clusters for Sustainable Eco-innovation"[grant number 16YJC630125]Social Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province "Research on Eco-innovation and New Competitive Advantages of Jiangsu Manufacturing Industrial Clusters"[grant number17GLB020]Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions "Spatial Pattern Evolution and Influencing Factors of Carbon Emissions Efficiency of Construction Industry in China"[grant number17KJB170004]
文摘China's technological efforts to tackle climate change have lasted for many years. It is necessary to test the effect of these efforts with quantitative method. To be exact, whether and how China's low-carbon technology innovation responds to climate change should be tested. Based on the2004-2015 panel data of 30 provinces in China, we use the method of ESDA analyzing the spatial correlation of China's low-carbon innovation technology. Furthermore, we use the spatial Durbin model empirically analyzing the spatial spillover effects. The results obtained are as follows: first,supply and demand of Chinese low-carbon innovation has some deviation in the spatial distribution. The low-carbon technology innovation as the supply factor shows the characteristics of expanding from the east to the west. Innovation in eastern China has always been the most active, but innovative activities in the middle and western China are gradually decreased.However, carbon emissions have the characteristics of moving westward, implying the change of technology demand different from technology supply. Second, China's low-carbon innovation actively responds to the trend of climate change, indicating China's technological efforts have paid off. However, the spatial spillover effects are not significant, showing that the efforts in each region of China still work for himself. Third, environmental regulation and market pull are important factors for low-carbon technology innovation. Among them, both supporting policy and inhibitory policy have significant impact on the local low-carbon technology innovation, but no significant spatial spillover effects. It shows that environmental policies in different regions are competitive and lack of demonstration effects. Economic growth and export as market pull have higher level of effect on low-carbon technology innovation for both local and adjacent areas.Some policy implications are proposed based on these results finally.
基金This paper is funded by the Innovative Talents Support Program of Liaoning Province in China[Grant number.WR2016014].
文摘Interaction of environmental pollution between peripheral areas has become a central topic in the field of resources and environment but little is known about the actual impact on peripheral areas in the current literature.This paper sets out a simultaneous equation model to investigate the spillover effect of environmental pollution between China's peripheral areas utilizing the panel data of 218 cities in China.Making use of indicators for measuring the impact on environmental pollution,it identifies that environmental pollution between cities of China has a significant two-way spillover effect.After standardization of variables,it is found that the spillover effect of peripheral areas on urban environmental pollution cannot be neglected.Nearly,a third of the environmental pollution level in a city is induced by the environmental pollution in peripheral areas.If the indicator of environmental pollution in peripheral areas is missing,wrong conclusions will be drawn.Therefore,government should shift the emphasis of environmental regulation from local to global,and improve the overall environmental quality through coordinated management of regional environment.
基金Supported by National Social Science Foundation of China(13BJY141)
文摘Sharp fluctuation of soybean prices in international and domestic markets has caused big risks for both domestic soybean producers and processing enterprises in recent years. It also increases the difficulties in implementing price stabilization policy for the government. This paper analyzes the volatility spillovers in soybean prices between international and domestic markets using the multivariate VAR-BEKK-GARCH model based on the data set from December 22,2004 to December 19,2014. The estimate results indicate that there are volatility spillover effects from domestic futures market to spot market and bilateral spillover between international futures market and domestic spot market. In order to prevent market manipulation and to reduce the impacts of price volatility in international soybean market on Chinese market,this paper proposes the following policy measures such as establishing early warning mechanism for soybean price fluctuations,improving soybean futures contract design and strengthening trading risk management mechanism,amplifying information disclosure system,and regularizing speculation activities of big traders.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71273106,71073064,71502070)Special Fund for Basic Research and Business Expenses of Central Universities(2013SC38,71561147001)
文摘By referring to attribution theory,influence factor and internal mechanism of crisis brand generating two kinds of spillover effects are explored. In this paper,the influence mechanism on spillover effect is explored from the angles of network and industry information. Results show that high online review dispersion is easy to cause that consumer attributes the responsibility to the outside of the enterprise,while low online review dispersion is easy to cause that consumer attributes the responsibility to the inside of the enterprise; high industry base rate information is easy to cause that consumer attributes the responsibility to the outside of the enterprise,while low industry base rate information is easy to cause that consumer attributes the responsibility to the inside of the enterprise. When consumer attributes the responsibility to the outside of the enterprise,infectious network spillover is easy to occur. When consumer attributes the responsibility to the inside of the enterprise,contrast network spillover is easy to occur. Consumer's existing brand knowledge regulates the influence of online review dispersion on responsibility attribution and the influence of industry base rate information on responsibility attribution. Research result could provide effective theoretic reference and management suggestion for crisis enterprise and even whole industry responding to product injury crisis.
文摘This paper makes an empirical analysis of the spatial spillover effect of regional economic growth by using Moran’s I and Spatial Durbin Model to study the input and output of technological progress, with the panel data of 21 prefecture-level cities in Guangdong Province from 2008 to 2017. The empirical results show that the spatial autocorrelation exists in the economic development of Guangdong Province, and both the input and output of scientific research innovation have a significant positive effect on the regional economic growth. Under the spatial contiguity weights matrix, the output of scientific research and innovation has a more obvious spillover effect on the economic growth of neighboring cities than the input of scientific research and innovation.
文摘As a type of non-renewable industrial resource,petroleum is of great strategic significance to the development of each nation.Ever since the 19th century,an array of oil crises have incurred certain downturn of the world economy.Pertinent studies have implied that financial crisis is always prone to be accompanied with oil crisis,yet the relevance of crude oil to the stock market,the barometer of the macro-economy,is ambiguous.In order to avoid the risks induced by the volatility of oil price,the oil futures market has appeared,and at the same time,the financial property of crude oil has become far more evident.Owing to lack of mature mining and refining technology,China still imports large amounts of oil from abroad at present.Thus,the economy of China is susceptible to fluctuation in petroleum price.As for Australia,the only net importer among the member countries of the International Energy Agency(IEA),it fails to attain the target of holding 90 days of fuel reserves set by the agency.However,in 2013,Australian Lincoln Energy announced that a gigantic shale oil field with an estimated value of 21 trillion US dollars was found in the South of Australia,and that if that field is mined,Australia has the possibility to turn into a net exporter of crude oil.It can be expected that the Australia’s economic conditions would be closely related to the international oil to a certain extent.Based on the approaches of the first difference and co-integration,this paper delves into the volatility spillover effect of crude oil futures on the Chinese and Australian stock markets.According to the empirical findings,in the short run,the price of crude oil futures has a greater impact on the Australian composite index than on the Chinese composite index.However,crude oil futures are negatively related to the Chinese composite index in the long run.The price of crude oil futures has no significant impact on the Chinese sector indices,but it has a certain impact on the Australian utilities,energy,materials,and industrial sector indices.In the Chinese stock market,the movement of short-run effect to long-run effect of crude oil futures on sector indices is in the reverse direction.Finally,the price of crude oil futures has a significant volatility spillover effect only on the Australian utilities sector index.
基金supported by China National Social Science Fund (No. 19BJY008)Humanities and Social ScienceFund Project of Ministry of Education in China (No. 18YJA790055)+1 种基金Graduate Project of Wuhan University(No. 1201-413100137)Undergraduate Education Quality Construction Project of Wuhan University (No.1201-413200294).
文摘Previous studies focus on the direct impacts of environmental regulations while paying less attention to spillover effects.Taking the Eleventh Five-year Plan in China as a quasi-natural experiment,our results show that environmental regulations significantly increase the tax burden of unregulated frms.Environmental regulations generate spillover effects on firms that should not be subjected to regulatory policies.Further channel analysis shows that the fiscal pressure of local governments caused by environmental regulations is a major channel for the increase in the tax burden of unregulated firms.Finally,according to the heterogeneity results,the spillover effects are more pronounced in small firms,non-state-owned enterprises,and provinces with stricter enforcement.Our findings emphasize the additional costs of environmental policies,and the government should consider these costs when formulatingpolicies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 71631004,72033008the Humanity and Social Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of China under Grant No.18YJA790101
文摘With the increase of economic environment uncertainty,it is of great importance to study the linkage and spillover effects of economic policy uncertainty among countries.Especially,this article selects eight countries along the Belt and Road as the core countries(China,Korea,Croatia,India,Russia,Greece,Pakistan,and Singapore)and four countries(Germany,France,Japan,and UK)as the peripheral countries,and then copula technique and mixed-frequency global vector autoregressive model are employed to analyze the correlation and the spillover effect of the economic policy uncertainty(EPU)for the twelve selected countries,respectively.The proposed empirical findings show clearly that the EPU correlation among the eight core Belt and Road countries is stronger and the spillover effect of the core countries to the peripheral countries is statistically significant.As a result,for harmonious and win-win development,the Belt and Road countries should pay a close attention to the EPU,because the stability of the EPU promotes greatly the economy development.
基金funded by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.72272025,71772029)the Liao Ning Revitalization Talents Program(No.XLYC2007052)the Tax Accounting Research Center of Dongbei University of Finance and Economics
文摘In accordance with the purchasing tax-deduction method and the receiptbased value added tax(VAT)system,the same transaction can be recorded by two firms,which creates self-enforcement properties,thereby restraining tax avoidance.Using the Replacement of Business Tax with VAT reform in China,this paper adopts a difference-in-differences design to investigate the spillover effects of VAT self-enforcement properties on corporate income tax avoidance by manually collating information about suppliers/clients of listed firms.As the listed firms’suppliers/clients switch from paying business tax to paying VAT,there is a striking decline in their corporate income tax avoidance behavior.This effect is pronounced in firms with closer upstream and downstream correlations,higher information complexity and stronger incentives for tax avoidance.
基金This paper is ssupported by"Research on the Differences of Agricultural Carbon Emission Behaviors of Different Types of Farmers"(No.71303162)a program of National Natural Science Foundation of China+5 种基金"Research on Evaluation of High-Quality Economic Development inLiaoning Province"(No.XLYC1904014)a program of Leading Talent in Philosophy and Social Sciences under the Revitalize Liaoning Talents Project"Research on Improving the Citizenship Quality of the Agricultural Transfer Population under the New Urbanization with People as the Core"(No.21AZD044)a key program of the National Social Science Foundation of China"Research on the Construction of a Longterm Mechanization for the Empowerment and Income Increase of Characteristic Agriculture"(No.21&ZD090)a major program of the National Social ScienceFoundation of China.
文摘The extreme weather caused by the global warming effect has triggered huge losses to agricultural production.A hot issue for governments and scholars is how to effectively reduce carbon emission intensity in agriculture.The agricultural farming practices that are high pollution and high energy cosuming have exacerbated the vulnerability of regional agroecosystems.The sustainable development of agriculture is faced with the two dilemmas of a low utilization rate of green resources and the serious pollution of farmland.Further,environmental and ecological carrying capacities have reached theirlimits,seriouslyhinderingtthe high-quality development of low-carbon agriculture in China.Thus,based on the panel data of 282 cities,the Spatial Dubin Model(SDM)is employed to examine the impact of agricultural mechanization on carbon emission intensity in agriculture.It is found that from 1999 to 2019 carbon emission intensity in agriculture showed an overall downward trend;as of 2019,the agricultural field had completed the target of carbon emission reduction,,oneyear aheadof schedule.From a local perspective,approximately 14.89%6of fagricultural industries in prefecture-level city have still not achieved carbon emission reduction targets,and agricultural carbon emission reduction tasks were better completed in major grain-producing areas than in nonmajor grain-producing areas.Agricultural mechanization has significantly reduced carbonemission intensityyinlocal agriculture production.The impact of agricultural mechanizationoncarbon emission intensity in agriculture has not only a significant negative spatial spillover effect but also a significant effect on spatial carbon emission reduction.Compared with non-major ggrain-producingareas,agricultural mechanization plays a greater role in reducing spatial carbon emissions in major grain-producing areas.Further studies find that agricultural mechanization is conducive to overcome difficulties,such as instability of property rights and land fragmentation,and to achieve large-scale agricultural production,thereby reducing agricultural carbon emissions in nearby regions.However,the transfer of rurallabor,adjustments to the structure of agricultural cultivation,and the centralized use of rural land restrict the development of the crossregional service market for agricultural machinery,which in turn weaken its contribution to spatial carbon emission reduction.At the end of this paper,it is suggested that Chinese governments at all levels should introduce subsidy policies for the cross-regional operation of agricultural machinery to solve the problem of their service market failure.Efforts should be made to stimulate the market to develop more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly agricultural machinery products while strictly controlling changes in the use of arableland in non-grain-producing areas,which aims to serve further agricultural mechanization and boost the high-quality development of low-carbon agriculture.
基金National Social Science Foundation of China, No. 11BJY063 Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University, No.NECT-13-0844
文摘Based on provincial panel data of water footprint and grey water footprint, and with the help of data envelopment analysis model considering and without considering the unde- sirable output, this paper estimates the water resources utilization efficiency in China from 1997 to 2011. The spatial weighting matrix based on economy-spatial distance function is established to discuss spatial autocorrelation of water resources utilization efficiency. With the help of absolute/3-convergence model, this paper concludes that there exists/%convergence in the water resources utilization efficiency. Under the conditions of considering and without considering the undesirable output, it takes about 52.6 and 5.6 years respectively to achieve the extent of half of convergence. By mean of the spatial Durbin econometric model, this paper studies spatial spillover effects of the provincial water resources utilization efficiency in China. The results are as follows. 1) With considering and without considering the undesir- able output, there is significant spatial correlation in provincial water resource efficiency in China. 2) Under the two cases, the spatial autoregressive coefficients (p) are 0.278 and 0.507 respectively, at 1% significance level. There exist the spatial spillover effects of provin- cial water resources utilization efficiency. 3) With considering the undesirable output, these factors of the education funds, the transportation infrastructure, and the industrial and agri- cultural water consumption proportion have positive impacts. These factors of foreign direct investment, the industry value-added water consumption per ten thousand yuan, per capita water consumption, and the total precipitation have negative impacts. 4) Without considering the undesirable output, the factor of GDP per laborer has a greater positive significant influ- ence on the water resources utilization efficiency. However the facts of industry value-added water consumption in ten thousand yuan and the transportation infrastructure have no sig- nificant influence. 5) Regardless of undesirable output of water resources utilization efficiency the assessment of the present real water resources utilization in China will be distorted and policy-making will be misled. The water efficiency measure considering environmental factors (such as gray water footprint) is more reasonable.
基金financial support from the Fulbright Scholarship and the Graduate Academic Research and Innovation Foundation of the University of International Business and Economics(Project:A20110122)
文摘Foreign direct investment (FDI) can benefit domestic firms in the host country. Using firm- level data for China, we find statistically positive vertical spillover effects of multinational enterprises on the performance of domestic firms through backward and forward supplier- customer relationships. The spillover effects are mainly from large multinational enterprises and are greater for state-owned firms and in poor regions. Our results are robust for both parametric regression and nonparametric matching techniques. Our findings have strong policy implications: while regulations relating to building business relationships with domestic firms when seeking foreign direct investment should be established, such policies should be aimed at private firms, big multinationals and less developed regions.
文摘This paper considers pollution density as a function of environmental investment. The higher envir- onmental investment, the lower pollution density. The lower the pollution density is the higher production technology becomes. This is called the spillover effect. We collected China's panel data at the provincial level from 2005 to 2009, and tested the spillover effect of environmental investment. This paper finds that the environmental investment influenced production technology positively. There is a significant positive relation between government expenditure and spillover effect.
基金Shanghai Philosophy and Social Science Fund(No.2018BJB008)Liberal Arts and Social Sciences Foundation of Ministry of Education in China(No.21YJC790060).
文摘Will ports become less important in a post-industrial period dominated by service industries?This paper examines the impact and the spillover effects of ports on city economies.The results show that ports contribute to city economies primarily through producer and consumer services.To be specific,ports can drive the development of port-related producer services,and port spillover effects from other cities have a broader impact on producer services;the port contributes to the development of wholesale and retail trades in the local city but the boost to consumer services comes mainly from spillover effects from other ports.This paper concludes that ports are still shaping economic geography by influencing the service sector,and inter-city coordination mechanisms are suggested because of the spillover effects.