Melatonin has been shown to diminish edema in rats. Melatonin can be used to treat spinal cord injury. This study presumed that melatonin could relieve spinal cord edema and examined how it might act. Our experiments ...Melatonin has been shown to diminish edema in rats. Melatonin can be used to treat spinal cord injury. This study presumed that melatonin could relieve spinal cord edema and examined how it might act. Our experiments found that melatonin （100 mg/kg, i.p.） could reduce the water content of the spinal cord, and suppress the expression of aquaporin-4 and glial fibrillary acidic protein after spinal cord injury. This suggests that the mechanism by which melatonin alleviates the damage to the spinal cord by edema might be related to the expression of aquaporin-4 and glial fibrillary acidic protein.展开更多
Intramedullary pressure increases after spinal cord injury, and this can be an important factor for secondary spinal cord injury. Until now there have been no studies of the dynamic changes of intramedullary pressure ...Intramedullary pressure increases after spinal cord injury, and this can be an important factor for secondary spinal cord injury. Until now there have been no studies of the dynamic changes of intramedullary pressure after spinal cord injury. In this study, telemetry systems were used to observe changes in intramedullary pressure in the 72 hours following spinal cord injury to explore its pathological mechanisms. Spinal cord injury was induced using an aneurysm clip at T10 of the spinal cord of 30 Japanese white rabbits, while another 32 animals were only subjected to laminectomy. The feasibility of this measurement was assessed. Intramedullary pressure was monitored in anesthetized and conscious animals. The dynamic changes of intramedullary pressure after spinal cord injury were divided into three stages: stage I(steep rise) 1–7 hours, stage Ⅱ(steady rise) 8–38 hours, and stage Ⅲ(descending) 39–72 hours. Blood-spinal barrier permeability, edema, hemorrhage, and histological results in the 72 hours following spinal cord injury were evaluated according to intramedullary pressure changes. We found that spinal cord hemorrhage was most severe at 1 hour post-spinal cord injury and then gradually decreased; albumin and aquaporin 4 immunoreactivities first increased and then decreased, peaking at 38 hours. These results confirm that severe bleeding in spinal cord tissue is the main cause of the sharp increase in intramedullary pressure in early spinal cord injury. Spinal cord edema and blood-spinal barrier destruction are important factors influencing intramedullary pressure in stages Ⅱ and Ⅲ of spinal cord injury.展开更多
Edema formation is a major problem following traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI) that acts to exacerbate secondary damage.Severity of edema correlates with reduced neurological outcome in human patients.To date, there a...Edema formation is a major problem following traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI) that acts to exacerbate secondary damage.Severity of edema correlates with reduced neurological outcome in human patients.To date, there are no effective treatments to directly resolve edema within the spinal cord.The aquaporin-4(AQP4) water channel is found on membranes of astrocytic endfeet in direct contact with blood vessels, the glia limitans in contact with the cerebrospinal fluid and ependyma around the central canal.Being so locally expressed at the interface between fluid and tissue allow AQP4 channels to play an important role in the bidirectional regulation of water homeostasis under normal conditions and following trauma.With the need to better understand the pathophysiology underlying the devastating cellular events in SCI, animal models have become an integral part of exploration.Inevitably, several injury models have been developed(contusion, compression, transection) resulting in difficult interpretation between studies with conflicting results.This is true in the case of understanding the role of AQP4 in the progression and resolution of edema following SCI, whose role is still not completely understood and is highly dependent on the type of edema present(vasogenic vs cytotoxic).Here, we discuss regulation of AQP4 in varying injury models and the effects of potential therapeutic interventions on expression, edema formation and functional recovery.Better understanding of the precise role of AQP4 following a wide range of injuries will help to understand optimal treatment timing following human SCI for prime therapeutic benefit and enhanced neurological outcome.展开更多
目的研究重组人促红细胞生成素对急性脊髓水肿的抑制作用及其机制探究其临床应用的可能性。方法实验动物随机分为3组,采用静力加载技术于Wistar大鼠T13椎体水平造成急性脊髓损伤。生理盐水对照组,伤后立即给予生理盐水尾静脉注射。rHu-...目的研究重组人促红细胞生成素对急性脊髓水肿的抑制作用及其机制探究其临床应用的可能性。方法实验动物随机分为3组,采用静力加载技术于Wistar大鼠T13椎体水平造成急性脊髓损伤。生理盐水对照组,伤后立即给予生理盐水尾静脉注射。rHu-EPO治疗组,动物伤后立即给予rHu-EPO 1000unit/kg of bw尾静脉注射。甲基强的松龙治疗组,伤后立即给予甲基强的松龙30mg/kg of bw尾静脉注射。观察治疗前后实验动物神经功能评分变化、以及脊髓组织含水量的改变,细胞内游离钙含量([Ca2+]i)的变化。结果(1)较之对照组,rH-EPO治疗组伤后1h运动功能已明显恢复(P<0.01)Rh-EPO治疗组受伤节段含水量在伤后各阶段均明显低于对照组(P<0.01),Rh-EPO在伤后12h对细胞内[Ca2+]i含量的上升表现出明显的抑制作用(P<0.05)(。2)较之对照组,MP治疗组伤后伤后24h开始出现明显的功能恢复(P<0.05),伤后24h、48h含水量少于对照组(P<0.01),MP在伤后24h对细胞内[Ca2+]i含量的上升表现出明显的抑制作用(P<0.05)。结论重组人促红细胞生成素对急性脊髓水肿具有明显的抑制作用,并且起效时间早,有效促进急性脊髓水肿时的神经功能恢复。展开更多
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant,No.2014M552692
文摘Melatonin has been shown to diminish edema in rats. Melatonin can be used to treat spinal cord injury. This study presumed that melatonin could relieve spinal cord edema and examined how it might act. Our experiments found that melatonin （100 mg/kg, i.p.） could reduce the water content of the spinal cord, and suppress the expression of aquaporin-4 and glial fibrillary acidic protein after spinal cord injury. This suggests that the mechanism by which melatonin alleviates the damage to the spinal cord by edema might be related to the expression of aquaporin-4 and glial fibrillary acidic protein.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81272164(to JJL)the Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Central Public Research Institutes in China,No.2016CZ-4(to JJL),2018CZ-1(to JJL)+1 种基金the Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders in China,No.0000-100031(to JJL)the Basic Scientific Research Foundation of China Rehabilitation Research Center,No.2017ZX-22,2017ZX-20(to JJL)
文摘Intramedullary pressure increases after spinal cord injury, and this can be an important factor for secondary spinal cord injury. Until now there have been no studies of the dynamic changes of intramedullary pressure after spinal cord injury. In this study, telemetry systems were used to observe changes in intramedullary pressure in the 72 hours following spinal cord injury to explore its pathological mechanisms. Spinal cord injury was induced using an aneurysm clip at T10 of the spinal cord of 30 Japanese white rabbits, while another 32 animals were only subjected to laminectomy. The feasibility of this measurement was assessed. Intramedullary pressure was monitored in anesthetized and conscious animals. The dynamic changes of intramedullary pressure after spinal cord injury were divided into three stages: stage I(steep rise) 1–7 hours, stage Ⅱ(steady rise) 8–38 hours, and stage Ⅲ(descending) 39–72 hours. Blood-spinal barrier permeability, edema, hemorrhage, and histological results in the 72 hours following spinal cord injury were evaluated according to intramedullary pressure changes. We found that spinal cord hemorrhage was most severe at 1 hour post-spinal cord injury and then gradually decreased; albumin and aquaporin 4 immunoreactivities first increased and then decreased, peaking at 38 hours. These results confirm that severe bleeding in spinal cord tissue is the main cause of the sharp increase in intramedullary pressure in early spinal cord injury. Spinal cord edema and blood-spinal barrier destruction are important factors influencing intramedullary pressure in stages Ⅱ and Ⅲ of spinal cord injury.
文摘Edema formation is a major problem following traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI) that acts to exacerbate secondary damage.Severity of edema correlates with reduced neurological outcome in human patients.To date, there are no effective treatments to directly resolve edema within the spinal cord.The aquaporin-4(AQP4) water channel is found on membranes of astrocytic endfeet in direct contact with blood vessels, the glia limitans in contact with the cerebrospinal fluid and ependyma around the central canal.Being so locally expressed at the interface between fluid and tissue allow AQP4 channels to play an important role in the bidirectional regulation of water homeostasis under normal conditions and following trauma.With the need to better understand the pathophysiology underlying the devastating cellular events in SCI, animal models have become an integral part of exploration.Inevitably, several injury models have been developed(contusion, compression, transection) resulting in difficult interpretation between studies with conflicting results.This is true in the case of understanding the role of AQP4 in the progression and resolution of edema following SCI, whose role is still not completely understood and is highly dependent on the type of edema present(vasogenic vs cytotoxic).Here, we discuss regulation of AQP4 in varying injury models and the effects of potential therapeutic interventions on expression, edema formation and functional recovery.Better understanding of the precise role of AQP4 following a wide range of injuries will help to understand optimal treatment timing following human SCI for prime therapeutic benefit and enhanced neurological outcome.
文摘目的研究重组人促红细胞生成素对急性脊髓水肿的抑制作用及其机制探究其临床应用的可能性。方法实验动物随机分为3组,采用静力加载技术于Wistar大鼠T13椎体水平造成急性脊髓损伤。生理盐水对照组,伤后立即给予生理盐水尾静脉注射。rHu-EPO治疗组,动物伤后立即给予rHu-EPO 1000unit/kg of bw尾静脉注射。甲基强的松龙治疗组,伤后立即给予甲基强的松龙30mg/kg of bw尾静脉注射。观察治疗前后实验动物神经功能评分变化、以及脊髓组织含水量的改变,细胞内游离钙含量([Ca2+]i)的变化。结果(1)较之对照组,rH-EPO治疗组伤后1h运动功能已明显恢复(P<0.01)Rh-EPO治疗组受伤节段含水量在伤后各阶段均明显低于对照组(P<0.01),Rh-EPO在伤后12h对细胞内[Ca2+]i含量的上升表现出明显的抑制作用(P<0.05)(。2)较之对照组,MP治疗组伤后伤后24h开始出现明显的功能恢复(P<0.05),伤后24h、48h含水量少于对照组(P<0.01),MP在伤后24h对细胞内[Ca2+]i含量的上升表现出明显的抑制作用(P<0.05)。结论重组人促红细胞生成素对急性脊髓水肿具有明显的抑制作用,并且起效时间早,有效促进急性脊髓水肿时的神经功能恢复。
